Name : Nur Asisah
Nim : 2022310419
Class : English 22A
1. Word-for-word Translation (Literal Translation)
This method translates word for word directly from the source language to the target language, without
considering the context or overall meaning of the sentence. This is the most literal method and is rarely
used in professional translation.
Example:
"The cat sat on the mat."
Word-for-word Translation: "Cat sat on mat."
2. Literal Translation
This method attempts to maintain the grammatical structure and style of the source language in the
target language. It is more flexible than word-for-word translation but can still produce translations that
are stiff and unnatural.
Example:
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
Literal Translation: "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
This translation maintains the grammatical structure of English but is not entirely natural in Indonesian.
The words "cokelat" (brown) and "cepat" (quick) in Indonesian aren't always used in this context,
making the translation sound somewhat strange.
3. Faithful Translation
This method aims to maintain the meaning and style of the source language as best as possible, while
still adhering to the grammatical rules and style of the target language. This is the most commonly used
method in professional translation because it produces accurate and easily understandable translations.
Example:
"Ben is too well aware that he is naughty."
Faithful Translation: "Ben is very well aware that he is naughty."
This translation maintains the meaning and style of the source language well, while still using natural
and easily understandable language in the target language.
4. Semantic Translation
This method emphasizes the meaning and context of the sentence and strives to convey the same
meaning in the target language, even though the grammatical structure and style may differ. This is the
most flexible method and is most suitable for complex and meaningful texts.
Example:
"I have very few friends."
Semantic Translation: "I don't have many friends."
This translation maintains the meaning of the source sentence, although the grammatical structure is
different. This is an example of how semantic translation can produce a more natural and easily
understandable translation in the target language.
5. Adaptation
This method involves adapting the source text to the cultural and linguistic context of the target
language. The translator not only translates word for word but also changes the structure, style, and
even content of the text to suit the culture and habits of the target reader.
Example:
"He was as happy as a clam."
Adaptation: "He was very happy."
In this example, the idiom "as happy as a clam" does not have a direct equivalent Indonesian. The
translator adapted the idiom by using a more common and easily understood phrase for Indonesian
readers.
6. Free Translation
This method gives the translator greater freedom to convey the meaning of the source text in the target
language, without being bound by the grammatical structure or style of the source language. The
translator focuses more on the meaning and message of the text and can use more natural and easily
understandable language in the target language.
Example:
"The old man sat on the park bench, watching the children play."
Free Translation: "The old man sat on the park bench, watching the children play."
This free translation uses language that is more natural and easily understood in English, although the
sentence structure is slightly different from the source text.
7. Idiomatic Translation
This method aims to produce a translation that sounds natural and idiomatic in the target language. The
translator uses idioms and phrases commonly used in the target language to convey the meaning of the
source text in a more vivid and engaging way.
Example:
"He was caught red-handed."
Idiomatic Translation: "He was caught red-handed."
This idiomatic translation uses the idiom "caught red-handed," which has the same meaning as the
idiom "caught red-handed" in English.
8. Communicative Translation
This method emphasizes the communication goal, which is to convey the message of the source text to
the target reader in a clear, concise, and easily understandable way. The translator can change the
sentence structure, style, and even content of the text to make it easier for the target reader to
understand.
Example:
"The meeting will be held on Tuesday at 10:00 AM."
Communicative Translation: "The meeting will be held on Tuesday at 10:00 AM."
This communicative translation uses language that is simpler and easier for English speakers to
understand, although the sentence structure is slightly different from the source text.
