GE CARTOGRAPHY
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1. Map Projection Any regular set of parallel and meridians upon which a
map can be drawn
2. Equal-area Projec- Projection where shape of any small area remains un-
tion changed
3. Transverse Projec- Projection where turned right angles to their usual ori-
tion entation
4. Cylindrical Projec- Projection that is equi-rectangular and one of the sim-
tion plest, composed of horizontal parallels and vertical
meridians. All loxodromes are straight lines, used for
nautical charts
5. Conical Projection Projections derived from projecting parallel and merid-
ians of a globe upon a tangent or secant cone and
developing the cone into a plane. Suitable for mapping
geographical features located in middle latitudes
6. Mercator Projec- One of most famous and widely used projection, de-
tion (Cylindrical signed for sea navigation. Great distortion beyond
Projection) 70deg latitude. Used in mapping area of predominantly
EW. Least suitable for general use in office. Straight lines
show true direction
7. Gall Projection Projection derived from cylinder cutting spheres at 45
(Cylindrical Pro- deg N/S parallels. Useful for showing distribution of cli-
jection) matic, economic and population data.
8. Miller Projection Projection that resembles Mercator but shows less ex-
(Cylindrical Pro- aggeration of area in higher latitudes
jection)
9. Azimuthal Projec- Projections where directions of all lines radiating from
tion center of map have same directions as corresponding
lines on surface of earth. Limitation is only one hemi-
sphere can be portrayed at a time
10.
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Cassini Projection Projection constructed by computing lengths of arc
(Cylindrical Pro- along selected meridian and plotting these as rectangu-
jection) lar coordinates in a plane
11. Lambert Confor- Projection used for predominantly EW, scale fixed by NS
mal Projection limitation chosen
(Conical Projec-
tion)
12. Polyconic Projec- Projection used for predominantly NS, all meridians
tion curved except central meridian. Error increase as you
go further from central meridian. Used by LMB.
13. Aphylactic Projec- Projection that is neither conformal nor equal-area.
tion Modified Equal-area
14. Gnomonic Projec- Rays of projection originate from center of earth and is
tion tangent to the equator. Used for navigation by transpolar
or trans-oceanic routes.
15. Orthographic Pro- Rays of projection are parallel and perpendicular to a
jection plane tangent to a plane
16. Stereographic Rays of projection originate from a point on the surface
Projection of the sphere onto the plane
17. Altitude Tint (Lay- Sequence of color, marking zones of elevation between
er Tint) successive contour lines
18. Graticules Network of lines of latitude
19. Fix Reference element such as line or plane to which posi-
tion of others are related
20. Neatlines Inner border of a map
21. Tick Short line perpendicular to neatline marking grid sys-
tems
22. Register Mark
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Pinpoint or crosses by which color separation drawings
are adjusted to each other
23. Relative Relief Heights of hills and mountains over adjacent valleys,
basins or plains
24. Shadient Relief Plastic shading combined with altitude tints
25. Contour Imaginary line on ground, all points of which are at
same elevation. Closed backward contour lines indicate
depression
26. Hachures Short lines which run parallel to dip of slope. Steeper the
slope, heavier the line
27. Shades Relative darkness of gray tone
28. Tone Relative darkness of gray
29. Halftone Shade between black and white
30. Tint Color gradiations on map
31. Moire Formation of regular light and dark patches by interfer-
ence of 2 halftone screens
32. Grid Network of 2 sets of regularly spaced straight lines
normal to each other
33. Isogonic Lines with equal magnetic declination
34. Isopleths Lines drawn on maps connecting points of equal value
35. Symbols Designs on maps used to represent various features
36. Spot height Point whose elevation is noted on map
37. Vanishing point Point in perspective where parallel lines meet
38. Fiducial Mark Used to locate geometric center or principal point of
photo
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39. Principal Point Point in the focal plane intersected by optical axis of the
lens
40. Focal length Distance between rear nodal point of lens and focal
plane
41. Short focal length Distance between rear nodal point of lens and focal
plane less than 305 mm
42. Long focal length Distance between rear nodal point of lens and focal
plane more than 305 mm
43. Maps Selective, symbolized and generalized picture
44. Planimetric Map Map not showing relief. Shows boundaries and subdivi-
sions of tract of land determined by surveying
45. Isoplets Small or medium scale map showing nature of relief by
semi-pictorial symbols
46. Topographic Map General map showing all important features, including
relief
47. Thematic Map Map that shows the base map plus economic informa-
tion
48. Bedrock Map Shows geologic formation either exposed or overlain by
surface deposits
49. Statistical Map Showing distribution of rainfall acreage, represented by
means of dots, isopleths
50. Isopach Map Shows thickness of specific stratigraphic interval by us-
ing isopach thickness contours
51. Lithofacies Map Shows rock types in stratigraphic unit
52. Tectonic Map Display actual or projected surface resulting from struc-
tural elements such as fault planes
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53. Hypsometric Map Map showing land or submarine bottom relief in terms
of height above a datum at any contour, hachures and
shading
54. Chorographic Map Representing large regions, countries or continents on
a small scale
55. Bathymetric Map Topographic map of the sea
56. Chart Map for navigation in air or water
57. Gnomonic Chart Great circle chart
58. Aeronautical Used for air navigation
Chart
59. Spread between Letters on map such as countries, mountains etc. are
end distance of re- ______
spective area
60. Normal spacing of ______ less than width of normal letters
letterings in maps
is
61. Gothic Lettering used in map representing relief features
62. Orthomorphic Grid system that is least complicated
Grid
63. British Grid Grid system used when area to be mapped must be
small, long and narrow
64. Transverse Merca- Grid system used when area is predominantly NS. Por-
tor Grid tion of earth between 2 selected parallels of latitude to
be horizontal slice of cone. There is 90deg transposition
of poles to point at opposite position
65. Military Grid (UTM) Grid system where there is quadrillage near equator
66. Brown Color used for relief of configuration of ground surface
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67. Green Color used for vegetation
68. Blue Color used for water features
69. Black Color used for man-made, political subdivision, place,
names, guidelines, letterings and distances
70. Red Color used for longitude and latitude
71. Hydrography Science and art of representation of water features on
maps
72. Hypsography Science and art of determination terrain relief with re-
spect to datum
73. Topography Configuration or shape and roughness of the ground
74. Uranography Science and art concerned with describing and map-
ping the heavens.
75. Astronomy The branch of science that deals with celestial objects,
space, and the physical universe as a whole.
76. Bathymetry Study of underwater depth of lake or ocean floors. In oth-
er words, It is the underwater equivalent to hypsometry
or topography.
77. Hypsometry The measurement of land elevation relative to a datum
78. Photogrammetry Science and art of preparing maps from photos
79. Orthodrome Shortest distance between points on earth's surface
which crosses successive meridians
80. Loxodrome or Line of constant compass direction along its length. It is
Rhumb line spiral on a globe.
81. Analemma Shows the position which the sun shine vertically at
meridian when local time is 12 noon
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82. Vinylite Synthetic resin of great dimensional stability, used in
drawing maps
83. Gelatin Organic alloid, used in most photographic emulsions
84. Geostenography Method of rapid notations of geographic data
85. Globe gore Lune-shaped map to be fitted to a globe
86. Guide copy Map which is sufficiently complete to be given to en-
graver for printing
87. Isometric Diagram Drawing of 3D body related to 3 axes. Dimension parallel
to axes are true to scale.
88. Gerardus Merca- Father of Dutch cartography, foremost in development
tor of modern cartography
89. Charles Saxton Father of English cartography
90. Hipparchus Father of systematic astronomy as well as mathematical
mapping
91. Claudius Ptola- Father of cartography
maeus
92. Captain William Drawn nautical chart of Manila unsurpassed in accuracy
Nicholson for 270yrs
93. Light Table A glass tapped table with lights underneath the glass
which is used for copying
94. Offset Printing Method by the lithographic principle in which a map is
applied to kernelled metal sheets with greasy ink
95. Series Maps Set of maps which are sections of larger area, such as
topo sheets
96. Mosaic Several air photos mounted together to form a continu-
ous picture of large area
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97. Map Compilation Several maps mounted to form a continuous map
98. Proportional di- An x-shaped divider formed by joining a pair of
vider two-pointed arms which is used for enlargement and
reduction
99. Spline Devise used as tools in projecting/plotting different
curves
100. Pantograph Instrument for copying maps on larger or smaller scale.
Mostly are made of roads forming a parallelogram joined
on the 4 corners
101. Photolithography Process consisting in making a negative of map and
contact printing it on albumen-sensitized metal printing
plate
102. Photostat Design photographed directly on sensitized paper
103. Pull-up Tracing of map, or part of it, on transparent paper or
plastic, done by contact printing
104. Trachographic Re- Method using, curve hill shaped lines to indicate relief
lief Drawing on small maps
105. Stereoscopic Vi- Method by which permits drawing contour line by using
sion two overlapping air photos under stereoscopic instru-
ment
106. Scribing Engraving lines, symbol in a scribe coating, for prepara-
tion of negative for map production
107. Squeeze T-shaped tool to squeeze out superfluous ink or any
other liquid from surface
108. 3 Color Process Method of color reproduction using filters and halftone
screened
109. Planimeter Instrument used for measuring area of map
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110. Oblique Photogra- Mapping of tunnel can be done by photogrammetric
phy method with aid of
111. Philippine Insulae First map devoted exclusively to Philippines
112. Ma-yi In long forgotten time, Philippines was called by Chinese
as
113. Carta y hydu- Best known ancient Philippine Map
graphica y Choro-
graphica de Las Is-
las Filipinas
114. Rutter Also known as nautical manual
115. Lens Most important part functions to gather light rays for
each point on terrain
116. Normal Angle Field of View less than 75
Lens
117. Wide Angle Lens Field of View from 75 - 100
118. Super Wide Lens Field of View more than 100
119. Single Lens Simplest type of lens, used for mapping
120. Multi-Lens Has 2 or more lenses and expose 1 or more film simul-
taneously
121. Strip Camera Used to obtain continuous photo of strip of terrain
122. Camera Body Consists of one-piece casting which houses the drive
mechanism for shutter assembly and magazine
123. Magazine Consists of light tight container which holds the supply
of exposed and unexposed film
124. Lens Cone As- Contains the lens, filter, diaphragm, nodal points and
sembly shutter
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125. Shutter Controls the length of time that light is permitted to pass
through the lens
126. Diaphragm Functions is to control amount of light striking the emul-
sion of film which is positioned in focal plane
127. Filter Consists of pieces of colored glass placed in front of
camera lens to prevent stray and undesirable lights from
entering camera
128. Viewfinder Enables continuous view of terrain below aircraft
129. Camera Mount Devise which is used to attach camera to aircraft
130. Intervalometer Device that automatically trip the shutter of camera at
specified time
131. Terrestrial Pho- Taken with ground based cameras from known positions
togrammetry
132. Aerial Photogram- Taken by a precision camera mounted on an airplane
metry
133. Metric Photogram- Refers to use of measurements made on aerial photo to
metry obtain quantitative data about earth's surface
134. Interpretative Pho- Used in recognizing and identifying objects in photo, as
togrammetry well as judging their significance
135. Composite Photo- Made by joining several photographs taken at a single
graph camera station
136. Extraterrestrial Emerged as result of space exploration
Photograph
137. Trimetrogon Pho- Has a photographic unit which consists of 3 wide-an-
tograph gle-single-lens camera
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