Practice Test 24

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an Given how __________ the shortcomings of the standard

author who does not allow facts to be __________ by economic model are in its portrayal of human behavior,

politics: well aware of the political disputes about the the failure of many economists to respond to them is

effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, astonishing. They continue to fill the journals with yet

this author does not permit them to obscure his more proofs of yet more improbable theorems. Others,

comprehensive description of what we know about our by contrast, accept the criticisms as a challenge,

biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our seeking to expand the basic model to embrace a wider

knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and range of things people do.

the superficiality of our theories, calling attention to

the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be Which choice completes the text with the most logical

better understood before we can accurately diagnose and precise word or phrase?

the condition of our planet. A) overlooked

Which choice completes the text with the most logical B) occasional

and precise word or phrase? C) patent

A) overshadowed D) pervasive

B) invalidated

C) illuminated

D) threatened
Room acoustics design criteria are determined The fact that the average life expectancy ten thousand

according to the room’s intended use. Music, for years ago was so much shorter than it is now is often

example, is best appreciated in spaces that are ________ as evidence supporting the notion that the

reverberant, a condition that generally makes speech world always improves with time. However, if you

less __________. Acoustics suitable for both speech and correct for the fact that most children in that epoch

music can sometimes be created in the same space, died in childbirth, life expectancy for those who

although the result is never perfect, each having to be survived birth was nearly the same then as it is now.

compromised to some extent.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

and precise word or phrase? A) cited

A) abrasive B) disregarded

B) intelligible C) embodied

C) ubiquitous D) underscored

D) eligible

This text is excerpted from Lary Greenermeir, “Forget Passwords,” 2012 by Scientific American.

It seems like something out of a Robert Ludlum spy novel. Someone tries to coerce you into revealing your

computer security passwords. You might be tempted to give in, but it is impossible for you to reveal your

authentication credentials. You do not actually know them because they are safely buried deep within your

subconscious.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A) show that science and literature have more in common than most people realize.

B) explain a seemingly new technology by showing that it has actually been in use for years.

C) demonstrate that the technologies discussed in the article are too complex for most readers to

understand.

D) introduce the subject with a compelling hypothetical scenario.

The moon is thought to have formed more than four billion years ago, not long after Earth. There have been a

number of hypotheses on how it came to exist, but the most widely accepted explanation is that an impact

occurred between Earth and another object that was likely as big as Mars, which forced tons of material into

orbit. All that material then coalesced to form the moon. It is now in synchronous rotation, meaning the same

side of the moon always faces Earth. However, the far side of the moon may have faced Earth at one time. We

know from the age of the craters on the moon’s surface that it was hit repeatedly during the creation of the solar

system. If the moon had always faced the same way, it would have more craters on one side. Therefore, an

event—perhaps a collision with a large asteroid—must have spun the moon 180 degrees to its current

orientation.

Which choice best describes the function of the last sentence in the overall structure of the text?

A) suggest a possible explanation for the moon’s current orientation

B) emphasize the size of the moon’s craters

C) provide a new hypothesis for the creation of the moon

D) imply that the moon is in danger of colliding with another celestial body

Works of moral philosophy, such as Plato’s Republic or Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, are partly concerned with

how to live a morally good life. But philosopher Jonathan Barnes argues that works that present a method of

living such a life without also supplying a motive are inherently useful only to those already wishing to be morally

good—those with no desire for moral goodness will not choose to follow their rules. However, some works of

moral philosophy attempt to describe what constitutes a morally good life while also proposing reasons for living

one.

Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

A) It mentions two renowned works and then claims that despite their popularity it is impossible for these

works to serve the purpose their authors intended.

B) It summarizes the history of a field of thought by discussing two works and then proposes a topic of

further research for specialists in that field.

C) It describes two influential works and then explains why one is more widely read than the other.

D) It provides a characterization about a field of thought by noting two works in it and then details a way in

which some works in that field are more comprehensive than others.
The affairs of a great nation are complicated and momentous, and the degree of intelligence that superintends,

should be proportioned to the magnitude of the interests superintended. But in the possession of this attribute

of intelligence, elective legislators will never far surpass their electors. By a natural law, like that which regulates

the equilibrium of fluids, elector and elected, appointer and appointee, tend to the same level . . . [However],

political proselytism is no function of the school; all indoctrination into matters of controversy between hostile

political parties is to be elsewhere sought for, and elsewhere imparted. Thus, may all the children of the

Commonwealth receive instruction in the great essentials of political knowledge, in those elementary ideas

without which they will never be able to investigate more recondite and debatable questions—instead of

perpetuating old errors— not by violence, nor by proscription, but by the more copious inflowing of the light of

truth.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A. the functions of government do not coincide with the tasks of universal education.

B. administering a great nation requires education, but schooling should not be partisan.

C. universal education will make all citizens equal, thereby rendering legislators, as a specialized class,

unnecessary.

D. elected legislators should not be entrusted with the administration of education, because they tend to

politicize it.
Sharks are also contributing to medical research The possibilities of our technology are boundless. This

through studies of their immunological systems. While cell engineering will be essential for creating low-cost,

this research may result in saving human lives, sharks environmentally sustainable industrial chemicals,

do, at times, take lives. Each year about 25 to 30 shark medicines, biofuels, and crops. We’ve already used our

attacks on people are reported worldwide with the technologies to stockpile an H7N9 vaccine in response

victims either maimed or killed. The vast majority of to the 2013 influenza outbreak in China. Other

these attacks occur off the coast of Australia—only a applications include cars running on biofuel from

few occur off the coast of the United States. Research engineered microbes, plastics made from

on shark attacks may eventually lead to the biodegradable polymers, customized pharmaceuticals

development of an effective shark repellent. “printed” at a patient’s bedside. These are just a few

plausible benefits that could soon emerge from our

Which choice best states the main idea of the text? effort to understand life by creating it.

A) Most shark attacks occur off the coast of

Australia. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

B) On average, sharks kill fewer than 50 people a A) address the concerns about safety raised in

year. the previous paragraph.

C) Sharks are found in waters throughout the B) indicate the potential uses of the JCVI-syn1.0

world. cell.

D) Although sharks occasionally attack people, C) mention technologies that are made plausible

some medical treatments may come from by cell engineering.

research with sharks. D) list the recent accomplishments of cell

engineering in the field of medicine.

The Awakening is a 1899 novel by Kate Chopin. In the novel, it can be reasonably inferred that Adna refuses to
choose the music that Mademoiselle Reisz will play because she is uncomfortable with being treated differently

than the other guests.

Which quotation from the poem most effectively illustrates the claim?

A) “Edna was a trifle embarrassed at being thus signaled out for the imperious little woman’s favor.”

B) “Edna was what she herself called very fond of music.”

C) “She sometimes liked to sit in the room of mornings when Madame Ratignolle played or practiced.”

D) “One piece which that lady played Edna had entitled “Solitude.”
Something is rotten down on the farm. A recent General Accounting Office study found that the U.S. farm subsidy

program, a multibillion-dollar system of direct payments to American farmers, uses administrators who are

ill-trained and poorly monitored, and who give away millions of taxpayer dollars to farmers who are actually

ineligible for the program. This report should horrify lawmakers, but it probably won’t. From 1995 to 2002, the

United States Congress doled out more than $114 billion to farmers. Why? One misconception is that subsidies

are a boon to consumers because they lower food prices. Another myth is that subsidies increase exports, and

thereby benefit the American economy, by lowering the price of farm products and so making them more

attractive to foreign consumers. This ignores two realities. First, farm subsidies transfer wealth from taxpayers to

foreign consumers just as efficiently as they transfer wealth to domestic consumers. Second, farm subsidies are

actually harming American exporters.

If the author of the text were to use the data in the graph to support his main thesis, what would he most likely

mention?

A) the general decline in total farm subsidies from 2005 to 2012.

B) the overall rate of change in commodity subsidies from 1998 to 2012.

C) the expansion of crop insurance subsidies from the late 1990s to the late 2000s.

D) the sudden spike in disaster subsidies from 2004 to 2005.

Perhaps one of the most recognizable qualities of the peregrine falcon is the reverse sexual dimorphism that it

exhibits across genders. Females tend to be much larger and much more aggressive than males, traits common

in insects but seldom seen in the avian world. It is not uncommon to see the female of the species chasing a

male, particularly when there is a conflict over hunting or resting territory. When determining sex, pay attention

to wingspan from roughly 13 to 20 months of age: _____________________________

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?

A) the average female’s wings will measure 19-23 inches while the average male’s will measure roughly

25-41 inches.

B) the average female’s wingspan will measure an inch or two more than the average male’s wingspan.

C) the average male’s wingspan will measure exactly 25-41 inches while the average female’s wingspan will

measure exactly 19-23 inches.

D) the average female’s wingspan will measure roughly 25-41 inches while the average male’s will measure

roughly 19-23 inches.

According to the last pre-election poll in Whippleton, most voters believe that the three problems government

needs to address, in order of importance, are pollution, crime, and unemployment. Yet in the election, candidates

from parties perceived as strongly against pollution were defeated, while those elected were all from parties with

a history of opposing legislation designed to reduce pollution. These results should not be taken to indicate that

the poll was inaccurate, however, since __________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) some voters in Whippleton do not believe that pollution needs to be reduced.

B) every candidate who was defeated had a strong antipollution record.

C) there were no issues other than crime, unemployment, and pollution on which the candidates had

significant differences of opinion.

D) all the candidates who were elected were perceived as being stronger against both crime and

unemployment than the candidates who were defeated.

In this era of blogging, news websites, and personalized Twitter feeds, most of us believe that we have more

choice than ever _________ our news. But unless you’re particularly savvy about the world of journalism, you might

be surprised to learn how few choices we really have.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) in how we get

B) with getting

C) of the way we get

D) of getting
Our brains constantly work to find cause-and effect patterns in the world. When something strange happens that

we can’t explain, or seems to contradict what we already believe, we get an uncomfortable feeling known as

“cognitive dissonance.” We reflexively fill this gap in knowledge with the explanations that are most easily

available to us. We are willful beings surrounded by other willful beings, and every conscious moment of our lives

is filled with a sense of “agency,” _____________ . Therefore, we imagine tiny beings living in wood, or vaporous

spirits roaming the clouds that do strange or harmful things when we displease them. Willful agency is our

“default” explanation.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) that is: intentional action

B) that is, intentional action

C) which is what intentional action is

D) which is: intentional action

Our brains are creative. They can design buildings, compose music, and _______ scientific theories. But this

creativity is sometimes hard to discipline, and so we are susceptible to strange thoughts and superstitions. Many

of these, like blessing people when they sneeze, are harmless if not quaint. Others are sad and bizarre, such as

the belief in shape-lifting. In 2014, villagers in Nigeria brought a goat into a police station, accusing it of being a

witch that had attempted to steal a car and then changed into a goat.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) can formulate

B) also can formulate

C) have formulated

D) Formulate
Although superstitious explanations relieve our cognitive dissonance, they can also lead to tragedy. In 2014,

people in Paraguay and Tanzania were killed because locals accused them of witchcraft.

______________________________ . Superstitions are also not harmless when they impede the pursuit of science,

placing obstacles in the way of medical and technological breakthroughs that can improve the human condition.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) Some superstitious parents have even beaten or disowned their own children because their strange

behavior is attributed to demonic possession

B) Some superstitious parents, believing that any strange behavior is a sign of demonic possession, have

even beaten or disowned their own children.

C) Even beating or disowning their own children, many superstitious parents attribute their strange

behavior to demonic possession.

D) Some superstitious parents, believing that their strange behavior is a sign of demonic possession, have

even beaten or disowned their own children.

Even scientists sometimes forget how essential Some people claim that global warming is part of a

skepticism, particularly self-skepticism, is to the partisan “left-wing” plot or a ploy by the scientific

scientific process. But scientific skepticism is driven by community to ensure funding for yet another “Chicken

evidence, not agenda. Today, the field of climatology Little” scare. Others suggest that attempts to reduce

seems to have more than its share of skeptics, greenhouse gas emissions by changing energy or land

debating _______________________. use policies _____________ tens to hundreds of billions of

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to dollars annually. Some even suggest that they are

the conventions of Standard English? really part of an international conspiracy to undermine

A) a warming planet and the things that should America’s competitiveness in the global marketplace.

be done by us about it, if anything Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

B) what should be done about a warming planet, the conventions of Standard English?

if we should A) would provide a needless cost of the American

C) what, if anything, we should do about a taxpayer of

warming planet B) would be needless in costing the American

D) the things we should do about a warming taxpayer

planet, if we should C) would needlessly cost the American taxpayer

D) is a needless cost to the American taxpayer of

Having an honest and productive conversation about global warming ________ an educated public. When we, as

public citizens, become more informed about the science of climatology, we become less susceptible to political

sniping and to “consensus” as an argument. Furthermore, we become more adept at evaluating the facts and

theories at the heart of the matter. Most important, perhaps, we become better able to make good decisions

about the future of our nation and our planet

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) requires

B) requires the need for

C) requires our being

D) require having

Although the Web abounds with gossip, partisanship, and fear-mongering from many major outlets, and

conspiracy theorists on the fringe, the careful viewer can also find thoughtful analysis and civilized debate of the

issues. Sites like ProPublica, FactCheck.org, and NPR provide in-depth, nonprofit, public-supported journalism

that is less influenced by any corporate or political agenda. _______ sensationalism sells, and the media

conglomerates have mastered the art. As the first great American media mogul, William Randolph Hearst, said,

“If you want the public in sufficient numbers, construct a highway. Advertising is that highway.” Without large

advertising and lobbying budgets, these nonpartisan repositories of journalism will have a difficult time

competing with the big boys.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) Therefore,

B) Still,

C) Lastly,

D) In summary,
Have you ever knocked on wood to dodge a jinx? Do A diva, in demand all around the world, travels from

you avoid stepping on cracks in the sidewalk? Do you one venue to another: she must develop the ability to

feel uneasy about the number 13? Most of us realize adapt to new companies and singers. She needs not

that these rituals are based on ancient and discredited only to cultivate her voice but also to attain the stamina

beliefs, but we can’t so easily rid our minds of of a trained athlete. It is, _________ not surprising that a

superstitious thinking. Every culture has its own true diva has a low tolerance for others’ incompetence

superstitious beliefs, ____ now anthropologists and and can lash out and make starling demands,

psychologists are beginning to understand why. especially when others do not live up to her high

expectations.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition? Which choice completes the text with the most logical

A) and transition?

B) for A) therefore,

C) so B) however,

D) while C) accordingly,

D) nonetheless,

Although Maria Callas has now been dead for almost fifty years, she is still regarded as the greatest diva in the

realm of opera. She could succeed resoundingly in traditional romantic soprano roles, but she was also able to lift

her voice into the higher octaves required by Gioachino Rossini’s famed musical compositions. No soprano was

expected to do that; _______ no soprano before Callas had ever tried.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A) thereby,

B) nevertheless,

C) however,

D) indeed,
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 2013, paleontology professor Hesham Sallam and his students from Mansoura University in Egypt

made a discovery.

● The team found a partial dinosaur skeleton at a site in Egypt’s Dakhla Oasis.

● The skeleton belonged to a dinosaur species that lived approximately 80 million years ago.

● The new species was named Mansourasaurus to recognize the team that discovered it.

The student wants to explain the origin of the species’ name. Which choice most effectively uses relevant

information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A) The new species was named Mansourasaurus to recognize the team that discovered it, a professor and

students from Mansoura University.

B) Mansourasaurus, a species that lived approximately 80 million years ago, was discovered in 2013 by

Egyptian paleontologist Hesham Sallam and a team of university students.

C) Mansourasaurus, a new species discovered in Egypt in 2013, lived approximately 80 million years ago.

D) A partial dinosaur skeleton found in Egypt’s Dakhla Oasis belonged to a species named Mansourasaurus.
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Severo Ochoa discovered the enzyme PNPase in 1955.

● PNPase is involved in both the creation and degradation of mRNA.

● Ochoa incorrectly hypothesized that PNPase provides the genetic blueprints for mRNA.

● The discovery of PNPase proved critical to deciphering the human genetic code.

● Deciphering the genetic code has led to a better understanding of how genetic variations affect human

health.

The student wants to emphasize the significance of Ochoa’s discovery. Which choice most effectively uses

relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Ochoa’s 1955 discovery of PNPase proved critical to deciphering the human genetic code, leading to a

better understanding of how genetic variations affect human health.

B. Ochoa first discovered PNPase, an enzyme that he hypothesized contained the genetic blueprints for

mRNA, in 1955.

C. In 1955, Ochoa discovered the PNPase enzyme, which is involved in both the creation and degradation of

mRNA.

D. Though his discovery of PNPase was critical to deciphering the human genetic code, Ochoa incorrectly

hypothesized that the enzyme was the source of mRNA’s genetic blueprints.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

 Reading and Writing
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer

The question of forgery in photography has lately There has been much hand-wringing about how

become nontrivial. Prices for vintage prints (those unprepared American students are for college. Graff

made by a photographer soon after he or she made reverses this perspective, suggesting that colleges are

the negative) so drastically ballooned in the 1990s that unprepared for students. In his analysis, the university

one of these photographs might fetch a hundred times culture is largely _________ entering students because

as much as a non vintage print of the same image. It academic culture fails to make connections to the kinds

was perhaps only a matter of time before someone of arguments and cultural references that students

took advantage of the __________ to peddle newly grasp. Understandably, many students view academic

created “vintage” prints for profit. life as an arcane ritual.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical Which choice completes the text with the most logical

and precise word or phrase? and precise word or phrase?

A) discrepancy A) primed for

B) ambiguity B) opaque to

C) duplicity C) essential for

D) forgery D) urgent to
Newborn babies are perfectly solipsistic , as yet unable Historically, arguments against women’s suffrage ran

to be concerned for others, or even to understand a the gamut from the claim that women would cancel

difference between themselves and the world around out their husbands’ votes to the charge that women

them. As young children mature, they make the would merely ___________ their husbands’ preferences,

__________ discovery that other people exist and have thus making their votes redundant. Such arguments,

their own needs and desires—in other words, that the while once convincing, today seem shabby indeed.

entire world is not about them.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

and precise word or phrase? A) override

A) arresting B) ape

B) selfish C) disclaim

C) undue D) proclaim

D) quixotic
Text 1

In many instances, the study of life on Earth ultimately involves the study of the molecules of which living

organisms are composed. How does photosynthesis convert the energy of sunlight into the energy of sugar

molecules? What is the structure of the cell membrane, and how does it function in controlling the movement of

materials into and out of the cell? How do muscles contract? How do the nerve cells in your brain communicate

with one another? What causes cancer? To understand the answers to these questions, you must first learn about

energy and matter, the properties of atoms, and how atoms interact with one another to form molecules.

Text 2

For centuries the idea that photosynthesis supports the earth’s biosystem had been fun damental to our

understanding of life on Earth. If the sun went out, we assumed, life would soon follow. Yet in the 1970s,

scientists discovered organisms thriving in deep-sea hydrothermal vents far from any light energy required for

photosynthesis. These organisms relied on bacteria that harvest energy not from light but from the chemical

bonds in sulfides and other molecules that poured from the heat vents. This process is called chemosynthesis.

Other organisms eat these bacteria or house the living bacteria in their tissues. Such relationships mirror the

myriad complex relationships we see in the photosynthetic food chain, in which bacteria are either consumed or

co-opted by organisms to aid in breaking down or synthesizing chemicals that the organisms’ own tissues cannot.

Which of the five questions posed in Text 1 is most relevant to the discussion in Text 2?

A) How does photosynthesis convert the energy of sunlight into the energy of sugar molecules?

B) What is the structure of the cell membrane, and how does it function in controlling the movement of

materials into and out of the cell?

C) How do muscles contract?

D) How do the nerve cells in your brain communicate with one another?
More employers should consider the advantages of a telecommuting arrangement. It allows employers to hire

people who otherwise would not be available. This includes parents with small children, the physically disabled,

and people living far from urban centers. Plus, it allows for a more globalized business, since the company can

employ people in all parts of the world, regardless of location or time zone. According to a recent poll,

approximately one in five workers telecommutes frequently, and nearly 10 percent never set foot in a traditional

office.

Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) virtual offices are not confined to the home

B) living far from urban centers is no longer a problem

C) telecommuting has numerous benefits

D) globalized businesses are more lucrative

Nitrogen-fixing organisms include a relatively small number of algae and bacteria. Many of them live free in the

soil, but the most important ones are bacteria that form close symbiotic relationships with higher plants.

Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as the Rhizobia, for instance, live and work in nodules on the roots of

peas, beans, alfalfa and other legumes. These bacteria manufacture an enzyme that enables them to convert

gaseous nitrogen directly into plant usable forms. Lightning may also indirectly transform atmospheric nitrogen

into nitrates, which rain onto soil. Quantifying the rate of natural nitrogen fixation prior to human alternations of

the cycle is difficult but necessary for evaluating the impacts of human-driven changes to the global cycling of

nitrogen. The standard unit of measurement for analyzing the global nitrogen cycle is the telegram (abbreviated

Tg), which is equal to a million metric tons of nitrogen. Worldwide, lightning, for instance, fixes less than 10 Tg of

nitrogen per year-maybe even less than 5 Tg. Microbes are the major natural suppliers of new biologically

available nitrogen. Before the widespread planting of legume crops, terrestrial organisms probably fixed between

90 and 140 Tg of nitrogen per year. A reasonable upper bound for the rate of natural nitrogen fixation on land is

thus about 140 Tg of nitrogen per year.

According to the text, what is the main purpose of quantifying natural nitrogen fixation?

A) To support claims about the consequence of human enterprise on nitrogen fixation rates.

B) To establish a unit of measurement to provide a baseline for fixed rates of nitrogen.

C) To provide examples of the impacts on nitrogen release from lightning and microbes

D) To caution readers about the environmental effects of nitrogen release on the ecosystem
This text is excerpted from Henry James, “Daisy Miller: A Study,” originally published in 1879. The following scene
describes the meeting of two Americans in a Swiss village.

Winterbourne reflected for an instant as lucidly as possible- “we” could only mean Miss Daisy Miller and himself.

This program seemed almost too agreeable for credence; he felt as if he ought to kiss the young lady’s hand.

Possibly he would have done so and quite spoiled the project, but at this moment another person, presumably

Eugenio, appeared. A tall, handsome man, with superb whiskers, wearing a velvet morning coat and a brilliant

watch chain, approached Miss Miller, looking sharply at her companion. “Oh, Eugenio!” said Miss Miller with the

friendliest accent.

According to the reaction between Miss Miller and Winterbourne, what is true about Winterbourne?

A) Winterbourne feels comfortable expressing his feelings for Miss Miller.

B) Winterbourne is afraid of ruining the plan to go to the castle with Miss Miller.

C) Winterbourne is engaging with Miss Miller only in order to be polite.

D) Winterbourne has reservations about joining Miss Miller to the castle.

On the Education of Youth in America is a 1790 essay by North Webster. In this essay, the author considers the
books in the U.S. educational system improper because they fail to teach ideas that are useful to U.S. citizens.

Which quotation from the poem most effectively illustrates the claim?

A) “The collections which are now used consist of essays that respect foreign and ancient nations.”

B) “boys are constantly repeating the declamations of Demosthenes and Cicero, or debates upon some

political question in the British Parliament.”

C) “These are excellent specimens of good sense, polished stile and perfect oratory; but they are not

interesting in children.”

D) ”He should read books that furnish him with ideas that will be useful to him in life and practice.”
 Phases of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development in Mouse and Human Embryos, in Days

Adapted from Hanna Mikkola and Stuart Orkin, “The Journey of Developing Hematopoietic Stem Cells.” Ⓒ2006 by
The Company of Biologists Limited.
Goodell and colleagues constructed a model of the HSC self renewal cycle: quiescent HSCs maintain a “state of

readiness”, molecularly speaking, that allows a quick response to environmental triggers. A stressor (like the

chemotherapy mentioned above) triggers. A stressor (like the chemotherapy mentioned above) triggers a

“prepare to proliferate” state-a kind of pregnant pause- and then the proliferation machinery kicks in, going

through an early and late phase before quiescence returns. By shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of

stem cell renewal, this study will aid efforts to develop stem-cell-based clinical therapies, which depend on

replicating the HSC self renewal cycle to replenish diseased or damaged tissue, and will ultimately guide efforts to

grow stem cell colonies outside the body, a long-standing goal that would have many clinical applications.

Which choice best describes the data from the figure that support the author’s description of the stem cell

renewal process?

A) It establishes that stem cells go through a short period of quiescence before returning to a prolonged

state of proliferation.

B) It indicates that the stem cell renewal process occurs rapidly before birth but then slows down

considerably after birth.

C) It shows how stem cells go through a phase of rapid proliferation before returning to a state of

quiescence.

D) It clarifies how stem cells could be used to help repair damaged tissues in various clinical situations.
Many industrialized nations are trying to reduce Fast‐food restaurants make up 45 percent of all

atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, a gas restaurants in Canatria. Customers at these restaurants

released by the burning of fossil fuels. One proposal is tend to be young; in fact, studies have shown that the

to replace conventional cement, which is made with older people get, the less likely they are to eat in

calcium carbonate, by a new “eco‐cement.” This new fast‐food restaurants. Since the average age of the

cement, made with magnesium carbonate, absorbs Canatrian population is gradually rising and will

large amounts of carbon dioxide when exposed to the continue to do so, the number of fast‐food restaurants

atmosphere. Therefore, using eco‐cement for new is likely to decrease.

concrete building projects will significantly help reduce

atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the

argument?

Which finding, if true, would most directly strengthen A) Fast‐food restaurants in Canatria are getting

the argument? bigger, so each one can serve more customers.

A) The cost of magnesium carbonate, currently B) Some older people eat at fast‐food restaurants

greater than the cost of calcium carbonate, more frequently than the average young

probably will fall as more magnesium person.

carbonate is used in cement manufacture. C) Many people who rarely eat in fast‐food

B) Eco‐cement is strengthened when absorbed restaurants nevertheless eat regularly in

carbon dioxide reacts with the cement. restaurants.

C) Before the development of eco‐cement, D) The overall population of Canatria is growing

magnesium‐based cement was considered too steadily.

susceptible to water erosion to be of practical

use.

D) The manufacture of eco‐cement uses

considerably less fossil fuel per unit of cement

than the manufacture of conventional cement

does.
By competing with rodents for seeds, black ants help The attribution of the choral work Lacrimae to the
control rodent populations that pose a public health composer Pescard (1400–1474) has been regarded as
risk. However, a very aggressive species of black ant, tentative, since it was based on a single treatise from
the Loma ant, which has recently invaded a certain the early 1500s that named Pescard as the composer.
region, has a venomous sting that is often fatal to Recently, several musical treatises from the late 1500s
humans. Therefore, the planned introduction into that have come to light, all of which name Pescard as the
region of ant flies, which prey on Loma ants, would composer of Lacrimae . Unfortunately, these newly
benefit public health, since ________. discovered treatises lend no support to the attribution

of Lacrimae to Pescard, since ________.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) ant flies do not attack black ants other than Which choice most logically completes the text?
Loma ants A) the treatise from the early 1500s misidentifies
B) Loma ants are less effective than many bird the composers of some of the musical works it
species in competing with rodents for seeds considers
C) certain other species of black ants are more B) the author of the treatise from the early 1500s
effective than Loma ants in competing with had no very strong evidence on which to base
rodents for seeds the identification of Pescard as the composer
D) the sting of Loma ants can also be fatal to of Lacrimae
rodents C) there are works that can conclusively be

attributed to Pescard that are not even

mentioned in the treatise from the early 1500s

D) the later treatises probably had no source for

their attribution other than the earlier treatise

Pecan growers get a high price for their crop when Bohemia is a landlocked country in central _____________

pecans are comparatively scarce, but the price drops from Vienna by the Austrian Hapsburgs. Today it

sharply when pecans are abundant. Thus, in high‐yield comprises a major part of the modern Czech Republic,

years, growers often hold back part of their crop in and its largest city, Prague, serves as the nation’s

refrigerated warehouses for one or two years, hoping capital. Bohemia is also another, less clearly defined

for higher prices in the future. This year’s pecan crop country, a country of the mind. This Bohemia in fact

was the smallest in five years. It is nonetheless quite derives from misconceptions about the true Bohemia

possible that a portion of this year’s crop will be held that go back as far as Shakespeare, who designated

back, since ________. Bohemia as the land of gypsies and the spiritual

habitation of artists.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) each of the last two years produced record Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

breaking pecan yields the conventions of SE?

B) the quality of this year’s pecan crop is no A) Europe, and until 1918 they were ruled

worse than the quality of the pecan crops of B) Europe, until 1918 it was ruled

the previous five years C) Europe, which, until 1918, was ruled

C) pecan prices have not been subject to sharp D) Europe, having been, until 1918, ruled

fluctuations in recent years

D) the practice of holding back part of one year’s

crop had not yet become widespread the last

time the pecan crop was as small as it was this

year
By 1843, when Michael William Balfe’s opera The In November 1849, a dramatized version of Murger’s

Bohemian Girl premiered in London, the term Latin Quarter tales was staged in Paris with the title La

Bohemian ___________ any wandering or vagabond soul, Vie de Bohème. So extraordinarily successful _________

who need not have been associated with the arts. The that the stories themselves were published as Scènes

Parisian poet Henry Murger clinched the term’s special de la Vie de Bohème. The public’s appetite was whetted

association with the life of artists. and a popular cult of the gypsy artist was underway.

Murger’s volume of stories became the textbook for

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the artistic life throughout the late nineteenth and

the conventions of SE? early twentieth centuries.

A) would come to mean

B) had come to mean Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

C) came to have meant the conventions of SE?

D) had meant A) did this prove

B) was this proven

C) this was proved

D) this proved

Divas are no longer what they used to be. Originally, the term “diva” (from a Latin word for “goddess”) was used

only in the circles of classical opera, and was applied to the leading female singer in an opera company. Later, it

was used as a term to separate the really thrilling stars of this genre from the merely good performers of leading

roles. However, the word is now more generally applied to any highly visible performer and refers not only to her

onstage performing ability, ______________ temperamental, headline-grabbing performances away from the

theater. Such a “diva” often behaves in a manner at best imperious, at worst spoiled.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of SE?

A) but also for her

B) and also to her

C) but also to her

D) but also because of her

Nor was the telephone regarded as a substitute for writing a letter. Even at Christmas, when I was allowed to

telephone my Grandma and Grandpa to wish them a Merry Christmas and thank them for the card they had sent

me, I was still expected to write a letter of thanks and to post it later in the week. Fortunately, I could write the

letter and post it in the mailbox somewhat at leisure, since the Post Office could be depended on to deliver it _____

a day.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of SE?

A) around

B) within

C) under

D) about

Nowadays, communication has become a matter of Does the human consciousness simply self-extinguish

sending texts and posting about your life on Facebook, at the point of death? This is a question that

Twitter, and Instagram. You walk down any street and ______________________ The Greek philosopher Aristotle

weave through an army of iPhone users marching made clear links between two concepts that can help to

steadfastly and blindly towards you. With dexterous answer this question, the “existence” and the “essence,”

thumbs, they flick their way through recently-posted in his Metaphysics.

messages and then _________ out replies.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of SE?

the conventions of SE? A) has interested scientists, theologians, baffled

A) precede in tapping occultists and philosophers throughout the

B) precede to tap ages.

C) proceed in tapping B) is interesting to scientists and theologians as

D) proceed to tap well as baffles occultists and philosophers.

C) has interested and is baffling to scientists and

theologians, occultists and, philosophers.

D) has interested and baffled scientists,

theologians, occultists and philosophers.

Years ago, there was a complicated, delicate etiquette Friendship is about much more than accessibility.

that governed telephone conversation. ______ one When two people are in a relationship, they need to

avoided using the telephone at meal times. Early in the heed both a need for privacy ____ a need to share. My

morning, the person one was contacting might still be true love does not need me to be constantly in contact

in bed: late at night, the same person might have so that I can tell him that I am on the train or pass on

already gone to bed. to him every wild thought that passess through my

Which choice completes the text with the most logical head every second of the day.

transition? Which choice completes the text with the most logical

A) Because transition?

B) Thereafter A) and

C) Despite this, B) yet

D) For instance, C) or

D) plus

Unlike the canonical views of life and consciousness Annually, the 14th of July marks the start of what the

that originate with Aristotle, the views of occultists are French call “the great escape.” July 14th is Bastille Day,

usually considered heretical. Many occultists seek to the celebration of a 1790 attempt to liberate French

harmonize and manipulate a quality that recalls political prisoners. (It turned out that there were only

Aristotle’s “essence”—the soul or spirit, as commonly seven old men held in the Bastille prison, and their

understood—in order to benefit the “existence.” A escape was plodding and drawn out.) in any case, this

focus on “essence” is, arguably, especially prevalent in event marked the beginning of modern France, ____ it

Asian intellectual history; such a focus is ___ bound up was for this reason that, in 1880, Bastille Day was

with inquiries involving the supernatural. named a national holiday—rather like Independence

Day in the United States.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition? Which choice completes the text with the most logical

A) as transition?

B) also A) and

C) yet B) moreover,

D) consequently C) however

D) but
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In the late 1890s, over 14,000 unique varieties of apples were grown in the US.

● The rise of industrial agriculture in the mid-1900s narrowed the range of commercially grown crops.

● Thousands of apple varieties considered less suitable for commercial growth were lost.

● Today, only 15 apple varieties dominate the market, making up 90% of apples purchased in the US.

● The Lost Apple Project, based in Washington State, attempts to find and grow lost apple varieties.

The student wants to emphasize the decline in unique apple varieties in the US and specify why this decline

occurred. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish these goals?

A. The Lost Apple Project is dedicated to finding some of the apple varieties lost following a shift in

agricultural practices in the mid-1900s.

B. While over 14,000 apple varieties were grown in the US in the late 1890s, only 15 unique varieties make

up most of the apples sold today.

C. Since the rise of industrial agriculture, US farmers have mainly grown the same few unique apple

varieties, resulting in the loss of thousands of varieties less suitable for commercial growth.

D. As industrial agriculture rose to prominence in the mid-1900s, the number of crops selected for

cultivation decreased dramatically.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

 For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

● If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer
 𝑐 = 3𝑛 + 40

The equation above gives the cost 𝑐 , in dollars, of the

materials and tools Kyla used to make 𝑛 toy cars to sell

at a craft fair. If the cost of her materials and tools was

$115, how many toy cars did Kyla make?

A) 40

B) 35

C) 30

D) 25
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥) is the parabola shown in the 𝑥𝑦

-plane. If 𝑓 (𝑎) = 0, what is the value of 𝑎?

𝑥− 7= 7 A) -9
What value of 𝑥 satisfies the given equation? B) -3
A) 0 C) 3
B) 14 D) 9
C) 42

D) 56
The distance 𝑑, in feet, traveled by a falling object 𝑡 A rental-company manager is supplying chairs and

seconds after the object is dropped can be modeled by umbrellas for a pool party that 90 guests will attend.

the equation 𝑑 = 16𝑡 . Which of the following The manager will provide enough chairs for at least
2 2
3

expresses the number of seconds after the object is of the guests and umbrellas for at most of the
2
3

dropped in terms of the distance traveled? guests, where each umbrella shades 3 guests. Which of

A) 𝑡 = the following systems represents the number of chairs,

4
𝑑
𝑐 , and the number of umbrellas, 𝑢, that the manager
B) 𝑡 =
𝑑
will provide for the party?
4

C) 𝑡 =
4
𝑑
2
A) 𝑐 ≤ 60

D) 𝑡 =
2
𝑑
𝑢 ≥ 20
4
B) 𝑐 ≥ 60

𝑢 ≥ 20

C) 𝑐 ≤ 60

𝑢 ≤ 20

D) 𝑐 ≥ 60

𝑢 ≤ 20
1
2
𝑥 − 700 = 0

What value of 𝑥 satisfies the equation above?

 (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 5)

The given expression is equivalent to 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ,

2

where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. What is the value of 𝑏?

The graph (not shown) of a linear function ℎ, where

The function 𝑝 is defined by 𝑝(ℎ) = 2ℎ + ℎ . If 𝑘 >− 2
2
𝑦 = ℎ(𝑥), is a line completely contained in only
and 𝑝(𝑘 ) = 𝑝(− 2), what is the value of 𝑘 ?
quadrants I and II. Which of the following could define
A) -1
the function ℎ?
B) 0
A) ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 3
C) 1
B) ℎ(𝑥) = 3𝑥
D) 2
C) ℎ(𝑥) = 3

D) ℎ(𝑥) =− 3

The total volume of the water in the five Great Lakes is A certain new car depreciates by 20% during each of its

5,439 cubic miles. The lakes have volumes of 116 cubic 5 years of ownership. If 𝑉 0 represents the value of the

miles, 393 cubic miles, 850 cubic miles, 𝑥 cubic miles, car when purchased and 𝑡 represents the number of
and 𝑦 cubic miles, where 𝑥 > 𝑦. Which of the following years since it was purchased, which of the following
equations represents the relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦? functions, 𝑉 (𝑡), can be used to approximate the value
A) 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6, 798 of the car for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 5?
B) A)
𝑡
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4, 080 𝑉 (𝑡) = 𝑉 0(0. 20)
C) 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6, 798 B) 𝑉 (𝑡) = 𝑉 0(1. 20)
𝑡

D) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4, 080 C) 𝑉 (𝑡) = 𝑉 0(0. 80)

𝑡

D) 𝑉 (𝑡) = 𝑉 0(1. 80)

𝑡
In the 𝑥𝑦-plane, a circle has center (0,0) and radius 2.

Which of the following is an equation of this circle?

A)
2 2
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0

B)
2 2
𝑥 +𝑦 = 4

C)
2 2
(𝑥 + 2 ) + (𝑦 + 2 ) = 0

D) (𝑥 + 2) + (𝑦 + 2) = 4
2 2

Line 𝑙 is show in the 𝑥𝑦-plane above. Which of the

following is an equation of line 𝑙?

A) 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6

B) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6

C) 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 6

D) 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 6

Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is similar to triangle 𝑊𝑋𝑌 (not shown), 3𝑥 + 5 + 𝑥 = 2(2𝑥 + 𝑏)

where ∠𝐶 corresponds to ∠𝑌. What is the tangent of ∠𝑌 In the equation above, 𝑏 is constant. If the equation has
? infinitely many solutions, what is the value of 𝑏?
A) 3 2

B) 3

C) 1

D)
3
3 2
 The figure above represents a right circular cone with

radius 𝑟 and height ℎ. A second right circular cone has

8 times the volume as the cone shown. Which of the

following could be the dimensions of the second cone?

Which of the following is an equation of the graph (The volume of a cone with base radius 𝑟 and height ℎ
shown? is π𝑟 ℎ.)
1 2
3

A) A) Radius = 2𝑟, height = 2ℎ

𝑥
𝑦 =3

B) B) Radius = 2𝑟, height = 4ℎ

𝑥
𝑦 =3 + 1

C) C) Radius = 4𝑟, height = ℎ

𝑥
𝑦 =2

D) 𝑦 = 2 + 1 D) Radius = 4𝑟, height = 4ℎ

𝑥

If 38 = 11 + 3𝑥, what is the value of 𝑥? 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 22

A) 9 − 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 =− 66

B) 13 If (𝑥, 𝑦) is the solution of the system above, what is the

C) 22 value of 𝑦?

D) 27

1 1 1
𝑡
+ 18−𝑡
= 4
What is one possible value of 𝑡 that satisfies the equation above?
The table above shows the number of birthdays in each of the four seasons for the students in a class. If 16

students’ birthdays are in the summer or autumn, what is the value of 𝑥?

𝑥+ 𝑦 = 7

𝑥− 𝑦 = 1

If (𝑥, 𝑦) is the solution to the system of equations above, what is the value of 𝑥?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module

in the test.
Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

 For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

● If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer
A store charges $4.00 per pound for apricots. At this At 1:00 p.m., the population of bacteria in a liquid

rate, what will the store charge for 2.5 pounds of medium is 80 thousand. The population doubles every

apricots? 40 minutes. If the population at 5:00 p.m. wil be 𝑛

A) $6.00 thousand, what is the value of 𝑛 ?

B) $8.00

C) $10.00

D) $12.00

A messenger delivered 10 packages on Monday before (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) = 0

11 a.m. and 4 packages per hour after 11 a.m. In which Which of the following is NOT a value of 𝑥 that satisfies

of the following equations does 𝑝 represent the total the equation above?

number of packages the messenger had delivered on A) 0

Monday ℎ hours after 11 a.m.? B) 1

A) 𝑝 = 40ℎ C) 2

B) 𝑝 = 14ℎ D) 3

C) 𝑝 = 4 + 10ℎ

D) 𝑝 = 10 + 4ℎ
The line graph below shows the percentage of US

workers who walk to work based on census data

collected in the years 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010.

The graph above shows the atmospheric pressure, in

Of the following time periods, which had the greatest hectopascals (hPa), for a town in Australia over a

average yearly decrease in the percentage of workers 72-hour period. Based on the graph, which of the

who walk to work? following statements is (are) true?

A) 1980 to 2010 I. The minimum atmospheric pressure occurred

B) 1980 to 1990 during the first 24 hours of the time period.

C) 1990 to 2000 II. The atmospheric pressure 36 hours into the

D) 2000 to 2010 time period was greater than the atmospheric

pressure at the end of the time period.

A) Neither I nor II

B) I only

C) II only
A class 𝑋 cargo ship can hold a maximum of 18,000
D) Both I and II
standard containers. A class X cargo ship can hold 20%

more containers than a class 𝑌 cargo ship. How many

more containers can a class 𝑋 cargo ship hold than a

class 𝑌 cargo ship?

An object moves along a straight path away from a starting point. The distance 𝑦, in meters, of the object from its

starting point after 𝑥 seconds is shown in the graph below.

Which of the following is true?

A) The object traveled farther during the period 0 < 𝑥 < 5 than during the period 5 < 𝑥 < 10.

B) The object traveled farther during the period 5 < 𝑥 < 10 than during the period 0 < 𝑥 < 5.

C) The object traveled the same distance during the period 0 < 𝑥 < 5 as during the period 5 < 𝑥 < 10.

D) The distance the object traveled during the periods 0 < 𝑥 < 5 and 5 < 𝑥 < 10 cannot be determined

from the graph.

The table below shows the number of each type of

string instrument played at a high school orchestra

concert and the number of each type owned or

rented.

What fractions of the violins played at the concert

were rented?
 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 24 For the function 𝑓 , if 𝑓 (𝑧) = 3𝑧, which of the following

is equivalent to 𝑓 (𝑧 − 2)?
2 8
− 3
𝑥+ 9
𝑦 = 𝑚

In the system of equations above, 𝑚 is a constant. If A) − 3𝑧

the system has more than one solution, what is the B) 3𝑧 − 2

value of 𝑚? C) 3𝑧 − 6

A) −
8 D) − 3𝑧 + 6
3

B)
1
− 3

C)
2
3

D)
8
3

The distribution of the number of days served in office The table below shows the number of each type of

by the first 43 presidents of the United States has a string instrument played at a high school orchestra

mean of approximately 1,900 days. The ninth concert and the number of each type owned or rented.

president, William Henry Harrison, served only 31 days,

the fewest number of days as presidents. What would

be the effect on the mean of the distribution if the

number of days William Henry Harrison served is

removed from the data?

A) The mean would decrease.

B) The mean would increase. An additional 4 cellos and 𝑥 basses were played at the

C) The mean would be unchanged. next concert. If the ratio of cellos to basses was the

D) The effect on the mean cannot be determined. same for both concerts, what is the value of 𝑥 ?
In the figure above, sides 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐷 of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐷 The shaded region shown above represents the

are extended to points 𝐶 and 𝐸 , respectively. If 𝑦 = 72, solution to which of the following systems of

what is the value of 𝑥? inequalities?

A) 𝑦 < 𝑥

A) 104 𝑦 ≤ 4

B) 108 B) 𝑦 < 𝑥

C) 112 𝑦 ≥ 4

D) 148 C) 𝑦 > 𝑥

𝑦 ≤ 4

D) 𝑦 > 𝑥

𝑦 ≥ 4
 A polling agency conducted a survey about public

opinion on car-sharing services. The agency surveyed a

random sample of adult residents from the three large

cities in the United States and reported that 73%

support car-sharing services, with an associated

margin of error of 4%. Based on the study design, what

is the largest population to which these survey results

can be generalized?

A) All adult residents of the United States

Miranda jogged home from a friend’s house along a
B) All adult residents or large cities in the United
straight path without making any stops. The graph
States
above gives Miranda’s distance 𝐷, in miles, from home
C) All adult residents who support car-sharing
as a function of the time 𝑡, in minutes, after she left her
services
friend’s house. Which of the following statements is
D) All adult residents of the three large cities in
true about Miranda’s job home?
the survey
A) Miranda’s speed, in miles per minute,

decreased at a constant rate.

B) After jogging for approximately 2.5 miles,

Miranda was 30 minutes from home. 2𝑥−6

2
𝑥 −𝑥 −6
C) Miranda’s distance from home decreased at a
Which of the following expressions is equivalent to the
constant rate of 12 miles per minute.
expression for 𝑥 > 5?
D) Miranda’s distance from home decreased at a
A)
1

constant rate of 1 mile per 12 minutes.

𝑥 +1

B)
1
𝑥 −2

C)
2
𝑥 −1

D)
2
𝑥 +2
 3𝑥 = 6𝑦 + 8 A data set consists of 50 positive values, and the mean

In the 𝑥𝑦-plane, the graph of which of the following of the data is 𝑚. A new data set is made by increasing

equations is perpendicular to the graph of the each value in the origin data set by 8. Which of the

equation above? following represents the mean of the new data set in

A) 𝑦 =− 2𝑥 + 10 terms of 𝑚 ?

B) A)
1
𝑦 =− 3
𝑥+ 4 𝑚+ 8

C) B)
1
𝑦 = 2
𝑥− 6 𝑚 + 59

D) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 5 C) 8𝑚

D) 8𝑚 + 50

A music artist released a new album. The function 𝑓 If 𝑎 = 𝑏 + 4, which of the following expresses 𝑏 in
2
3

models the weekly sales, in dollars, of the album 𝑥 terms of 𝑎 ?

weeks since the first wee of sales. The model predicts A)

2
𝑏= 3
𝑎 + 4

that each week the album will have 2% fewer sale than B)
2
𝑏= 3
𝑎 − 6

the previous week. Which of the following could define C)

3
𝑏= 2
𝑎 − 4

D) 𝑏 =
3
𝑓? 2
𝑎 − 6

A)
𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥) = 350(0. 02)

B)
𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥) = 350(0. 80)

C)
𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥) = 350(0. 98)

D) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 350(1. 02)

𝑥

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module

in the test.