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 TOPICS
➢ Solid Waste Management is a Challenge
➢ Nature of Municipal Solid Wastes
➢ Factors affecting the generation rate of solid waste
➢ Solid waste Types & Sources
 Why Solid Waste
Management is a Challenge?
✓ Waste generation increases with population expansion and
economic development.
✓ Improperly managed solid waste attitudes a risk to human health
and the environment.
✓ Uncontrolled dumping and improper waste handling causes a
variety of problems, including contaminating water, attracting
insects and rodents, and increasing flooding due to blocked drainage
canals or gullies. In addition, it may result in safety hazards from
fires or explosions.
✓ Improper waste management also increases greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions, which contribute to climate change.
 Characteristics of Solid Waste?
✓ The term refuse and solid waste are used synonymously,
although the last term is preferred.
✓ The common materials of solid waste can be classified in
different ways.
✓ The point of origin is important in some cases, So classification
as domestic, institutional, commercial, industrial, D & C etc.
✓ The nature of the material may be important, so classification
can be made on the basis of organic, inorganic, combustible,
putrescible etc.
 What is the Nature of Municipal Solid Wastes?
✓ Organic waste: (Organic waste, or green waste, is organic material such
as food, garden and lawn )
✓ Inorganic waste: (Waste material such as sand, salt, iron, calcium, and
other mineral materials that are only slightly affected by the action of
organisms.)
✓ Putrescible:(solid wastes contain organic matter having the tendency to
decompose)
✓ Combustible: (Ignitable wastes create fires )
✓ Recyclable: (i.e Paper, Plastic bottles)
✓ Hazardous: (waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially
harmful to human health or the environment)
✓ Infectious: (Human blood and blood products, isolation waste,
pathological waste, contaminated animal waste, and discarded sharps
(broken bottles, needles, scalpels, etc.)
 Factors affecting the generation rate of solid waste
1. Population.
2. Geographic Location.
3. Season.
4. home food waste grinders
5. Frequency of collection
6. Legislation
7. Public attitudes, living standard
8. Per capita income
9. Size of households
 SOLID WASTE, It’s Types and Sources
Solid Wastes

Community Waste Agricultural Waste Industrial Waste

General Household Non-Hazardous Hazardous

Waste Hazardous Waste Waste
Waste
Same as general
Refuse Garbage waste
- Paper - Vegetable
- plastic - Fruit - Battery/Flash light
- bottle - Food - Fluorescent - Toxic Waste
- glass - Paint - Radioactive Waste
- etc. - Chemical Containers - Chemical Waste
- textile
- metal - Explosive Waste
- Lether - Corrosive Waste
- rubber
- etc.
 STRUCTURE OF MUNICIPAL
SOLID WASTE
MSW

Refuse Trash(Scrap)

Bulky wastes (TV, refrigerators goods,

Broken furniture, etc.)

Garbage Rubbish

Putrescible matter non-degradable (glass, rubber,

Metals, plastics non-metal set)

Vegetables, Meats, food

Wastes and other readily
Degradable organic wastes slowly degradable (paper, wood
Products, textiles etc.)
 SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTES
Source Typical waste generators Types of solid wastes

Residential Single and multifamily dwellings Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, yard
wastes, wood, glass, metals, ashes, special wastes (e.g., bulky
items, consumer electronics, white goods, batteries, oil, tires), and
household hazardous wastes.).

Industrial Light and heavy manufacturing, fabrication, Housekeeping wastes, packaging, food wastes, construction and
construction sites, power and chemical plants. demolition materials, hazardous wastes, ashes, special wastes.

Commercial Stores, hotels, restaurants, markets, office Paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes, glass, metals,
buildings, etc. special wastes, hazardous wastes.

Institutional Schools, hospitals, prisons, government centers. Same as commercial.

Construction and New construction sites, road repair, renovation Wood, steel, concrete, dirt, etc.
demolition sites, demolition of buildings

Municipal Street cleaning, landscaping, parks, beaches, other Street sweepings; landscape and tree trimmings; general wastes
services recreational areas, water and wastewater treatment from parks, beaches, and other recreational areas; sludge.
plants.

Process Heavy and light manufacturing, refineries, Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, off-specification
(manufacturing, chemical plants, power plants, mineral extraction products, slay, tailings.
etc.) and processing.

Agriculture Crops, orchards, vineyards, dairies, feedlots, farms. Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, hazardous wastes (e.g.,
pesticides).
 BASIC COMPONENTS OF SOLID WASTE
Solid waste is the mixture of different physical components as shown in following table

Components Definition Examples

Inorganic Components

Any disintegrated material and residue obtain Dust, soil, earth particles etc.
Ash, Bricks& Dirt from burning of wood or any other activities
Glass Any material or product of glass Bottles, Glass ware, bulb etc.

Metals Any material made of metals such as iron, Tine can, knife, bottle cover, aluminum can, foil etc.
copper, pital, steel, silver
Organic Components

Papers/Cardboard Any material and paper Copy, newspaper, paper bags, cardboard, tissue paper etc.

Food Waste/Garbage Wastes from food stuff Fruit wastes, vegetable wastes, Kitchen wastes etc.

Leather Any material or product made up of leather Leather bags, shoes, purse, string etc

Plastics Any material or product made up of plastics colored mix, white plastic, black plastic, plastic bottles, bags,
shoes, purse, string, balls etc.
Rubber Any material or product made up of rubber Laloon & Disco Rubber bags, shoes, purse, string, balls etc

Textiles Any material or product made up of Fiber/Yarn Cotton, Wool, Nylon, Silk etc.

Wood Any material o product obtained from tree Furniture like tables, chairs, etc.
cutting
Yard Waste Any material o product obtained from tree Leaves of all types of trees such as mangoes tree, lemon tree, etc.
leaves and garden trimming
 Topics

➢ INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ISWM)

➢ Composition of MSW
➢ Composition of MSW of Hyderabad City
➢ Functional Elements of SWM
 INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
(ISWM)?
✓ Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is a comprehensive
waste prevention, recycling, composting, and disposal program.
✓ An effective ISWM system considers how to prevent, recycle, and
manage solid waste in ways that most effectively protect human
health and the environment.
✓ ISWM involves evaluating local needs and conditions, and then
selecting and combining the most appropriate waste management
activities for those conditions.
✓ The major ISWM activities are waste prevention, recycling and
composting, and combustion and disposal in properly designed,
constructed, and managed landfills (as formula given bellow ) Each of
these activities requires careful planning, financing, collection, and
transport, all of which are discussed in this and the other fact sheets.

Waste Prevention + Recycling & Composting + Disposal = ISWM

HIERARCHY OF INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT (ISWM)
Segregation at source MSW waste minimization

Waste collection from source to segregation centers

Waste segregation into degradable to non- degradable

Non degradable wastes organic waste size reduction

Recycling plant aerobic composting

Agricultural land, gardens etc

 Composition of MSW:
➢ The term that describes the distribution of each component of waste
by its percent weight of the total.
➢ The information is required for the selection of suitable treatment
and disposal methods.
➢ Techniques and technologies are available, but the choice depends
largely on the composition of waste.
➢ The composition depends upon ;
I. The area: Residential, Commercial etc.
II. The season and weather( differences in the amount of
population during the year, tourist places).
III. Standard of living and many other factors.
 Composition of MSW of Hyderabad City
Physical composition of MSW by weight(kg) Ash, Bricks & Dirt Physical composition of MSW by percent
Ash, Bricks & Dirt
Glass Glass
Textile 2% Textile
3.02
cardboard 14% 18% cardboard
22.8 29.86 4%
6.03
Food wastes Food wastes
1% 6%
1.8 10.02 Leather
Leather
paper paper
9% 2%
14.41 3.41 Plastic
Plastic
6% 7% Rubber
9.71 11.05 Rubber 30%
50.75 1% Metals
1.83 Metals
Wood
Wood
Yard wastes
Yard wastes
 Solid Waste Management/Functional Elements of SWM

SOLID WASTE
GENERATION

STORAGE

COLLECTION

TRANSFER/ RECOVERY
TRANSPORTATION PROCESSING

DISPOSAL
 SOLID WASTE

Sources Disposal
- Household Transportation • Sanitary land fill
- Commercial • Incineration
- Institutional • Decomposing
- Market
 PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE AND
MANAGEMENT
• Problem of source and collection
• Problem of Transportation
• Problem of disposal
 PROBLEM OF SOURCE AND
COLLECTION

• Source • Collection
– Poor disposal at source – Collection service not
– Not separate of solid cover all responsible area
waste and hazardous – Lack of containers
waste – Improper containers
– Remaining solid waste – Time consuming (due to
solid waste collector
spend time for
separation)
 ON-SITE STORAGE

• Primary containers

• Common containers
 PRIMARY CONTAINERS
• Bags, bins, buckets, etc.
• Used to collect and store the solid waste on household level
• In tropical urban environment, advised to storage not more
than 24 hrs due to the serious risk of nuisance from odors and
fly breeding
PROBLEM OF TRANSPORTATION

• Falling of solid waste during

transportation
• Insufficient of transporting vehicle
• Unsuitable collecting routing/time
 PROBLEM OF DISPOSAL
• Unsuitable location/improper design
• Disposal site
– No solid waste separation
– Incorrect solid waste separation
(eg. scavenger)
– Not operated as designed (eg. Open dump and burn
instead of sanitary landfill)
– Lack of equipment and manpower
• Inadequate of disposal area
• Difficult to find disposal site areas
 POOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
MANAGEMENT
• Technical constraint
• Budget constraint
– Collection fee is very low
• Social constraint (NIMBY SYNDROME)
 THE PROBLEM OF COMMUNITY WASTE
MANAGEMENT
• Health Effect
– Collectors do not ware safety suit
– Collectors have high risk of infection
• Communication
– Lack of understanding in solid waste management
– Ignore to do it right
– Lack of participation
– Lack of information