Passage narration লেখার সময় কিছু কিকদিষ্ট কিয়ম অিুসরণ িরা হয়।

সব কিয়মগুলো কিলে উদাহরণসহ বকণতি হে:

Some certain rules are followed while writing passage narration.
All the rules are discussed with examples below:
Rule 1:
At first, you have to read the whole passage to identify the
speaker and the audience. Then you have to determine the
mood of the verb in their speeches.
প্রথলম, সম্পূণ ি passage টি পলে বক্তা এবং লরাতালি কেকিত িরলত
হলব। তারপর তালদর উক্তক্তগুলোর ক্তিয়ার ধরি বুঝলত হলব।
Example:
o “Will you come with me?”, said Pria to Ria. “I will come.”
Said Ria. (Direct)
o Pria asked Ria if she would come with her. Ria replied that
she would come. (Indirect)
Rule 2:
When the reporting verb is placed in the middle or at the last of
the sentence while converting it into Indirect you have to put it
after the subject in starting of the sentence.
যখি reporting verb sentence-এর মালঝ বা লেলে থালি তলব এলি
Indirect িরলত তালি sentence-এর শুরুলত subject-এর পলর বসালত
হলব।
Example:
o “Where do you live?”, said Tina. “I live at Dhanmondi.”,
said Rina. (Direct)
o Tina asked Rina where she lived. Rina replied that she lived
at Dhanmondi. (Indirect)
Rule 3:
Passage-এ যকদ বক্তা এলির অকধি উক্তক্ত বযবহার িলর তলব প্রথম
উক্তক্ত উলেখ িরার পর, পরবতী উক্তক্তগুলো উলেখ িরার সময়
কিলনাক্ত কিয়মগুলো অিুসরণ িরা হয়:
i. Assertive sentence-এর লেলে: also said/again said,
added/further added, প্রভৃ কত বযবহার িরা হয়।
In case of Assertive sentences: also said/again said,
added/further added, etc. are used.
ii. Interrogative sentence-এর লেলে: also asked/again asked/
further asked, প্রভৃ কত বযবহার িরা হয়।
In case of Interrogative sentences: also asked/again asked/
further asked, etc. are used.
iii. Imperative sentence-এর লেলে: and ordered to/ and
requested, প্রভৃ কত বযবহার িরা হয়।
In case of Imperative sentences: and ordered to/ and requested,
etc. are used.
iv. Optative sentence-এর লেলে: and wished/and prayed that,
প্রভৃ কত বযবহার িরা হয়।
In case of Optative sentences: and wished/and prayed that, etc.
are used.
v. Exclamatory sentence-এর লেলে: and exclaimed with
happiness/ joy that/in grief that, প্রভৃ কত বযবহার িরা হয়।
In case of Exclamatory sentences: and exclaimed with
happiness/ joy that/in grief that, etc. are used.
Example:
o “I will help you to solve this problem. I am responsible for
it.” The boy said. “Why did you do it? Do you have time for
it? You are leaving Dhaka this evening.” I said. (Direct)
o The boy told me that he would solve this problem. He added
that he was responsible for it. I asked him the reason for
doing it. I also asked if he had time for it. I added that he
was leaving Dhaka that evening. (Indirect)
Rule 4:
If reported speech has only “Yes”, then Subject+ replied in the
affirmative or Subject+ Auxilliary Verb is used and if reported
speech has other speech after “Yes”, then Subject+ replied in
the affirmative and said that is used.
যকদ reported speech-এ শুধু “Yes”থালি তলব Subject+ replied in
the affirmative বা Subject+ Auxilliary Verb বযবহার িরা হয় এবং
reported speech-এ “Yes”-এর পর আরও বক্তবয থালি তলব Subject+
replied in the affirmative and said that বযবহৃত হয়।
Example:
o I said to him, “Have you done the math?”. “Yes. I have also
done another one.” He said. (Direct)
o I asked him if he had done the math. He replied in the
affirmative. Or, he said that he had. And he said that he
had also done another one. (Indirect)
Rule 5:
If reported speech has only “No”, then Subject+ replied in the
negative or Subject+ Auxilliary Verb+ not is used and if reported
speech has other speech after “No”, then Subject+ replied in
the negative and said that is used.
যকদ reported speech-এ শুধু “No” থালি তলব Subject+ replied in
the negative বা Subject+ Auxilliary Verb+ not বযবহার িরা হয়
এবং reported speech-এ “No” এর পর আরও বক্তবয থালি তলব
Subject+ replied in the negative and said that বযবহৃত হয়।
Example:
o I said to him, “Have you done the math?”. “No. I will do it
later.” He said. (Direct)
o I asked him if he had done the math. He replied in the
negative. Or, he said that he had not. And he said that he
would do it later. (Indirect)
Rule 6:
When direct speech has “Sir”, the indirect speech will use with
respect/respectfully/ politely instead of “Sir”.
যখি direct speech-এ “Sir” থালি, indirect speech “Sir” এর
পকরবলতি with respect/respectfully/ politely বযবহার িরলব।
Example:
o The student said to the teacher,” Sir, will you teach me the
math?” (Direct)
o The student asked the teacher respectfully if he would
teach him the math. / The student respectfully asked the
teacher if he would teach him the math. (Indirect)
Rule 7:
If someone is addressed in the direct speech, the indirect
speech will use addressing ‘as’.
যকদ direct speech-এ িাউলি সলবাধি িরা হয় তলব indirect
speech-এ addressing as বযবহৃত হয়।
Example:
o “Are you okay, Tonni?” said Piu. (Direct)
o Addressing as Tonni, Piu asked if she was okay. (Indirect)
Rule 8:
If outside the inverted comma reporting speech has “ask”, it
will be used after the subject in the indirect speech.
যকদ inverted comma-র বাইলর reporting speech-এ “ask” থালি,
তলব তা indirect speech-এ subject-এর পলর বযবহৃত হয়।
Example:
o “Are you coming?” asked Rina looking at me. “You may join
me when I ” Rina said. (Direct)
o Looking at me, Rina asked If I was going. She suggested me
to join her when she would go. (Indirect)
Rule 9:
When reported speech has a note of interrogation (?) after an
assertive sentence, the indirect speech will use “being
surprised” before the reporting verb.
যখি reported speech-এ এিটি assertive sentence-এর পর note of
interrogation (?) থালি, indirect speech-এ reporting verb-এর
আলে “being surprised” বযবহার িরা হয়।
Example:
o He said to me, “You did it?” (Direct)
o Being surprised he asked me if I had done it. (Indirect)
Rule 10:
When reported speech has “Thank”, the indirect speech will use
reported verb’s subject+ thanked+ reported verb’s object.
যখি reported speech-এ “Thank” থালি, তখি indirect speech,
reported verb’s subject+ thanked+ reported verb’s object
বযবহার িলর।
Example:
o Karim said to me, “Thank you.” (Direct)
o Karim thanked me. (Indirect)
Rule 11:
If reported speech has “Goodbye”, the indirect speech will use
reported verb’s subject+ bade+ reported verb’s object+
goodbye.
যকদ reported speech-এ “Good bye” থালি তলব indirect speech,
reported verb’s subject+ bade+ reported verb’s object+ good
bye বযবহার িরলব।
Example:
o She said Lira, “Goodbye.” (Direct)
o She bade Lira goodbye. (Indirect)
Rule 12:
If reported speech has a good night/good morning/ good
evening, the indirect speech will use, reported verb’s subject+
wished+ reported verb’s object+ good night/good morning/ good
evening.
যকদ reported speech-এ good night/good morning/ good evening
থালি তলব indirect speech, reported verb’s subject+ wished+
reported verb’s object+ good night/good morning/ good evening
বযবহার িরলব।
Example:
o He said to her, “Good evening.” (Direct)
o He wished her good evening. (Indirect)
Rule 13:
Sometimes reported speech doesn’t have a complete sentence,
in those cases, you have to follow the speaker’s speech in
indirect speech to get the full meaning.
লিাি লিািসময় reported speech-এ সম্পূণ ি sentence থালিিা,
লসসব লেলে indirect speech-এ বক্তার বক্তবয অিুসরণ িলর পূণাঙ্গ
ি
অথ িখুলুঁ ে কিলত হলব।
Example:
o “Thirty taka” The salesman said to me. (Direct)
o The salesman told me it had been thirty taka (Indirect)
Rule 14:
Often reported speech doesn’t mention the speaker and the
listener, in these cases you have to mention the speaker and the
listener while transforming it into indirect speech.
প্রায়ই reported speech-এ বক্তা ও লরাতার উলেখ থালি িা, এসব
লেলে এলি indirect speech-এ রূপান্তকরত িরলত বক্তার লেলে the
speaker এবং লরাতার লেলে the listener উলেখ িরলত হলব।
Example:
o “What are you doing now?” “I am writing an article.”
(Direct)
o The speaker asked the listener what he was doing then. The
listener replied that s/he was writing an article. (Indirect)
Rule 15:
If reported speech has asked/ cried/replied/muttered, the
reporting verb in the indirect speech will be unchanged.
যকদ reported speech-এ asked/ cried/replied/muttered থালি তলব
indirect speech-এ reporting verb-এর লিাি পকরবতিি হলবিা।
Example:
o “Help me.” He cried. (Direct)
o He cried to help him. (Indirect)