Tutor Questions – Test 2

Chapter 13

26. What is the uncomfortable state that occurs when our outward behaviors and attitudes do not
match?
a. Group polarization
b. Cognitive dissonance
c. Social exclusion
d. Deindividuation

27.Melania has always wanted to go to college at MIT. She applied but was not accepted to MIT;
however, she was accepted at Michigan Tech. At first, she was crushed, but then she started telling all
her teachers and friends that “Michigan Tech is a far more interesting school.” Her statement reflects
an attempt to reduce
a. cognitive dissonance.
b. the actor–observer bias.
c. social exclusion.
d. social facilitation.

31. The elaboration likelihood model predicts responses to persuasive messages by distinguishing
between
a. central and peripheral routes to persuasion.
b. left brain and right brain processing.
c. simple and elaborate messages.
d. primary and secondary exposure to information.

32. Which of the following statements is true of using the peripheral route of persuasion?
a. It leads to attitudes that are more predictive of behavior.
b. It allows us to use heuristics.
c. It results in carefully thought out arguments.
d. It encourages attitudes that are more enduring.

33. Who is most likely to use the central route to respond to persuasive messages?
a. Emma, an anthropology major, who is taking an economics class pass/fail in order to
fulfill a college requirement
b. Danielle, who notices an eye-catching billboard for a brand of beer as she drives on the
highway to her grandparents’ house
c. Jorge, who plans to attend a guest lecture on worldwide water shortages, a topic about
which he has read a great deal
d. Nate, who attends a talk with his girlfriend because she is interested in meditation
59. Dessa’s soccer teammates want to play a prank on the rival team before their game. Dessa is
reluctant to participate but does not want to be the only one who expresses disapproval of the plan.
She goes along with the group. This scenario illustrates that conformity
a. is useful in an ambiguous situation.
b. is more time efficient for learning than trial-and-error methods.
c. is preferable to thinking independently.
d. reduces the risk of rejection by a social group.

66. Complying with a request from an authority figure is called

a. obedience.
b. submission.
c. conformity.
d. subservience.

60. Agreeing to a request from a person with no perceived authority is called

a. obedience.
b. compliance.
c. conformity.
d. subordinance.

82. What does the term mere exposure effect mean?

a. One exposure is enough.
b. Exposure is necessary but insufficient.
c. Repeated exposure increases liking.
d. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

91. Amy was always close to her Aunt March. During her aunt’s final stage of illness, she helped her
as much as she could. Their relationship could best be described as
a. companionate love.
b. fatuous love.
c. romantic love.
d. consummate love.
 Chapter 16

1. Stress is defined as an unpleasant emotional state that results from .

a. exposure to an evolutionary trigger
b. overstimulation of the hippocampus
c. the release of the neurotransmitter serotonin
d. the perception of danger
e. frontal lobe damage

2. What is a stressor?
a. A byproduct of stress
b. A stimulus that serves as a source of stress
c. A negative life event that causes physical illness or a psychological disorder
d. Any event that generates a statistically uniform response among a general population
e. A failure in cognition

3. What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

a. Walter Cannon’s three-stage model for homeostasis
b. B.F. Skinner’s three-stage model for learned behaviors through operant conditioning
c. Hans Selye’s three-stage model for an organism’s response to stressors
d. Albert Bandura’s three-stage model for the development of aggression in children
e. Ivan Pavlov’s three-stage model for learned behaviors through classical conditioning

4. What is the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

a. resistance
b. an alarm reaction
c. exhaustion
d. heightened confusion
e. sudden death

5. The Holmes and Rahe scales have been used to predict vulnerability to physical illness
and psychological disorder due to different stressors that are .
a. negative life events
b. natural and political disasters
c. negative and positive changes in life
d. the result of the actions of others
e. Confusion due to mental illness

6. Alicia is tired and stressed from working two jobs as a nurse’s aide. Under these circumstances, her
immune system .
a. boosts its response
b. maintains a static state to conserve resources
c. does not perform well
d. directs its response to vulnerable areas
e. Both a and d
9. Which of the following statements is true?
a. People rarely adapt to stress over time.
b. Stress is inevitable.
c. Most people would rather have their stresses of today than those of five years ago.
d. There is little we can actively do about stress except to endure it.
e. Stress can never cause death.

10. The name Hans Selye gave to the body's response to stress is
a. the fight-or-flight response.
b. the general adaptation syndrome.
c. catharsis.
d. defensive coping.

12. The correct order for the three stages of Selye's general adaptation syndrome is
a. primary, secondary, tertiary.
b. recognition, reaction, evaluation.
c. alarm, adaptation, recovery.
d. alarm, resistance, exhaustion

13. All of the following accurately reflect Selye's description of physiological responses to
stress EXCEPT
a. if a stress is prolonged, the individual becomes accustomed to the threat.
b. resistance represents a failure to cope with the stressor.
c. continuing exposure to a stressor may result in the individual exhibiting increased susceptibility to
diseases of adaptation.
d. initially stress causes an activation of the fight-or-flight response.

14. The general adaptation syndrome describes one's

a. emotional responses to stress.
b. behavioral responses to stress.
c. physiological responses to stress
d. emotional, behavioral, and physiological responses to stress.

23. According to Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome, the stage in which the body
appears to be functioning efficiently, although in actuality arousal may continue to be higher than
normal, is called
a. alarm.
b. exhaustion.
c. resistance.
d. maintenance.

24. The stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome one enters after the body's unsuccessful
first attempt at dealing with the stressor is the
a. resistance stage.
b. alarm stage.
c. third stage.
d. sympathetic stage.
 29. A person who is hard-driving, ambitious, competitive, and at risk for having a heart attack is
said to have
a. a Type B personality.
b. an internal personality.
c. an external personality.
d. a Type A personality.

32. Christine is relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, and amicable. Christine would be
classified as having
a. a Type B personality.
b. an internal locus of control.
c. an external locus of control.
d. a Type A personality.

34. When compared to Type A people, Type B people tend to be more

a. hard-driving, ambitious, and competitive.
b. relaxed, easygoing, and friendly.
c. inhibited, compliant, and depressed.
d. achievement oriented, impatient, and hostile.