INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9854-1
Second edition
2023-06
Thermoplastics pipes for the
transport of fluids — Determination of
Charpy impact properties —
Part 1:
General test method
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Tubes thermoplastiques pour le transport des fluides —
Détermination des caractéristiques au choc Charpy —
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Partie 1: Méthode générale d'essai
ISO 9854-1:2023
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9854-1-2023
Reference number
ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
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ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vi
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Principle......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Apparatus..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.1 Pendulum impact-testing machine........................................................................................................................................ 2
5.2 Micrometres and gauges................................................................................................................................................................. 3
5.3 Ambient equipment............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
5.4 Temperature measuring equipment.................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Test specimen........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
6.1 Preparation................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
6.2 Cutting and dimensions................................................................................................................................................................... 4
6.2.1 Method A..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
6.2.2 Method B..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Number........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
7
8
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Conditioning.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Procedure.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
8.1
8.2
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General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Method A.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.3 Method B.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
9 ISO 9854-1:2023
Expression of results..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
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9.1 Method A.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
9.2 9854-1-2023
Method B.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
9.3 Types of failure..................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
10 Test report................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11
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ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
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www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 138, Plastics pipes, fittings and valves
for the transport of fluid, Subcommittee SC 5, General properties of pipes, fittings and valves of plastic
materials and their accessories — Test methods ISO 9854-1:2023
and basic specifications.
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This second edition cancels and replaces the first9854-1-2023
edition (ISO 9854-1:1994), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the title has been revised;
— in the Scope, Method A has been modified and Method B has been added;
— in Clause 2, ISO 3126 and ISO 13802 have been added;
— in Clause 3, terms and definitions have been added;
— in Clause 4, the principle has been reworded;
— subclause 5.1 has been revised to suit notched specimens;
— subclause 5.2 has been added, specifying the micrometres and gauges for measuring the dimensions
of specimens;
— subclause 5.4 has been added, specifying the use of temperature measuring equipment;
— Figure 3 has been modified, extending the support area to stabilize bigger specimens;
— notched specimens have been added in Table 1;
— subclause 6.2.1 has been revised, giving a method of unnotched specimens preparation;
— subclause 6.2.2 has been added to cover the case of notched specimens;
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
— Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7 and Figure 8 have been added;
— Clause 7 has been revised, specifying the period of time prior to testing after the production of the
pipe and the requirements of liquid bath and air bath;
— subclause 8.1 has been added, giving the procedure for the test for notched and unnotched specimens;
— subclause 9.2 has been added, giving the expression of results of notched specimens;
— in Clause 10, point j) has been revised, giving the type(s) of failure observed and the number and the
percentage of each type of failure;
— in Clause 10, point k) has been added, covering the case of notched specimens.
A list of all parts in the ISO 9854 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
Introduction
This document specifies the general method for determining the impact properties of thermoplastics
pipes.
The test can be carried out at –20 °C, 0 °C or 23 °C, depending on the pipe material and/or size. For
the test parameters (i.e. impact energy, specimen dimensions and type of specimen) to be used to
determine the pendulum impact strength of pipes, the specifications for specific materials are given in
ISO 9854-2, as appropriate.
Data obtained from specimens of different dimensions are not directly comparable.
At present, the ISO 9854 series comprises two parts:
— ISO 9854-1 (this document) gives the general test method under which the impact properties of
thermoplastics pipes are to be determined;
— ISO 9854-2 provides specific test parameters to be used to determine the pendulum impact
properties of pipes of various materials.
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vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
Thermoplastics pipes for the transport of fluids —
Determination of Charpy impact properties —
Part 1:
General test method
1 Scope
This document specifies two general test methods, Method A and Method B, to be used for the
determination of the impact properties of unnotched and notched specimens cut from thermoplastics
pipes for the transport of fluids.
— Method A: unnotched method, for unnotched specimens cut from thermoplastics pipes for the
transport of fluids.
— Method B: notched method, for specimens cut from thermoplastics pipes for the transport of fluids,
into which a notch has been machined.
The use of Method A or Method B is determined by the relevant product standards.
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This document is not intended as a reference test method for the determination of the impact strength
(standards.iteh.ai)
of pipes. ISO 3127, relating to the determination of the impact strength of pipes by means of a falling
mass, is the reference test method. However, this document can be used for scientific research, materials
testing or the examination of pipe when it is not possible to take measurements in accordance with the
reference method. ISO 9854-1:2023
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This document can be applied to either isolated batches or continuous production of pipe.
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2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 179-1, Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non‑instrumented impact test
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 3126, Plastics piping systems — Plastics components — Determination of dimensions
ISO 9854-2:—,1) Thermoplastics pipes for the transport of fluids — Determination of Charpy impact
properties — Part 2: Test conditions for pipes of various materials
ISO 13802, Plastics — Verification of pendulum impact‑testing machines — Charpy, Izod and tensile
impact‑testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 179-1 and the following apply.
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of ISO/FDIS 9854-2:2023.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://w ww.electropedia.org/
3.1
Charpy impact strength of notched specimens
acN
impact energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen, referring to the original cross–sectional area
of the specimen at the notch
Note 1 to entry: Within this document, this is expressed in kJ/m2.
3.2
nominal outside diameter
dn
specified outside diameter, assigned to a nominal size DN/OD
Note 1 to entry: Within this document, this is expressed in mm.
3.3
nominal wall thickness
en
numerical designation of the wall thickness of a component, which is a convenient round number,
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approximately equal to the manufacturing dimension
Note 1 to entry: Within this document, this is expressed in mm.
3.4 (standards.iteh.ai)
remaining thickness
hN ISO 9854-1:2023
thickness at the notch tip of test pieces which have been notched
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Note 1 to entry: Within this document, this is expressed in mm.
4 Principle
A short length of pipe, or a strip specimen machined therefrom, is conditioned at a selected temperature,
Tc, and then supported near its ends as a horizontal beam. The specimen is impacted by a single blow of
a striker at a high, nominally constant, velocity, with the line of impact midway between the supports.
In the case of edgewise/flatwise impact with notched specimens, the line of impact is directly opposite
the notch.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Pendulum impact-testing machine
5.1.1 The principles, characteristics and verification of a suitable pendulum impact-testing machine
shall conform to ISO 13802.
5.1.2 When applicable, the pendulum impact-testing machine may consist of a temperature control
device capable of maintaining test temperature as specified.
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ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
5.1.3 The pendulum impact-testing machine shall have the following characteristics for Methods A
and B, respectively:
a) Method A
1) Velocity at impact: 3,8 m/s.
2) Pendulums providing maximum impact energies of 15 J and 50 J respectively, with a tapered
tip of 30° ± 1° and a tip radius of 2,0 mm ± 0,5 mm.
3) Specimen supports in accordance with Figure 1 and Figure 2 for longitudinal plane specimens.
4) Specimen supports in accordance with Figure 3 for circumferential plane specimens. Fixed
point of anvils and specimen supports should be adjustable in the horizontal plane parallel to
the plane of the swing of the pendulum. The top of the convex specimen should be in line with
the centre of percussion at the moment of impact.
b) Method B
1) Velocity at impact: 2,9 m/s.
2) Check that the impact machine is able to perform the test at the specified velocity of impact and
that the absorbed energy is within the correct range, which shall be between 10 % and 80 % of
the total available energy from the pendulum at impact, with a tapered tip of 30° ± 1°and a tip
radius of 2,0 mm ± 0,5 mm. If more than one of the pendulums conforms to these requirements,
the pendulum having the highest energy shall be used.
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3) Specimen supports in accordance with Figure 4 for longitudinal plane notched specimens.
5.2
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Micrometres and gauges
Micrometres and gauges capable of measuring the essential dimensions of test specimens to an accuracy
ISO 9854-1:2023
0,02 mm are required. For measuring the dimension hN of notched specimens, the micrometre shall
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have a spindle with a measuring tip having a suitable profile to fit the type of the notch.
9854-1-2023
NOTE A method of determining the notch tip radius using a charge-coupled device (CCD) microscope is
provided in ISO 179-1.
5.3 Ambient equipment
Ambient equipment, comprising either a thermostatically controlled enclosure or a liquid bath capable
of bringing the specimens to the specified temperature, Tc (see Clause 7). When a liquid bath is used,
the liquid used shall not have a detrimental effect on the physical properties of the specimens.
5.4 Temperature measuring equipment
Temperature measuring equipment, capable of checking conformity to the specified temperature with
an accuracy to within ±0,5 °C.
6 Test specimen
6.1 Preparation
The specimens shall be cut from pipe, in accordance with the procedure of ISO 2818 and with 6.2.1
(Method A) or 6.2.2 (Method B), as appropriate, so that any surface which comes into contact with the
anvil, comprising the specimen supports, or with the pendulum at the moment of impact, is smooth and
free from burrs. Chamfering shall be avoided during specimen preparation.
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ISO 9854-1:2023(E)
6.2 Cutting and dimensions
6.2.1 Method A
6.2.1.1 Each specimen for pipes up to 25 mm nominal outside diameter, dn, shall consist of a length of
pipe 100 mm ± 2 mm long. See Table 1, specimen type 1.
6.2.1.2 Each specimen for pipes greater than or equal to 25 mm and less than 75 mm dn shall be cut
from pipe in the longitudinal direction and shall conform to the dimensions of one of the types given in
Table 1. See Table 1, specimen type 2 or type 3.
NOTE For dn 25 mm pipes, product standards can potentially define different specimen types for pipe impact
tests based on application.
6.2.1.3 Each specimen for pipes greater than or equal to 75 mm and less than 160 mm dn shall be cut
from pipe in the longitudinal and circumferential directions and shall conform to the dimensions of one
of the types given in Table 1. See Table 1, specimen type 2 or type 3 for longitudinal cut specimens, and
specimen type 4 for circumferential cut specimens.
6.2.1.4 Each specimen for pipes greater than or equal to 160 mm dn shall be cut from pipe in the
longitudinal and circumferential directions and shall conform to the dimensions of one of the types
given in Table 1. See Table 1, specimen type 2 or type 3 for longitudinal cut specimens, and specimen
type 4 or type 5 for circumferential cut specimens.
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Key
1 specimen
2 anvils
h specimen thickness (coincides with the outside diameter)
l specimen length, (100 ± 2) mm
L span, the distance between the supports, see ISO 179-1:2023, Figure 6, (70 ± 0,5) mm
R radius of curvature of anvils, (1 ± 0,1) mm
a Direction of blow.
Figure 1 — Supports for specimen type 1
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Key
1 specimen
2 anvils
3 cross section
4 edge of specimen
h specimen thickness
l specimen length, (50 ± 1) mm or (120 ± 2) mm
L span, the distance between the supports, see ISO 179-1:2023, Figure 6, (40 ± 0,5) mm or (70 ± 0,5) mm
R radius of curvature of anvils, (1 ± 0,1) mm
a Direction of blow.
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2 — Supports for specimen type 2 and type 3
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Key
1 specimen
2 anvils
α angle of anvils, 30°
h specimen thickness
l specimen length, (50 ± 1) mm or (120 ± 2) mm
L supports spacing, (40 ± 0,5) mm or (70 ± 0,5) mm
L1 extend distance of supports parallel to the direction of blow, ≥ 25 mm
L2 extend distance of supports perpendicular to the direction of blow, ≥ 8 mm
R radius of curvature of anvils, (2 ± 0,1) mm
a Direction of blow.
Figure 3 — Supports for specimen type 4 and type 5
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