UNIT 1: DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD

CHAPTER 1: LIVING WORLD

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

1. What are the twin characters of growth.(K)

2. What is Binomial nomenclature? Give an example for a binomial name.(K)
3. Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?(U)
4. What are the methods used to record description of organisms?(K)
5. Write the taxonomic ‘order’ of the following . a) Mango b) Wheat (K)
6. Write the taxonomic ‘order’ of the following . a) Housefly b) Man (K)
7. What are essential features of organisms that form the basis of modern taxonomic studies? (K)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

8. Why are the living organisms are classified?(U)

9. What is binomial nomenclature? Write the universal rules of binomial nomenclature. (K)
10. Write the taxonomic categories of Man.(K)
11. Write the taxonomic categories of Housefly.(K)
12. Write the taxonomic categories of Mango.(K)
13. Write the taxonomic categories of Wheat.(K)
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS.

14. Write a brief note on taxonomic categories.(K)

15. “Metabolism and consciousness become defining property of living organisms”. Justify with reasons (U)
16. “Reproduction is not a defining property of growth”. Justify with reasons.(U)
17. “Growth is a non defining property of life”. Give reasons.(U)

CHAPTER 2: BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

15. Which are the four major groups of Protozoans? (K)

16. List out the four classes of kingdom Fungi.(K)
17. Name the fruiting bodies of i] Ascomycetes ii] Basidiomycetes.(K)
18. List any four role of fungi in our daily life.(A)
19. Write any two differences between Viruses and Viroids.(A)
20. Write the algal and fungal components of lichens.(K)
21. State any two economical importances of heterotrophic bacteria. (A)
22. What do the terms algal blooms and red tides signify?(U)
23. Suppose you find an old preserved slide without label , in your effort to identify you place it under the
microscope and observe the following features-a) Unicellular, b) Well defined nucleus c) Biflagellate with one
flagellum longitudinally and the other transversely. What do you identify it as? Can you name the kingdom to
which it belongs? (A)
24. Classify the bacteria based on their shape with a diagram (U)
25. What do the following terms mean?
a) Coenocytic hyphae b) Dikaryophase (K)
42. Name the a. asexual motile spores of Phycomycetes
b. asexual spores in Ascomycetes. (K)
43. Mention any two living and nonliving characters of viruses. (K)
44. Classify the viruses with respect to the nature of genetic material. (U)
45. What are the characteristic features of Euglenoids? (K)
46. List four diseases caused by viruses in animals. (K)
47. Differentiate between phycobiont and mycobiont. (U)
48. Draw a neat labeled diagram of TMV. (S)
49. Differentiate between chemosynthetic and photosynthetic forms of eubacteria. (U)
50. List the uses of heterotrophic bacteria. (U)
51. Give two examples of fungal symbiotic associations. (K)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

52. Draw a labeled diagram of a bacteriophage.(S)

53. Write briefly about the steps involved in sexual cycle of kingdom fungi.(K)
54. Give a comparative account of the kingdoms Monera and Protista with respect to cell type, cell wall,
body organization.(A)
55. Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria though vastly different have been clubbed together in
eubacteria of kingdom- Monera according to five kingdom classification. Is the grouping of the two types of
taxa in the same kingdom justified? (A)
56. Draw a labeled diagram of Nostoc filament. (S)
57. List six symptoms of viral diseases in plants. (k)
58. Write three uses of diatomaceous earth. (K)
59. Write a note on three types of Archaebacteria.(K)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

60. Explain the modes of Nutrition in Bacteria.(U)

61. Name a disease caused by each of the following-
a. Puccinia b. Plasmodium. c. Viroids .d. Viruses e. Ustilago. (K)
62.What are the three types of reproduction in Bacteria? Draw a labeled sketch of a dividing bacterium. (K)
63.Explain the salient features of kingdom Monera.(K)
64.Write a note on Eubacteria.(U)
65.What is the basis of classification in fungi? Explain four classes of fungi. (K)
66.Explain five classes of kingdom Protista. (U)
67.Write the salient features of kingdom Protista. (K)
 CHAPTER 3: PLANT KINGDOM
TWO MARK QUESTIONS:

1. What were the basis/criteria for classification in Linnaeus’s system? (K)

2. What were the drawbacks of artificial system of plant classification? (K)
3. Define a) Cytotaxonomy, b) Chemotaxonomy (K)
4. Give any two examples of organisms with which algae are found associated. (K)
5. List out the important pigments found in brown algae. (K)
6. List any four characters of rhodophyceae. (K)
7. Name any two commercially used hydrocolloids isolated from algae. (K)
8. Differentiate between Isogamous and Anisogamous condition. (U)
9. Write any two economic importances of bryophytes. (K)
10. What are the two stages in the gametophytic phase of mosses? (K)
11. Mention the four classes of pteridophytes. (K)
12. Differentiate between thallus of bryophytes and prothallus of pteridophytes. (U)
13. How are leaves in gymnosperms adapted to withstand extremes of climatic factors? (K)
14. What are male gametophytes in gymnosperms called as? Where do they develop? (K)
15. Explain the heterosporous nature of gymnosperms. (U)
16. Which are the two classes of angiosperms? (K)
17. What do the following structures of angiosperms would develop into? (K)
a. Zygote
b. PEN
18. Explain briefly Protonema with suitable example showing it. (U)
19. Explain briefly Sporophyll with suitable example showing it. (U)
20. Explain briefly Isogamy with suitable example showing it. (U)
21. Differentiate between Red algae and brown algae (U)
22. Differentiate between Green algae and Red algae (U)
23. Differentiate between Liverworts and moss (U)
24. Differentiate between Homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte (U)
25. Differentiate between Syngamy and triple fusion. (U)
26. Name the cells of the embryo sac that degenerate after fertilization. (K)
27. Briefly describe the structure of female strobilus in gymnosperms. (U)

THREE MARK QUESTIONS:

28. Mention the three classification system of angiosperms. (K)

29. Write a note on reproduction in algae. (K)
30. How are algae classified based on the fusion of gametes? (U)
31. Write a note on different classes of algae with reference to their flagellar number and position of
insertions. (U)
32. Write any six important characteristics of Chlorophyceae. (K)
33. What are the characteristic features of brown algae? (K)
34. Write the important cell wall chemical and food storage substance in the following groups of algae. (K)
35. “Mosses are ecologically important group of plants”. Justify. (U)
36. Draw a neat labeled diagram showing different parts of a moss plant Funaria. (S)
37. How does sexual reproduction take place in pteridophytes? (U)
38. What is an embryo sac in angiosperms? List out the different cells of the embryo sac. (K)
39. What is double fertilization? Define two events in it. (K)
40. What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples. (K)

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS:

41. “Algae are useful to man in a variety of ways”. Justify the statement with suitable examples.(U)
42. Describe the salient features of algae. (U)
43. Differentiate between Chlorophyceae and Rhodophyceae.(U)
44. Enumerate the important events in the life cycle of bryophytes. (K)
45. Describe the salient features of pteridophytes. (U)
46. Write an account of sporophytic generation in pteridophytes.(U)
47. List out the post-fertilization changes in angiosperms. (K)
48. Name the three groups of plants that bear archegonia.Briefly describe life cycle of any one of them (K)
49. Write a note on economic importance of algae (U)
50. Describe the important characteristics/salient features of gymnosperms.(U)
51. Summarize the life cycle of an angiosperm.(U)
52. Describe the salient features of angiosperms. (U)
53. Describe the salient features of Bryophytes (U)
54. Describe the salient features of Pteridophytes (U)
55. Describe the salient features of Algae(U)

CHAPTER 4: ANIMAL KINGDOM

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS.

1. Write the difference between open and closed type of circulatory system. (U)
2. What is radial symmetry? Give an example. (K)
3. What is bilateral symmetry? Give an example. (K)
4. Differentiate between diploblastic and triploblastic body wall. (U)
5. Write the difference between mesogloea and mesoderm. (U)
6. What is the difference between spongocoel and coelenteron? (U)
7. Mention the adaptations in Platyhelminthes for their successful parasitic living.(U)
8. In coelenterates, digestion is both extracellular and intracellular. Justify. (A)
9. Write the scientific name of the following-a. Tape worm, b. Round worm. (K)
10. Write the common name of the following- a. Fasciola b. Physalia. (K)
11. Give an example for a gregarious pest and vector among arthropods. (K)
12. Assign the following to their respective phyla-
a. Balanoglossus b. Petromyzon c. Octopus d. Adamsia. (A)
13. List any four salient features of phylum chordata (K)
14. Write one function of each of the following-
 a. Parapodia b. Nephridia c. Mantle d. Cnidoblasts (K)
15. Differentiate oviparity from viviparity. (U)
16. Differentiate between coelomates and acoelomates with an example each. (U)
17. Differentiate between urochordates and cephalochordates. (U)
18. Name the skeletal structures of sponges? (K)
19. Diagrammatically represent the characters of Chordates. (S)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Mention the fundamental features that form the basis for classifying animals. (K)
2. Define the following a. Metagenesis b. Metamerism 3. Metamorphosis (K)
3. List any three differences between Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes. (U)
4. Write one example each of the following - a. Cold blooded animal
b. Warm blooded animal c. Animal possessing dry and cornified skin(K)
5. Write the appropriate terms to the following –
a. Blood filled in arthropods b. Free swimming body form of Cnidaria,
c. Lateral appendages in aquatic annelids (U)
6. There has been an increase in the number of chambers in heart during the evolution of
vertebrates. Give the names of the classes of vertebrates having two, three, and four chambered
heart. (A)
7. Name the excretory organs of the following- a. Cockroach b. Balanoglossus c.Leech (K)
8. The germ layers and body cavity are correlated. Keeping this in view, define the following-
a. Acoelom b.Pseudocoelom c. Eucoelom (U)
9. Write any three salient features of class Cyclostomata.(K)
10.” Reptiles are the pioneer animals truly adapted for terrestrial mode of living”. Justify the statement with
three terrestrial adaptations of reptiles (A).
11. Write the scientific names of the following-
a. Peacock b. Tiger c. Blue whale (A)
12. Hemichordata was earlier placed under phylum chordata, but now it is grouped under non -chordata. List any
three features that support the change in grouping. (A)
13. Arthropods are adapted for various habitat. List any three different respiratory organs that facilitate them to
respire.(K)
14. Mention three subphyla of phylum Chordata with an example each.(K)
15. Enlist three important features of phylum Ctenophora.(K)
16. Enumerate the salient features of Aschelminthes.(U)
17. Enumerate the salient features of Platyhelminthes.(U)
18. Enumerate the salient features of Mollusca.(U)
19. What are the fundamental characters of Phylum Chordata? (K)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Write the general characters of phylum Porifera (K).

2. List the general features of phylum Annelida.(K)
3. Write the salient features of phylum Arthropoda(K)
4. How are Echinoderms unique with regard to their symmetry? Enlist the other features of the phylum.(A)
5. Tabulate a comparative study between Non chordates and chordates.(U)
6. How do cartilaginous fishes differ from bony fishes?(K)
7. Mammals are most adapted and most evolved among all the animals. Elaborate with five important features.
(U)
8. Write the adaptive characters in birds that support their aerial mode of living (U)
9. Write one function for each of the following- a. Tympanum b.Nictitating membrane c. Water vascular
system d. Air bladder e. Comb plates. (A)
10. Write the common name of the following-
a. Spongilla b. Pennatula c. Wuchereria d. Hirudinaria e. Limulus.(K)
11. Write the scientific names of the following-
a. Devil fish b. Hag fish c. Dog fish d. Flying fish e. Saw fish. (K)
12. Enumerate the salient features of phylum Porifera.(U)
13. Enumerate the salient features of phylum Coelenterata. (U)

UNIT 2: STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

CHAPTER 5: MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Mention the characteristic features of stem.(K)

2. Draw a neat labeled showing parts of a leaf.(S)
3. Write any four functions of stem. (K)
4. Mention the functions of veins in leaves. (K)
5. Differentiate a simple leaf from compound leaf. (U)
6. List the economically important plants of family Solanaceae (K)
7. Differentiate between pinnately compound leaf and palmately compound leaf. (U)
8. Differentiate between apocarpous and syncarpous ovary.(U)
9. Differentiate between epipetalous and epiphyllous condition. (U)
10. Mention two major types of inflorescence.(K)
11. Name the accessory organs of the flower.(K)
12. Differentiate between gamosepalous and polysepalous.(U)
13. Differentiate between polyandrous and adelphy.(U)
14. Name the two layers of seed coat.(K)
15. Sketch and label a dicotyledonous seed.(S)
16. Mention the four types of aestivation in plants.(K)
17. Define valvate aestivation. Give an example. (A)
18. Define imbricate aestivation. Give an example. (A)
19. Define twisted aestivation. Give an example. (A)

20. Define vexillary aestivation. Give an example. (A)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

89. Define- a) Trimerous b) Bracteate c) epipetalous (K)
90. Define- a)Monadelphous b) Diadelphous c)Polyadelphous (K)
91. Mention the regions of root tip. (A)
92. Write the floral characters of family Solanaceae.
93. Name the family to which the following plants belong to -Belladona (K)
94. Explain the structure of a drupe. (U)
97. Name the three wall layers of a fruit. (K)
98. What is venation? Mention the types of venation.(K) 99. Explain three different
types of phyllotaxy. (U)
100. Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on thalamus. (U)
101. Mention any three modifications of stem with example. (A)
102. Write a note on symmetry of flower. (U)
103. Draw a floral diagram of family Solanaceae.(S)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

107. With the help of labelled diagram explain the different regions of root tip. (S)
108. Explain the structure of a dicotyledonous seed. (U)
109. Draw a neat labelled diagram to show different parts of a flowering plant.(S)
110. With the help of labelled diagram explain structure of leaf. (S)
111. Explain the different types of aestivation with relevant diagrams. Mention one example for each type.(U)
112. Write the semi technical description of a typical flowering plant.(S)
113. Describe various types of placentation found in flowering plants with suitable diagrams. (U)
114. What is a flower? Describe the four whorls of a flower. (U)
115. With the help of labelled diagram explain monocotyledonous seed.(S)
116. Write any five salient features of family Solanaceae . (K)
CHAPTER 6: ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Differentiate between Endarch and exarch (U)

2. Differentiate between Root hairs and trichomes(U)
3. Differentiate between Open and closed vascular bundles(U)
4. Differentiate between Radial and conjoint vascular bundles(U)
5. Differentiate between Anatomy of dicot root and monocot root(U)
6. What is cuticle? Write its function. (K)
7. What are stomata? Name any two processes in plants that are regulated by stomata. (K)
8. What are trichomes? How they are helpful to plants? (U)
9. Draw a diagrammatic representation of stomata.(S)
10. What are bulliform cells? What is their function? (K)
11. Write the difference between adaxial and abaxial surface of a dorsiventral leaf.(U)
12. Name the two types of parenchyma in the mesophyll of dicot leaves. (K)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

130. List the different types of tissue systems in plant body. (K)
131. Explain the structure of stomata.(U)
132. Differentiate between dicot stem and monocot stem with reference to ground tissue system.(U)
133. Diagrammatically represent various types of vascular bundles.(S)
134. What are the important anatomical features of Dicot root?(K)
135. What are the important anatomical features of Monocot root?(K)
136. What are the important anatomical features of Dicot stem?(K)
137. What are the important anatomical features of Monocot stem(K)
138. What are the important anatomical features of Dicot leaf?(K)
139. What are the important anatomical features of Monocot leaf?(K)
140. What is secondary growth? Mention the two meristems involved in it. (K)
141. Explain how cambial ring is formed in dicot stem.(U)
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

153. Draw a neat labeled diagram to show the anatomical features of Dicot root(S)
155. Draw a neat labeled diagram to show the anatomical features of Monocot root(S)
156. Draw a neat labeled diagram to show the anatomical features of Dicot stem (S)
157. Draw a neat labeled diagram to show the anatomical features of Monocot stem (S)
158. Draw a neat labeled diagram to show the anatomical features of Dicot leaf(S)
159. Draw a neat labeled diagram to show the anatomical features of Monocot leaf(S)
160. Differentiate between the anatomy of Dicot root and monocot root (U)
161. Differentiate between the anatomy of Dicot stem and monocot stem(U)
162. Differentiate between the anatomy of Dicot leaf and monocot leaf(U)
163. Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf with the help of labeled diagrams.(U)
164. Explain the different structures of epidermal tissue system and state their function.(U)

CHAPTER 7: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Write a note on the proventriculus of Cockroach. (U)

2. Why cockroaches are considered as serious pests? (U)
3. Write two distinct characters of male frogs. (K)
4. Name the types of respiration in frog. (K)
5. List the different sense organs present in frog. (K) 83. Differentiate between male & female
cockroach.(U) THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

84. Write a note on Endocrine system of Frog. (U)

85. Briefly explain the Neural system/Nervous system of Frog. (U)
86. Briefly explain sensory system of Frog. (U) 106. Write three benefits of frogs. (K)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

107. Enumerate morphological features of Frog. (U)

108. Draw a neat labelled diagram of digestive system of Frog. (S)
109. Explain the process of digestion in Frog. (U)
110. Explain circulation/vascular system in Frog. (U)
111. Describe the process of excretion in Frog. (U)
112. Explain the nervous of system of Frog. (U)
113. Briefly explain endocrine system and sensory system in frog (U)
114. Draw a neat labelled diagram of male reproductive system of frog. (S)
115. Draw a neat labelled diagram of female reproductive system of frog. (S)

UNIT 3: CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER 8: CELL: THE UNIT OF LIFE

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

8. State ‘cell theory’. (K)

9. Briefly explain the modified cell theory. (U)
10. List four types of organisms that represent prokaryotic cell. (K)
11. Name the four basic shapes of bacteria. (K)
12. What are plasmids? Mention any one special character conferred by plasmids. (K)
13. Distinguish Gram positive bacteria from Gram negative bacteria. (U)
14. What are mesosomes? Mention any one function. (K)
15. Classify the bacteria based on Gram’s staining. (U)
16. Differentiate between pili and fimbriae. (U)
17. What are inclusion bodies? Give an example. (K)
18. Write the importance of fluid nature of plasma membrane. (K)
19. Classify the membrane proteins based on the ease of extraction. (U)
20. What is active transport? Give an example. (K)
21. Write the benefits of fluid nature of the membrane. (K)
22. Mention any four functions of cell wall. (K)
23. Name the four endomembrane organelles. (K)
24. Why mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes though membranous are not a part of endomembrane
system? (A)
25. Name two types endoplasmic reticulum with any one function of each. (K)
26. Name the compartments created by ER in the intracellular space. (K)
27. Sketch and label Golgi apparatus. (S)
28. Name the two faces of cisternae of Golgi Apparatus. (K)
29. Write the functions of cis and trans face of Golgi Apparatus. (K)
30. List out the functions of Golgi Apparatus. (K)
31. List the hydrolytic enzymes present in Lysosomes. (K)
94. Name the vacuoles found in Amoeba and protists.
95. Write the functions of vacuole. (K)
96. What are the contents of stroma of chloroplast? (K)
97. Mention the cell organelles which contain both DNA and ribosomes. (K)
98. List the types of ribosomes found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (K)
99. Write the components of ribosomes. (K)
100. What does ‘S’ stand for in 70s type of ribosomes? (U)
101. Write the functions of cytoskeleton. (U)
102. Draw a diagram of cilia depicting internal structure of cilia. (S)
103. Write the functions of Nuclear pores. (K)
104. Name the animal cell and plant cell which lack Nucleus. (K)
105. What is chromatin made up of? (K)
106. Classify the chromosomes based on the position of centromere. (U)
107. List four types of chromosomes based on position of centromere. (U)
108. Draw diagrams of four types of chromosomes based on centromere. (S)
109. What are satellites? (K)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

110. Multicellular organisms have division of labour. Explain. (U)

111. Cell is the basic unit of life. Discuss in brief. (U)
112. Write a short note on Glycocalyx. (K)
113. List any six functions of mesosomes. (U)
114. Name the three components of bacterial flagellum. (K)
115. List out the functions of plasma membrane. (K)
116. List out the chemical components found in cell wall of algae and plants. (K)
117. Write a short note on cell wall (U)
118. Draw a neat labelled diagram of Endoplasmic reticulum. (S)
119. Differentiate smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum. (U)
120. Briefly explain the structure of Golgi Apparatus? (U)
121. Write a short note on functions of Golgi Apparatus. (U)
122. Draw a neat labelled diagram of Mitochondria? (S)
123. What are the contents of mitochondrial matrix and what is their function? (K)
124. Classify the plastids based on the type of pigments they contain? (U)
125. List different types of plastids. (K)
126. Explain the three types of plastids. (U)
127. List the three different types of Leucoplasts & mention the type of reserve food material they store. (K)
128. Draw a neat labelled diagram of chloroplast. (K)
129. Write a short note on centrosome. (U)
130. Explain hub and spokes with respect to centrioles. (U)
131. What is cytoskeleton? Write any two functions. (K)
132. Draw a neat labelled diagram of nucleus. (S)
133. Mention the functions of the following: (k)
a) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Ribosomes
c) Mitochondria
134. Which organelle is called Packaging apparatus & why? (U)
135. Draw a labelled diagram depicting internal structure of cilia.(S)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

136. Describe the structure of prokaryotic cell. (U)

137. List out the salient features of prokaryotic cell. (K)
138. Write any five differences between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. (U)
139. Draw a neat labelled diagram of plant cell. (S)
140. Draw a neat labelled diagram of animal cell. (S)
141. Distinguish plant cell from animal cell. (U)
142. Explain Fluid Mosaic Model of plasma membrane. (U)
143. Explain the structure of mitochondria with a neat labelled diagram. (U)
144. Describe the structure of chloroplast with a neat labelled diagram. (U)
145. Describe the structure of sectional view of cilia with the help of a diagram. (U)
146. Explain the structure of nucleus with a neat labelled diagram. (U)
147. Describe the structure of chromosome. (U)
148. Name the organelles in which following structures are found: (K)
a) Cisternae
b) Cristae
c) Thylakoids
d) Nucleolus
e) Tonoplast
149. a) Classify the chromosomes based on the position of centromere. (U)
b) Many nucleoli are found in cells involved in protein synthesis. Why? (U)
c) Draw a neat labelled diagram of Nucleus. (S)

150. Name the following:

a) Power house of the cell
b) Site of steroidal hormone synthesis
c) Reservoir of hydrolytic enzymes
d) Packaging units of cell
e) Locomotory structures of cell
 CHAPTER 9: BIOMOLECULES

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name the inorganic compound found in living organisms(K)

2. Write the difference between fats and oils. [K]
3. What are competitive inhibitors? Give an example. [K]
4. Write the structural formula for amino acid Alanine. [S]
5. Write the structural formula for amino acid Serine. [S]
6. Write the structural formula for amino acid Glycine. [S]
7. Write any two differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. [U]
8. What are phospholipids? Give one example. [K]
9. What are Nucleosides? Give an example. [K]
10. Write the any four functions of proteins. [U] 147
11. Write difference between Nucleoside & Nucleotide
12. Write the cyclic structure of glucose and ribose. [S]
13. What do you call first amino acid and last amino acid in a polypeptide chain? [K]
14. Write any two differences between primary and secondary metabolites. [U]
15. What is the significance of Nucleic acid? [U]
16. What is anabolic pathway? Give an example. [K]
17. What is catabolic pathway? Give an example. [K]
18. Write the graphical representation of temperature and pH on enzyme activity. [U]
19. Write any two differences between nucleoside and nucleotide. [U]
20. Amino acids are called α-amino acids and substituted amino acids. Justify. [U]
21. Nucleotides are phosphorylated nucleosides. Justify. [U]
22. Name the four types proteins based on structure. [U]

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. The power of enzyme is incredible. Explain this with synthesis of carbonic acid as an example. [R]
2. Write a note on three factors affecting enzyme activity. [K]
3. Write any three salient features of B-DNA. [U]
4. What are the three distinct components of a nucleotide? [K]
5. Explain: (a) Peptide bond (b) glycosidic bond (c) phosphodiester bond. [U]
6. Write the reaction to show how phosphodiester bond occurs between two nucleotides. [U]
7. What are essential and non essential amino acids? Give one example for each. [K]
8. What are apoenzymes? How they catalyses the biochemical reaction? Give an example. [K]
9. Briefly explain three kinds of co-factors. [U]
10. Classify the amino acids based on number of amino group and carboxyl group with one example. [U]

11. Give 3 examples of complex polysaccharides in nature. [K]

FIVE MARKS QUESTION:

1. Explain the factors affecting enzyme activity in biochemical reaction. [U]

2. Explain the characters of enzymes. [U]
3. Explain the steps involved in enzyme action. [U]
4. Write the classification of enzymes based on reactions with example. [U]
5. Explain how do enzymes bring about high rate of chemical conversions? [U]
6. Explain the secondary structure of DNA. [U]
7. What is the dynamic state of body constituents and how is it related to metabolism. [U]
8. What are proteins? Write four functions of proteins. [K]
9. Explain with a graphical representation how do enzymes bring about such high rates of chemical
conversions? [U]
10. What is Enzyme-substrate complex? Write the four steps of catalytic cycle of an enzyme. [K]

CHAPTER 10: CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Why mitosis is called as equational division. Justify. [R]

2. What are the organelles which disappear at the end of prophase in mitosis? [K]
3. Explain how syncytium condition is formed in some organisms. Give an example for it. [U]
4. Write difference between Animal and Plant mitotic division with respect to ploidy. [U]
5. Draw a neat labeled diagram of cell cycle. [S]
6. Mention the four phase of Mitosis. [U]
7. Describe the events taking place during interphase. [S]
8. Name the two basic phases of cell cycle. [K]

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Write the significance of Meiosis. [U]

2. Explain Prophase of Mitosis. [U]
3. Explain Metaphase of mitosis. [U]
4. Explain Anaphase of mitosis. [U]
5. Draw a neat labeled diagram of Metaphase and Anaphase of mitosis. [S]
6. Write a note on Diplotene of prophase-I of meiosis. [U]
7. Write a note on pachytene of prophase-I of meiosis. [U]
8. Name the cell organelles which reappear after Telophase in mitosis. [K]
9. What are the events of Diplotene stage?(K)
10.What are the events of Pachytene stage?(K)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. With neat labeled diagram explain the events of cell cycle. [S]
2. Explain the stages of mitosis with neat labeled diagram. [S]
3. Describe the events of prophase-I of meiosis-I. [S]
4. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis. [S]
5. Explain meiosis-II with neat labeled diagram. [S]
6. Write the significance of mitosis. [U]
7. Explain how cytokinesis occurs in plant cell and animal cell. [S]
8. Explain the process of cytokinesis in Mitosis. [U]
9. With respect to Meiosis – Define the following. [K]
a) Bivalent b) Recombination nodules c) Crossing over
d) Recombination e) Chiasmata

UNIT 4: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

CHAPTER 13: PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Explain an experiment to show that photosynthesis takes place only in green parts of the plant.(U)
2. Draw a labelled diagram of a chloroplast. (S)
3. Mention the two main steps of photosynthesis. (K)
4. Mention the names of photosynthesis pigments. (K)
5. What is a photosystem? Mention its components(K)
6. Draw a neat labelled diagram of light harvesting complex. (S)
7. What is light harvesting complex? (K)
8. Explain how oxygen is evolved by splitting of water. (U)
9. Why ATP and NADPH are called reducting powers. (K)
10. Explain why non cyclic photophosphorylation (z-scheme) occurs only in grana lamellae but not in
stroma lamellae. (U)
11. Only ATP molecules are produced in cyclic phosphorylation, but not NADPH. Why?(A)
12. What are the requirements for chemiosmosis to occur?(K)
13. Mention the end products of light reaction. (K)
14. Even though dark reaction is not light dependent, it is indirectly dependent on the light. Discuss(A)
 15. RuBisCo is an enzyme that acts both as carboxylase and oxygenase. Justify(A)
16. How many molecules of ATP and NADPH are required to produce one molecule of Glucose? (K)
17. Name the two different carboxylase enzymes involved in c4 pathway.(K)
18. RuBisCo has affinity towards both co2 and o2.Discuss (A)
19. Mention the internal factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis. (K) 20. Mention the external
factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis. (K)
21. Photosynthesis is important for two reasons. What are they?
22. Name the hydrogen donor of green plants and purple and green sulphur bacteria. (K)
23. Most of the photosynthesis takes place in the blue and the red regions of the spectrum, however
some photosynthesis does take place at other wavelengths of the visible spectrum. Explain(U) 24.
List the events of photochemical phase. (K)
25. Write differences between PSI and PSII(U).
26. What is phosphorylation? Where does it take place?(K)
27. Write the functions of F0 and F1 of the ATPase enzyme. (K)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Explain half leaf experiment to show the necessity of c02 for photosynthesis(U)
2. During Priestley’s experiment , when he kept only the mouse and the burning candle, mouse died
and candle extinguished after sometime. why? (A)
3. During Priestly’s experiment , when he kept a mint plant with the mouse and the burning candle
,mouse stayed alive and the candle continued to burn.Why?(A)
4. Explain the experiment of Jon Ingenhousz to show to liberation of oxygen during photosynthesis(U)
5. Explain the experiment of T.W Engelmann to show that plants absorb blue and red light for
photosynthesis(U)
6. Explain the necessity of presence of pigments other than chlorophyll-a even though they are not
directly involved in the light reaction (A)
7. During Chemiosmotic method of ATP synthesis along with the protons released from water ,
additional protons from the matrix are transported to the lumen of the thylakoids.Dicuss (A)
8. Explain “KRANZ” anatomy found in the leaves of c4 plants(U)
9. Photorespiration does not occur in c4 plants .why?(K)
10. Photorespiration occurs only in c3 plants but not in c4 plants. why?(K)
11. C4 plants shows chloroplast dimorphism .Discuss(A)
12. Productivity of c4 plants is more than c3 plants. How? (K)
13. Even though only few mesophyll cells involve in bio synthetic calvin pathway among c4 plants they
are more productive. Discuss (A)
14. Suppose a plant has high concentrations of chlorophyll-b, xanthophylls and carotenoids. It lack
chlorophyll-a, can it carry out photosynthesis. Then why do the plants have these pigments?
15. List the events of ’Z’ scheme(K)
16. Name the two parts of ATPase enzyme. What are their roles?(U)
17. The possible location of cyclic photophosphorylation is stroma lamellae. Justify with reasons.(U)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

 1. Explain the bell jar experiment of Priestly to demonstrate the role of air in growth of green plants(U)
2. Explain the Z scheme of light reaction(U)
3. Give the schematic representation of the Z scheme(S)
4. Explain the non cyclic photophosphorylation(U)
5. Explain the cyclic photophosphorylation(U)
6. Mention the differences between cyclic and non cyclic photophosphorylations(U)
7. Explain the chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP-synthesis(U)
8. Give the schematic representation to show ATP –synthesis through chemiosmosis.(S)
9. What is a proton gradient? How is it formed between the lumen of the thylakoid and stroma of the
chloroplast?(U)
10. Give the schematic representation of calvin cycle or Give the schematic representation of c3 cycle (S)
11. Explain Calvin cycle or c3 cycle(U)
12. Give the schematic representation of c4 pathway or hatch-slack pathway (S)
13. Explain c4 pathway or Hatch-slack pathway of co2 reduction(U)
14. In c4 pathway carboxylation occurs twice .Discuss(A)
15. The c3 pathway occurs in the bundle sheath cells of c4 plants but not in the mesophyll cells.
Discuss(A)
16. Explain the differences between c3and c4 plants(U)
17. C4 plants are more efficient photosynthetically than c3 plants-Justify (A)
18. Explain the Blackman’s law of limiting factor by taking the example of light as one of the factor (U)
19. Explain the factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis(U)
20. Calvin pathway occurs in all the mesophyll cells of c3 plants. In the c4 plants, it does not take place in
the mesophyll plants but only in the bundle sheath cells. Justify (U)
CHAPTER 14: RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name the respiratory substrates other than glucose.(K)

2. Name the organs used for gaseous exchange in plants.(K)
3. Write the overall chemical equation of cellular respiration.(K)
4. Mention two steps of glycolysis where ATP is utilized.(K)
5. List the two types of fermentation.(K)
6. Differentiate alcoholic fermentation from lactic acid fermentation. (U)
7. Distinguish between fermentation and aerobic respiration.(U)
8. Differentiate glycolysis from Kreb’s cycle.(U)
9. Differentiate respiration from combustion.(U)
10. What are respiratory substrates? Name the most common respiratory substrate. (K)
11. List two steps of glycolysis where ATP is synthesised. (K)
12. Write a note on alcoholic fermentation.(U)
13. Write a note on lactic acid fermentation.(U)
14. Mention the crucial events/steps of aerobic respiration. (K)
15. Mention the different components of ETS. (K)
16. What is respiratory quotient? Write RQ value for fats. (K)
17. What is respiratory quotient? Write RQ value for Carbohydrates. (K)
18. Distinguish between herbivores and carnivores.(U)
19. Name the structures of plants which help in gaseous exchange.(K)
20. Write function of F1 head piece and F0 factors in ATP synthesis.(K)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Plants can get along without respiratory organs. Substantiate the statement with three valid reasons. (A)
2. Write a note on oxidation decarboxylation of pyruvate in mitochondria. (K)
3. What are the main steps in aerobic respiration? (K)
4. Write a note on fermentation.(U)
5. Write a note on ATP synthase of ETS(U)
6. Draw a diagram to show ATP synthetase in mitochondria.(S)
7. What are the assumptions during the calculation of net gain of ATP? (K)
8. Distinguish between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.(U)
9. Distinguish glycolysis from fermentation.(U)
10. Distinguish glycolysis from citric acid cycle.(U)
11. Distinguish between fermentation and aerobic respiration. (U)
12. Based on need what are the three pathways that decide metabolic fate of pyruvate? (K)
13. Name the three enzymes which catalyse alcoholic fermentation. (K)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Give the schematic representation of glycolysis. (S)

2. Explain the steps of glycolysis. (S)
3. Give the schematic representation of overall view of Kreb’s cycle. (S)
4. Describe ETS.(U)
5. Discuss ‘the respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway’.(U)
6. Briefly explain the events of Kreb’s cycle.(U)
7. Explain the steps where ATP and NADH+H+ synthesis takes place during glycolysis.(U)
8. Give schematic representation of tricarboxylic acid cycle.(S)
9. Write the schematic representation Electron Transport System.(S)

CHAPTER 15: PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name two auxins obtained from plants.(K)

2. Name any two synthetic auxins.(K)
3. Differentiate between determinate and indeterminate growth. (U)
4. Name the meristematic tissue responsible for primary growth and secondary growth. (K)
5. Mention the parameters used to measure the growth in plants. Give an example. (K)
6. Write the characteristics of cells in the meristematic phase of growth. (K)
7. List the characteristics of cells of elongation phase of growth in plants. (U)
8. Draw the graphical representation of arithmetic growth in plants. (S)
9. Draw the graphical representation of geometrical growth in plants. (S)

10. Explain the terms:

a) Absolute growth rate
b) Relative growth rate (K)
11. Write a note on conditions required for growth. (U)
12. Distinguish between differentiation and dedifferentiation. (U)
13. Differentiate differentiation from redifferentiation. (U)
14. Differentiate dedifferentiation from redifferentiation. (U)
15. Define plasticity. Give two examples. (K)
16. Which are the two types of plant growth regulators? (K)
17. What are plant growth promoters? Give an example. (K)
18. What are plant growth inhibitors? Give an example. (K)
19. Mention any two groups of plant growth regulators with growth promoting properties. (K)
20. Name two plant growth regulators with growth inhibiting property. (K)
21. Differentiate absolute growth rate from relative growth rate. (U)
22. Name two synthetic auxins used in agricultural and horticultural practice. (K)
23. Name two natural auxins isolated from plants. (K)
24. List any four horticultural applications of auxins. (U)
25. What is apical dominance? Mention the hormone responsible for it. (K)
26. What is bolting? Mention the hormone which induces bolting. (K)
27. Mention any four physiological effects of gibbereliins. (K)
28. List any four physiological effects of cytokinins. (U)
29. Name two hormones which promote abscission. (K)
30. What is respiratory climactic? Name the hormone responsible for this phenomenon. (K)
31. Define seed dormancy. Name the plant growth regulator which causes seed dormancy. (K)
32. Write any four applications of Ethylene. (K)
33. Mention the extrinsic factors which control plant growth and development. (K)
34. “Both growth and differentiation in higher plants are open” – Comment. (U)
35. What do you understand by photoperiodism and vernalization? (K)
36. List any two physiological effects of abscisic acid. (U)
37. Differentiate long day plants from short day plants. (U)
38. Differentiate long day plants from day neutral plants. (U)
39. Differentiate between short day plants from day neutral plants. (U)
40. Write a note one discovery of auxins. (U)
41. Write a note on discovery of gibberellins. (U)
42. Write a note on discovery of cytokinins. (U)
43. Explain inhibitory effects of auxins with help of an example. (U)
44. What will you do to prevent leaf fall and fruit drop in plants? Support you answer with reason.(U)
45. How does ABA acts as an antagonist to Gibberellic acid? (U)
46. What is senescence? What are its causes? (K)
47. In most plants the terminal bud suppresses the development of lateral buds. What is this phenomenon
called? Name the plant growth regulator that can promote this phenomenon. (K)
48. What are biennials? Give two examples.(K)
49. Abscisic acid is a stress hormone. Substantiate giving two reasons.(A)
50. What is naturally occurring cytokinin called? Name the substance from which it is obtained.(K)
51. Which are the two processes of development?(K)
52. Differentiation in plants is open. Justify (A)
53. Explain plasticity in Larkspur and Buttercup plants. (U)
54. Name two subtypes of factors which constitute intrinsic factors that help in development.(K)
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Describe the different phases of growth in plants. (U)

2. Briefly discuss the arithmetic growth along with its mathematical expression. (U)
3. Briefly describe the geometrical growth. (U)
4. Write a note on different conditions required for growth in plants.
5. Define the following terms:
a) Differentiation
b) Dedifferentiation
c) Redifferentiation
6. Write the schematic representation showing sequence of developmental process in a plant cell. (S)
7. Explain plasticity with two examples. (U)
8. List the characteristics of plant growth regulators. (U)
9. Classify the plants on the basis of requirement of light for flowering (photoperiodism). (U)
10. Write a note on vernalization. (U)
11. Which are of the plant growth regulators will you be using, if you are asked to
a) Quickly ripen a fruit
b) Induce rooting in a twig
c) Delay leaf senescence (U)
12. Both short day plant and long day plant can produce flower simultaneously in given place. Explain. (U)
13. Write a note on abscisic acid. (U)
14. Mention any two causes of seed dormancy. Mention its significance. (K)
15. List any six physiological functions of auxins. (U)
16. List any six physiological functions of gibberellins. (U)
17. List any six physiological functions of cytokinins. (U)
18. List any six physiological functions of Ethylene. (U)
19. What would be expected to happen if
a) Gibberellic acid is applied to rice seedling
b) Dividing cells stop differentiating
c) You forget to add cytokinin to culture medium. (A)
20. Shoot apices which modify into flowers by themselves cannot perceive photoperiods. Then how does
photoperiodism affects flowering?(U)
21. Winter crop plants should be planted in autumn. Why ?(A)
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Explain the arithmetic growth along with its graphical representation. (U)
2. Draw the sigmoid (S) curve showing geometric growth. Explain the different phases of geometric
growth. (U)
3. List five main groups of natural plant growth regulators.
4. Write a note on discovery, physiological functions & agricultural/horticultural applications of auxins. (U)
5. Write a note on discovery, physiological functions and agricultural/horticultural applications of
gibberellins. (U)
6. Write a note on discovery, physiological functions and agricultural/horticultural applications of
cytokinins. (U)
7. Write a note on discovery, physiological functions and agricultural/horticultural applications of ethylene.
(U)
8. Write a note on discovery, physiological functions and agricultural/horticultural applications of abscisic
acid. (U)
9. What is photoperiodism ? What is its significance? (U)
10. What is vernalization? What is its significance? (U)
11. Discuss the practical applications of growth regulators. (U)
12. Write a note on long day, short day and day neutral plants. (U)
13. List the physiological functions of Ethylene. (U)
14. List the physiological functions of cytokinins. (U)
15. Discuss briefly the role of light and temperature on initiation of flowering. (U)
16. Match the fallowing hormones with their discoverers.(K)
1. Auxins a. E. Kurosava
2. Cytokinins b. F. Skoog
3. Gibberellins c. F.T.Addicott
4. Ethylene d. F.W.Went
5. Abscisic acid e. Cousins

UNIT 5: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

CHAPTER 17: BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

43. Describe the structure of the diffusion membrane of alveoli. (u)

44. Give two examples of lower invertebrates, which breathe through simple diffusion. (k)
45. What is the use of oxygen dissociation curve? (k)
46. Which are the two stages of breathing? (k)
47. What are the factors which enable the binding of oxygen to haemoglobin?
48. Name two centres of our brain which regulates respiration. (k)
49. Mention any two disorders of the respiratory system. (k)
50. Write a brief note on asthma. (u)
51. Write a brief note on emphysema. (u)
52. Workers in certain industries involve in grinding and stone breaking. Why should they wear protective
masks? (a)
53. Distinguish between IRV and ERV. (u)
54. Distinguish between vital capacity and total lung capacity. (u)
55. Define vital capacity. What is its significance? (u)
56. What are the major layers of the diffusion membrane? (k)
57. Define total lung capacity. How is it calculated? (u)
58. Which fluid filled membrane covers the lungs? What are its major functions? (u)
59. Name the organs of respiration in the following organisms: (a) Insects (b) Birds. (k)
60. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the oxygen dissociation curve. (s)
61. What is the importance of the conducting part of the respiratory system? (u)
62. Mention the factors which affect the rate of diffusion in the alveoli. (k)
63. What are the four functions of the conducting part of the respiratory system? (k)
64. What happens when:(a) Partial pressure of Carbon dioxide is increased? (b) Partial pressure of Oxygen
is decreased?
65. Name the important parts involved in creating a pressure gradient between lungs and the
atmosphere during normal respiration. (k)
66. Differentiate between Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder.(u)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

67. Explain the different parts of the respiratory tract in human beings. (u)
68. Define respiration. Mention the steps involved in respiration. (k)
69. Name the organs of respiration in the following animals: (a) Earthworm, (b) insects and (c) fish. (k)
70. Explain the role of muscles in the mechanism of breathing. (u)
71. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a section of alveolus with the pulmonary capillary. (s)
72. How is respiration regulated in the human body? (u)
73. Discuss the oxygen dissociation curve and the factors which help in the transport of oxygen. (a)
74. Explain how carbonic anhydrase helps in respiration. (u)
75. Discuss the variation in percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide transported through plasma and
haemoglobin. (a)
76. Explain the following respiratory volumes: (a) Inspiratory reserve volume (b) Expiratory reserve volume
and (c) residual volume. (u)
77. Briefly describe the role of neural system in regulation of respiration.
78. What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion between the blood and tissues? (U)
79. State the different modes of carbon dioxide transport in blood. (K)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

80. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the respiratory system of human being. (s)
81. List the five steps in respiration in a human being. (k)
82. Describe in brief the respiratory organs of man. (u)
83. Explain the mechanism of breathing in human being with neat labelled sketches. (u)
84. Explain how oxygen is transported from lungs to the tissues in human beings. (u)
85. Explain how carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to the lungs in human beings. (u)
86. What are pulmonary capacities? Discuss and give their approximate volumes. (a)
87. Explain the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and tissues with a neat labelled
diagram. (u)
88. Explain the role of neural system in regulation of respiration. (u)
18: BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name the circulatory fluids in human body. (K)

2. Name the types of Leucocytes in human blood. (K)
3. What are the blood group types in humans?(K)
4. List the functions of Lymph. (K)
5. Name the chambers of the heart. (K)
6. Explain coronary circulation.(U)
7. Normal BP is represented as 120/80 mm of Hg. What do the numbers represent?(A)
8. Name the types of blood groups in man.(K)
9. What is the basis for blood grouping in man? (K)
10. State the composition of plasma of blood.(K)
11. Name the phagocytic cells of the human blood.(K)
12. Mention any two secretions of Basophils involved in inflammatory reactions.(U)
13. List any two differences between antigen and antibody.(U)
14. What is myogenic heart? Give one example. (K)
15. Name the components of conduction system of the heart.(U)
16. What is double circulation? Mention its significance. (U)
17. What is hypertension? Mention the effects of hypertension. (U)
18. Name the types of circulatory systems in organisms.(K)
19. Differentiate open circulatory system and closed circulatory system.(U)
20. Draw a labeled diagram of a standard electrocardiograph.(S)
21. Describe the waves of the electrocardiograph.(U)
22. Describe systemic circulation.(U)
23. Name the organs connected by the hepatic portal system.(K)
24. Name the nerves that regulate the functions of the heart.(K)
25. Explain coronary artery disease.(U)
26. Describe angina pectoris.(U)
27. Explain heart failure.(U)
28. Why do you call blood circulation in frogs as incomplete double circulation? (U)
29. Why is blood considered as a connective tissue?(U)
30. Differentiate between Diastole & Systole. (U)
31. Differentiate between heart sounds. (U)
32. Differentiate between cardiac arrest and Heart attack. (U)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name the formed elements of blood. (K)

2. Name the types of granulocytes. (K)
3. Explain erythroblastosis foetalis. (U)
4. Describe the phenomenon of blood coagulation. (U)
5. Write a note on Electrocardiograph. (U)
6. Name the types of blood circulation. (K)
7. Name the major proteins of blood plasma. (K)
8. Name any three disorders of the circulatory system.(K)
9. Write the symptoms of CAD(coronary artery diseases)(K)
10. Write the symptoms of ’Angina pectoris’. (K)
11. Write the symptoms of Heart failure. (K)
12. Write the symptoms of Hyper tension. (K)
13. How to distinguish between Basophill, monocyte and neutrophils. (U)
14. With respect to cardiac activity explain the role of a)ANS b)parasympathetic Signals c)Hormones (U)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Draw a neat-labeled diagram of the V S of human heart. (S)

2. With a neat-labeled diagram explain the structure of human heart. (S)
3. Describe the conduction system of the heart. (U)
4. Explain the types of blood circulation in man.(U)
5. What is double circulation? Describe with reference to human heart.(U)
6. Explain the blood clotting mechanism in human beings. (U)
7. Explain the ABO blood grouping of human blood. (U)
8. Draw a labeled diagram of the blood circulation in man.(S)
9. Draw a standard ECG and explain the different segments in it. (S)
10. Explain different types of blood groups and donor compatibility by making a table.(U)
11. Explain the events of a Cardiac cycle. (U)
12. Explain the function of Lymph. (U)

CHAPTER 19: EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name four metabolic wastes produced by organisms.(K)

2. Define excretion. Mention any two nitrogenous wastes produced during metabolism.(K)
3. What are ammonotelic organisms? Mention two examples.(K)
4. What are ureotelic organisms? Mention two examples.(K)
5. What are uricotelic organisms? Mention two examples.(K)
6. Name the type of excretory waste produced in (K)
a) Bony fishes b) Marine fishes c) adult frogs d) Birds
7. Differentiate ammonotelic and ureotelic organisms with one example each.(K)
8. Differentiate ammonotelic and uricotelic organisms with one example each.(K)
9. Differentiate uricotelic and ureotelic organisms with one example each.(K)
10. Mention the excretory organs in (K)
a) Amphioxus b) Cockroach c) Earthworm 4) Prawn
11. Differentiate cortical nephrons and juxta medullary nephrons(K)
12. Name the layers of endotheliocapsular membrane.(K)
13. Mention the role of juxta medullary apparatus in the regulation of glomerular filtration rate.(U)
14. When is kidney transplanted & why the donor has to be a close relative?
15. How does PCT help in maintaining the ph and ionic balance of body fluids?(U)
16. Mention the role of Henle’s loop in urine formation.(U)
17. What is the role of collecting ducts in urine formation?(U)
18. Mention the role of vasopressin in urine formation.(U)
19. What is Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)? How does it check Renin – Angiotensin mechanism?(U)
20. List the role of aldosterone in kidney function.(K)
21. Mention the role of skin in excretion.(K)
22. Draw a labeled diagram of Malpighian body or Renal corpuscle(S)
23. What are the components of Malphighian corpuscle?
24. How is ammonia excreted by ammonotelic organisms?
25. Write the role of Renin?
26. Classify nephrons based on the length of Henle’s loop.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name the types of metabolic wastes produced by organisms.(k)

2. List the steps involved in the mechanism of urine formation.(k)
3. Explain the role of the tubules of the nephron in urine concentration mechanism.(u)
4. Explain haemodialysis.(u)
5. Name and explain any three disorders of the excretory system.(k)
6. Explain the role of Renin – Angiotensin in the regulation of kidney functions.(u)
7. What are sebaceous glands? Write its functions.(u)
8. What are the three layers through which glomerular filtration take place? (K)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Draw a neat-labeled diagram of human urinary system.(s)

2. Explain the structure of human excretory system with a neat –labeled diagram.(u)
3. Draw and label the parts of the longitudinal section of human kidney.(s)
4. Explain the anatomy of human kidney. (u)
5. With a neat-labeled diagram explain the structure of a nephron. (s)
6. Draw and label the parts of a nephron / uriniferous tubule. (s)
7. Describe the mechanism of urine formation in the nephrons.(u)
8. Explain the functions of nephron tubules in urine formation.(u)
9. Explain the mechanism of concentration of glomerular filterate.(u)
10. Describe the role of different hormones in the regulation of kidney function.(u)
11. Give a brief account of counter-current mechanism. (u)
12. Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion. (u)
13. Explain the role of Henle’s loop and vasa recta in the formation of concentrated urine. (u)

CHAPTER 20: LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

30. How cross bridge will form?(U)

31. Name the bands formed by specific arrangement of proteins. (U)
32. Write the difference between fascicles and fascia.(U)
33. Muscle fibres appear red and pale/ white. Why?(U)
34. Write the complex proteins associated with actin.(U)
35. Sketch and label sarcomere.(S)
36. Add a note on myosin monomer.(U)
37. Draw actin filament and show the location of troponin and tropomyosin.(S)
38. Mention functions of cilia in Paramecium.(U)
39. Write the differences between smooth muscles and rough muscles. (U)
40. Compare skeletal muscles with cardiac muscles. (U)
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. What is movement? With suitable example explain the types of movements.(U)

2. Name the type of movement found in Amoeba, Paramecium and limbs of mammals.(K)
3. Explain the arrangement of actin and myosin.(U)
4. With labelled sketch describe the structures of actin and myosin.(S)
5. Draw a diagram showing cross- bridge formation.(S) 6. List three types of muscles based on their
location.(K)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Repeated muscle contraction causes accumulation of lactic acid. Why? What is the effect of it? Specify
role of myoglobin. (A)
2. Why some muscles appear white? How they derive energy source?(U)
3. Explain mechanism of voluntary muscle contraction.(S)
4. Depict diagrammatically formation and breaking of cross bridge.(S)
5. What are contractile proteins? Explain its arrangement in rough muscles.(U) 6. Draw neat labelled
diagram of sarcomere.(S) 7. What are the following?
 a. Myofibrils b. Fascicles c. Fascia d. Sarcoplasm d. Regulator proteins 8. What are the different
types of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?

SKELETAL SYSTEM
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Draw and label vertebral column.(S)

2. What is appendicular skeleton? Name the parts.(K)
3. What is skull? Name it parts.(K)

THREE MARK QUESTIONS:

4. Name the bones of middle ear.(K)

5. Name the bones forming pelvic girdle (K).
6. List the three types of ribs.(K)
7. Enlist the types of vertebrae?
8. Explain significance of joints.(U)
9. List three types of joints.(K)

10. Enlist the parts of pectoral girdle. (K)

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS:

1. What is skeletal system? Write two divisions of skeletal system.(U)

2. What is rib cage? List the parts of it.(U)
3. Enlist the synovial joints and write the location of each joint.(U)
4. Explain the cause and symptoms of tetany, Arthritis and gout.(U)
5. What is i. Acromian ii. Glenoid iii. Scapula iv. Sternum v. Hyoid (K)
6. Enlist the bones forming forelimb.(K)
7. Enlist the bones forming hind limb.(K)
8. Name the type of joint between the following(A)

a. Atlas and Axis

b. Between phalanges
c. Femur and acetabulum
d. Pubic bone and pelvic girdle
e. Between cranial bones

CHAPTER 21: NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:
1. Differentiate between afferent and efferent nerve fibres.(U)
2. Name the systems which coordinates and integrate all the activities in human body.(K)
3. List the divisions of PNS.(K)
4. List the divisions of ANS. (K)
5. Mention the two parts of neural system in human.(K)
6. Differentiate between myelinated and nonmyelinated neuron. (U)
7. How synapse is formed? (U)
8. Name two types synapse.(K)
9. Why cerebral cortex appears grey? (U)
10. What is reflex action?(K)
11. Differentiate between grey and white matter.(U)
12. Differentiate cranial nerves and spinal nerves. (U)
13. What is somatic nervous system? Give one example.(A)
14. Mention any 4 functions of cerebrum.(U)
15. Explain the three types of ear ossicles. (U)
16. Mention the components of reflex arc.(A)
17. Write any four differences between cones and rods.(U)
18. Compare resting potential and action potential. (S)

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name the three cranial meninges. (K)

2. List the functions of neurons.(U)
3. Classify neurons based on number of axon and dendrites.(K)
4. What are parts of CNS? Mention its function. (U)
5. Mention the parts of neuron.(K)
6. Based on the number of axon and dendrites neurons are classified into three types.List the types.(U)
7. Explain polarised state of neural membrane.(A)
8. Add a note on electrical synapse. (A)
9. Explain the mechanism of reflex action. (U)
10. Enlist three parts of human brain.(K)
11. Enlist three functional areas of cerebral cortex. (U)
12. Explain the functions of association areas. (U)
13. List the parts forming hindbrain.(K)
14. Secretions for digestion, heart rate, breathing rate are controlled by medulla. Why?(A)
15. Explain the structure of cerebrum.(U)
16. Explain chemical synapses.(U)

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Draw a neat labeled diagram of sagital section of human brain.(S)

2. Illustrate the development of neural system from lower invertebrates to chordates.(A)
3. With suitable example plan the reflex pathway. (A)
4. Draw and label multipolar myelinated neuron.(S)
5. Explain selective permeability of neural membrane. (A)
6. Explain the mechanism of conduction of nerve impulse.(U)
7. Sketch and label axon terminal and synapse.(S)
8. Explain the chemical impulse transmission through synapse.(U)
9. List various functions of human brain.(K)
10. Describe the functions of hypothalamus. (A)
11. Draw sagittal section of human brain and label the parts.(S)
12. Explain the role of Na+ in the generation of action potential. (A)

CHAPTER 22: CHEMICAL COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION

TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Mention two types of hormones secreted by hypothalamus regulating the secretion of pituitary based
on their mode of action.(U)
2. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine gland.(U)
3. Enlist the target organ of hormone MSH and ACTH. (A)
4. Write a note on how the function of anterior pituitary is regulated by a hormone.(A)
5. Mention the two regions of pituitary based on the anatomy.(K)
6. Name the two portions of adenohypophysis.(K)
7. Mention the hormones of neurohypophysis.(K)
8. What is the function of neurohypophysis hormones?(U)
9. Mention the two regulations by melatonin.(A)
10. What are the symptoms seen in the growing baby of hypothyroidism pregnant woman?(A)
11. List the functions of thyroid hormone.(U)
12. Parathyroid hormone is called hypercalcemic hormone. Justify.(S)
13. Write a short note on functions of thymosin.(U)
14. Name two types of tissues in adrenal gland.(K)
15. Mention two hormones secreted from adrenal medulla.(U)
16. Write a note on functions of aldosterone.(U)
17. Mention the hormones secreted from : α cells and β cells of islets of Langerhans(K)
18. Write the difference between insulin and glucagon.(S)
19. Distinguish between hypoglycaemia and hyper glycaemia.(S)
20. What is TCT? What is its function? (U)
21. Why PTH is considered a hypercalcemic hormone? (U)
22. What are catecholamines? (U)
23. Which hormones are secreted during stress? (K)
24. Which is hyperglycaemic hormone?
25. Why glucagon is called hyperglycaemic hormone?
26. What is CCK? What are its functions?
27. It is essential to include Iodine in our diet. Justify.(A)
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name the disorder caused by the deficiency of the following hormones. (U)
a. Thyroxine b. Insulin c. Growth hormone
2. Explain hormones of fight and flight.(U)
3. Explain the role of thymosins.(S)
4. Enlist three layers of adrenal cortex.(K)
5. Enlist the functions of corticoids. (U)
6. Explain the role of ovarian hormones. (U)
7. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following
a. Diabetes mellitus b. Goitre c. Cretinism
8. Write the effects of hypothyroidism in pregnant woman.

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Name the endocrine gland in which the following hormones are synthesized. Write one
function for each hormone. (A)
a. Melatonin b. Glucagon c. Thyrocalcitonin
d. Progesterone e. Cortisol
2. What is adenohypophysis? List any six hormones secreted from it.(K)
3. Adrenalin and Noradrenalin are called as fight flight hormones .Justify.(A)
4. Mention the type of gland and cell type from which insulin is secreted add a note on its action.(A)
5. Explain the mechanism of protein hormone action with a diagrammatic representation.(S)
6. Explain the mechanism of steroid hormone action with a diagrammatic representation.(S)
7. Explain the role of different endocrine cells present in gastrointestinal tract.(S)
8. Define hormone. Explain four types of hormones based on their chemical nature. (U) 9. Explain the role
of ANF secreted by atrial wall.(U)
10. Write the hormone secreted by the following(K)
a. G-I tract b. Kidney c. Atrium d. Pancreas e. Ovary
11. Write one physiological function of a. LH b. GH c. Oxytocin d. Vassopressin e. TSH (K)
12. Write a note on testis as an endocrine gland.(K)
13. Write a note on ovary as an endocrine gland. (K)