Multiple Choice Test: The Matigsalug Tribe

1. Where is the Matigsalug tribe primarily located?

a) Luzon
b) Visayas
c) Mindanao
d) Palawan
2. The term "Matigsalug" translates to which of the following?
a) People of the land
b) People of the river
c) Warriors of the hills
d) Guardians of the forest
3. What is the main subsistence activity of the Matigsalug people?
a) Trade
b) Mining
c) Subsistence farming
d) Construction
4. Who is the supreme god in Matigsalug belief?
a) Ibabasok
b) Magbabaya
c) Dagingon
d) Bulalakaw
5. Which of the following is NOT a role of the Matigsalug Datu?
a) Settling disputes
b) Organizing religious ceremonies
c) Leading wars against neighboring tribes
d) Providing for the community
6. What is the justice system of the Matigsalug tribe based on?
a) Punishment through imprisonment
b) Restorative justice focused on reconciliation
c) Execution for major offenses
d) Written legal codes and documentation
7. How does the Matigsalug tribe pass down their history and cultural values?
a) Through formal schooling
b) Through written records
c) Through oral traditions, storytelling, and chants
d) Through governmental programs
8. Which weaving technique is commonly used by the Matigsalug people?
a) Hablon
b) Tinalak
c) Tinilogas
d) Batek
9. Which gender roles are typically associated with Matigsalug men?
a) Hunting and protecting the community
b) Weaving and household management
c) Harvesting crops and preparing food
d) Child-rearing and education
10. Why is storytelling crucial to the Matigsalug culture?
a) It serves as a form of entertainment only
b) It preserves history, laws, and cultural values
c) It replaces the need for other forms of art
d) It helps in trade negotiations
Essay:
The Matigsalug tribe values community harmony and uses a justice system focused
on reconciliation instead of punishment. Explain how this justice system helps
maintain peace in the community. How is it different from the justice systems we see
today, and what can we learn from it?

Answer Key:
c) Mindanao
b) People of the river
c) Subsistence farming
b) Magbabaya
c) Leading wars against neighboring tribes
b) Restorative justice focused on reconciliation
c) Through oral traditions, storytelling, and chants
c) Tinilogas
a) Hunting and protecting the community
b) It preserves history, laws, and cultural values
 SHEENMY A. MIRO CE
3A PIC

OBU MANUVU TRIBE

10 items multiple choice:

What does the term “Manobo” or “Manuvu” primarily mean?

A) River people
B) Indigenous people
C) Person or people
D) First settlers

The Obu Manuvu are a subtribe of the Manobo community formed

through intermarriages between which tribes?
A) Bagobo Klata and Bagobo Tagabawa
B) T’boli and Manobo
C) Bagobo and Higaonon
D) Tagakaulo and Manobo

In which areas do the Obu Manuvu predominantly live?

A) Coastal areas
B) Urban cities
C) River valleys, hillsides, and plateaus
D) Islands in Northern Luzon

What is the main source of livelihood for the Obu Manuvu?

A) Fishing
B) Farming
C) Weaving
D) Mining

The Obu Manuvu tribe’s cultural and spiritual beliefs are strongly tied
to their:
A) Traditional dances
B) Sacred texts
C) Ancestral lands
D) Jewelry and artifacts

What is “Pusaka” in the context of the Obu Manuvu culture?

A) A type of food
B) A sacred cultural heirloom or property
C) A festival celebrated yearly
D) A type of traditional clothing
Which of the following is NOT considered as part of Pusaka by the Obu
Manuvu?
A) Forests
B) Rivers
C) Shopping malls
D) Hunting grounds

The Pusaka declaration by Obu Manuvu helps in the protection of what

type of habitats?
A) Urban parks
B) Wildlife habitats of culturally significant species
C) Marine ecosystems
D) Desert areas

What species is culturally significant and protected under the Pusaka

framework?
A) Philippine Eagle
B) Asian Elephant
C) Komodo Dragon
D) Bengal Tiger

The Obu Manuvu’s Pusaka initiative contributes to:

A) Modernizing urban infrastructure
B) Climate change mitigation and forest restoration
C) Expanding commercial farming
D) Establishing tourism resorts

Essay Question:

Discuss how the concept of "Pusaka" reflects the values, beliefs, and
environmental stewardship of the Obu Manuvu tribe. In your
response, explore how this indigenous conservation framework can
offer lessons for modern environmental management and
sustainable development.
Answers:

C) Person or people
A) Bagobo Klata and Bagobo Tagabawa
C) River valleys, hillsides, and plateaus
B) Farming
C) Ancestral lands
B) A sacred cultural heirloom or property
C) Shopping malls
B) Wildlife habitats of culturally significant species
A) Philippine Eagle
B) Climate change mitigation and forest restoration
MANOBO TRIBE COMPREHENSIVE TEST

1. What is the believed origin of the Manobo people, and where did they
possibly migrate from?
a) Mainland Southeast Asia
b) Mindanao
c) Japan
d) Northern Luzon
2. Which regions in Mindanao are considered part of the ancestral lands of the
Manobo people?
a) Palawan and Cebu
b) Agusan, Davao, Bukidnon, Cotabato
c) Leyte and Samar
d) Metro Manila and Bohol
3. What does the term "Manobo" mean, and what are some alternate names
for this group?
a) "Forest people"; Minono, Maruvu
b) "Mountain people"; Manuwa, Manu
c) "River people"; Manuvu, Minuvu
d) "Sea people"; Minalu, Manuwa
4. How far does the Manobo ancestral land extend in the Mindanao island
group?
a) From Palawan to Cebu
b) From Sarangani Island to Misamis
c) From Manila to Cotabato
d) From Leyte to Davao
5. What is the significance of the term "Mansuba" in relation to the Manobo
people?
a) It refers to their belief system.
b) It refers to the river and their connection to it.
c) It means "people of the mountains."
d) It is a type of traditional Manobo dance.
6. What areas are included in the Manobo's ancestral domain, including both
islands and mainland regions?
a) Agusan, Sarangani, Davao, Cotabato
b) Mindoro, Samar, Bicol, Cebu
c) Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
d) Leyte, Bohol, Cebu, Negros
7. How does the term "Manobo" reflect the relationship between the people
and their environment, particularly rivers?
a) It refers to their traditional practices of fishing.
b) It connects them to their roots as "river people."
c) It reflects their reliance on mountain farming.
d) It signifies their migration to coastal areas.
8. What role did pre-colonial history play in shaping the origins and migration
of the Manobo people?
a) It introduced them to agriculture.
b) It shaped their migration patterns from mainland Southeast Asia.
c) It led to their settlement in the Visayas.
d) It isolated them from trade routes.
9. How do the alternate names for the Manobo group (Manuvu, Minuvu) reflect
the linguistic diversity within their culture?
a) They show the influence of neighboring tribes and dialects.
b) They reflect their trade relationships with neighboring islands.
c) They are based on Spanish colonial influence.
d) They are modern terms adopted for political reasons.
10. In what ways has the Manobo culture been influenced by their
geographical location in Mindanao?
a) Through their interactions with colonial powers.
b) Through their close relationship with rivers and mountains.
c) By their seafaring tradition.
d) By their isolation in urban areas.

ESSAY QUESTION:
"How do the heritage and traditions of the Manobo tribe reflect their deep connection
to nature, community, and spirituality, and what challenges do they face in preserving
these cultural practices in the modern world?"
Name: Mary Joy A. Panos
Section: BSCE – 3B
COMPREHENSION TEST

Test I. Multiple Choice.

Where is the Mansaka tribe located?
a) Luzon
b) Visayas
c) Mindanao
d) Palawan

What does the name "Mansaka" mean?

a) First people to live in the forest
b) First people to ascend the mountains
c) People of the sea
d) People of the plains

What were the Mansaka people known for historically?

a) Peaceful community
b) Nomadic warriors capturing slaves
c) Fishermen and traders
d) Potters and metalworkers

Which crops are part of the Mansaka tribe's farming practices?

a) Rice and wheat
b) Corn and coffee
c) Rice and corn
d) Tubers and tobacco

What is a traditional weapon used by the Mansaka for hunting?

a) Bow and arrow
b) Sumpitan (blowgun)
c) Sling
d) Sword

What is the name of the Mansaka tribe’s warrior-leader responsible for protecting the
clan?
a) Matikadong
b) Bagani
c) Maniklad
d) Balian

Which activity is part of the Pyagsawitan harvest celebration?

a) Building a new house
b) Weaving cloth
c) Singing and playing indigenous instruments
d) Hunting wild animals

Who typically officiates the Mansaka's spiritual rituals?

a) Bagani
b) Matikadong
c) Maniklad
d) Balian (shaman)

What material is used to make traditional Mansaka clothing?

a) Cotton
b) Silk
c) Abaca
d) Wool

What offerings are made to the manaog gods by the Mansaka tribe?
a) Gold and silver
b) Betel nut, areca leaves, and wine
c) Fruits and vegetables
d) Meat and dairy

Test II. Essay.

How did the historical migration and interactions with other cultures shape the Mansaka
tribe's identity and social structure?
AKIRIET-J B. URAGUCHI
BSCE – 3B
COMPREHENSION TEST – ETHNIC GROUP: MANDAYA
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The word Mandaya derives from the prefix Man meaning _________.
a. upstream
b. inhabitant of
c. child of
d. neighbor of

The_________, a sub principal group of the Mandaya, inhabit dense,

forested mountain areas, relying on hunting, gathering, and shifting
cultivation, with cultural practices tied to the forest.
Manwagi
Sapionan
Sugoanan
Allang

In Mandaya societal role, the_______, who are esteemed warriors and

leaders with high authority.
Allang
Bagani
Datu
Usog

The wife sings the _____ if her husband dies, and she must refrain from
singing until she remarries.
Dawot
Oman-oman
Tuok Sang
Dagmay

A person who becomes an enemy of the tribe is considered _________,

meaning they are shunned and excluded from the community.
Kasaban
Persona non grata
Tuok Sang
Allirot

According to Mandaya law the wife cannot have more than ____ husband.
One
Two
Three
Four

The Mandaya marriage is celebrated with_______, which signifies the

formal conclusion of the marriage process and the couple's transition into
married life
Pagtuon
Patulod
Pagtuod Da
Da Pagtuod

In Mandaya tradition, the body of the deceased is laid straight with hands
at the sides and covered with a _______, a cloth made from abaca fibers.
Dagmay
Sapionon
Gento
Abacay

In mandaya social stratification, the_______, wealthy individuals with

extensive agricultural holdings and abundant harvests, reflecting their
economic success.
1. Sapianon
2. Sapinoan
3. Dagmay
4. Dawot

In Mandaya family dynamic, _________ comprises parents and their

children, forming a core unit in their social organization.
1. Nuclear family
2. Standard family
3. Extended family
4. Casa de la familia

ESSAY: How do the traditional Mandaya language and its usage in daily life
and cultural practices reflect the community’s identity and social
cohesion, and what challenges does this language face in the context of
migration to modern cities and increased globalization?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________

ANSWER:
1. B 6. A
2. A 7. B
3. B 8. A
4. A 9. A
5. B 10. A
ALTHEA JANE A. ARAGON BSCE 3B

MULTIPLE CHOICES

Who serves as the religious leader, diviner, and healer in Ata

Manobo society?

A) Datu

B) Baylan

C) Bagani

D) Biyo

Answer: B) Baylan
Which type of pangayaw occurs when a man accidentally kills another
out of anger or grief?

A) Pamalo

B) Panalowsow

C) Panglibak

D) A’mara

Answer: B) Panalowsow
What is the Ata Manobo’s traditional way of settling conflicts is which
may be waged between individuals, families, or communities and is
triggered by a grievous transgression such as murder, dishonor, or
violation of an agreement?

A) Pangayaw

B) Duay

C) Gastu

D) Tinagag

Answer: A) Pangayaw

Under what condition is polygyny allowed among the Ata

Manobo?

A) Only if the first wife agrees and the husband can afford the
bride-price

B) Without the need for the first wife’s approval or any

financial requirement
 C) If the community elders approve of the practice

D) When the bride-price is paid by the second wife

Answer: A) Only if the first wife agrees and the husband can afford
the bride-price

Why do the Ata Manobo disapprove of using tubli for fishing?

A) It is too expensive

B) It kills not only the fish but also eggs and fingerlings

C) It attracts dangerous animals

D) It is illegal in their territory

Answer: B) It kills not only the fish but also eggs and fingerlings

What is the purpose of the thanksgiving panubad at the end of

the planting season?

A) To celebrate the harvest with a feast

B) To offer thanks to the supreme deity and deities for a

successful crop

C) To perform a cleansing ritual on the fields

D) To request additional rainfall for the crops

Answer: B) To offer thanks to the supreme deity and deities for a

successful crop

What is the cultural significance of tattoos among the

Matigsalug?

A) They are purely decorative with no cultural meaning

B) They are seen as trophies of conquest

C) They help guide the soul in the afterlife and express

identity

D) They are symbols of wealth and status

Answer: C) They help guide the soul in the afterlife and express
identity

What does the Ata Manobo woman’s ompak typically look like?

A) A long-sleeved, red blouse with intricate embroidery

B) A red, short blouse with striped patterns

 C) A white, floor-length gown with beaded designs

D) A yellow, short skirt with floral patterns

Answer: B) A red, short blouse with striped patterns

Which term was historically used by the Spaniards to refer to the

Ata Manobo and other upland peoples?

A) Tagalog

B) Igorot

C) Ata

D) Lumad

Answer: C) Ata

What is the primary purpose of the bilateral kinship structure in

Ata Manobo families?

A) To establish a hierarchy of authority

B) To strengthen familial ties and maximize limited resources

C) To dictate specific roles for men and women

D) To ensure a large number of offspring

Answer: B) To strengthen familial ties and maximize limited

resources

ESSAY

In what ways does the Ata Manobo's relationship with their

ancestral lands shape their cultural practices?
PRINCESS DIANE P. MANALO

Multiple-Choice Questions

What does the term "Bagobo" signify in terms of its linguistic

roots?

A. Ancient warriors from Mindanao

B. New growth along the Davao Gulf coast

C. An old settlement in the Davao region

D. A type of traditional Bagobo dance

Which group was mistakenly included among the Bagobo by early

ethnographers and Spanish missionaries?

A. The Manuvu

B. The Tagacaolo

C. The Attaw

D. The T'boli

What was the primary economic activity of the Bagobo in their

traditional economy?

A. Industrial manufacturing

B. Swidden agriculture and trade

C. Mining and forestry

D. Fishing and boat-making

What was Datu Manib’s response to the Spanish injunction

against human sacrifices?

A. He accepted the injunction and stopped the practice

B. He ignored it and continued the practice, leading to his imprisonment

C. He negotiated a compromise with the Spaniards

D. He fled to another region to avoid confrontation

During the American colonial period, which system was

introduced to the Bagobo that significantly altered their
traditional governance?
A. The barangay system

B. The tribal council system

C. The municipal and barrio government system

D. The chieftaincy system

What is the primary ritual performed by the Bagobo to mark the

beginning of the rice-planting season?

A. The balatik ceremony

B. The gin-em ceremony

C. The saksi ritual

D. The bagkes feast

In Bagobo religious beliefs, what role does Mandarangan play?

A. He is the god of the harvest

B. He is the god of war and resides in Mount Apo

C. He is the creator of the heavens

D. He is the deity of wealth and prosperity

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the traditional

Bagobo political system?

A. The bagani class is highly esteemed for their martial prowess

B. The datu was both a chief and a judge

C. The slave class was composed only of captured men

D. The mabalian (priestesses) were chosen through dreams and visions

What significant change did the Spanish colonization bring to

Bagobo settlements?

A. Introduction of new agricultural crops

B. Establishment of reducciones (colonized towns)

C. Enhancement of traditional Bagobo weaving techniques

D. Abolition of the barter system

What is the primary ingredient in the “langis” oil used in the

Bagobo’s syncretic religion?

A. Coconut oil
B. Rice wine

C. Sulfuric rock

D. Mountain herbs

Essay Question

Analyze the impact of colonialism and modernization on the

Bagobo people’s traditional society, focusing on their political
structure, economy, and religious practices. Discuss how Spanish
and American colonization altered their social and economic
systems, and examine the role of syncretic religious practices
such as “Langis” in preserving Bagobo cultural identity in the
face of these changes. Consider both the preservation of certain
traditional aspects and the adaptations made to integrate new
influences.

Answer Key
1. B. New growth along the Davao Gulf coast

2. A. The Manuvu

3. B. Swidden agriculture and trade

4. B. He ignored it and continued the practice, leading to his imprisonment

5. C. The municipal and barrio government system

6. A. The balatik ceremony

7. B. He is the god of war and resides in Mount Apo

8. C. The slave class was composed only of captured men

9. B. Establishment of reducciones (colonized towns)

10. A. Coconut oil