Traffic Control System Based on Density

Indexed Terms INTRODUCTION

A. Traffic Control System IR SENSORS
B. IR SensorS,
MICRO CONTROLLER
C. LED Lights
EXPLANATION
D. 8051 Microcontroller

CIRCUITCOMPONENTS
1. 8051 Microcontroller
2. Voltage Regulator INTRODUCTION - We are quite
Traffic light control systems
familiar with the manual based traffic
3. IR sensors are widely used to control and to
control system which involved
monitor the transport system. They
4. LEDs-12(4- Green, 4- deployment of a traffic police at
are mainly used to maintain a smooth
Red, 4- Amber) every junction who used to do the
traffic system on the busiest roads of
signaling sitting in a small hut.
5. Resistors the city. However, the
Traffic systems are of three types-
synchronization of multiple traffic
6. Capacitors Manually controlled Volume based
light systems at adjacent intersections
7. Transistors Time based traffic control system:
is a complicated problem. We are
Since it was a hectic job, so we have
8. PCB Board approaching with the concept of the
upgraded ourselves and we have
volume control traffic system. Here
switched to time-based traffic control
the traffic system is maintained based
system. But the problem is, since it is
on the count of the cars. The number
based upon pre-determined timing
of cars is to be counted by using the
control sequence it fails to handle the
sensors. The two type of the sensor –
dynamic nature of traffic. So many
the touch line sensors and the laser
times, it happens that even if there is
sensor. The touch line sensors are
no traffic still everyone has to wait.
sensitive enough to count the number
They are not flexible according to the
of cars but get easily damaged by
traffic intensity. Due to this a lot of
heavy vehicles. The laser sensors are
time is wasted and traffic congestion
used to detect the number of cars.
becomes a major issue. So, the
They are preferred due to their
answer of this problem is
directivity property.
volume/density-based traffic control
system with IR sensors. In this very
model, the system adjusts itself based
IR transmitter and receivers are used for the detection of any vehicle on road.
IR SENSORS - Whenever the IR receiver gets an obstruction in the path between IR transmitter and receiver
the resistance of the photo diode in the IR sensor changes and this change in resistance is converted to an electric
signal and passed to the microcontroller. To analyze the volume of traffic a counter is used along with IR sensors
which keep a count on the number of times the IR ray is obstructed. This count determines the frequency of the
traffic on that particular lane. The various units of the system are- I) A Display: An Arrangement of 3 LEDS are
used. RED, AMBER and GREEN are used for STOP, READY and GO. II) IR Sensors: The IR sensors detect the
presence of vehicles on road. Whenever a car passes the IR ray gets blocked. This causes the resistance of the photo
diode in the IR sensors to increase which is then converted to an electric signal and passed to the microcontroller.
When there is traffic the IR, sensors send a low voltage to the microcontroller and when there is no traffic it sends a
high voltage.
MICROCONTROLLER - Microcontroller 8051 is used. It is a 8 bit microcontroller with 4kb of ROM and
128 bytes of RAM. It has a crystal oscillator integrated having a crystal frequency of 12MHz. The microcontroller
is used to assign timing to the traffic lights on the different lanes based on traffic density. If the traffic density is
high it gives green light on that lane for more duration. The microprocessor is programmed in such a way that when
it receives a logic low signal from a lane the microcontroller gives green signal to that particular lane.
Explanation of Working of this System -When there is no vehicle the IR ray is not obstructed and the
photodiode receives the IR light and starts conducting. The photodiode is coupled with transistors. Due to
conduction the corresponding transistor also starts conducting and thus the output is high which send to the
microcontroller is. The microcontroller is programmed such that when it receives a logic high signal from any lane
it gives Red signal to that lane. Whenever the IR ray is obstructed by any vehicle the photodiode doesn't receive the
IR light and thus the corresponding transistor couldn't conduct and cuts off giving a voltage low as output. The
microcontroller is programmed such that when it receives a low signal it from a lane it will give Green signal to that
particular lane. Thus, the traffic system becomes flexible with traffic and controls the traffic on different lanes
basedTech
on the density.
Times Issue 00 Month Year
Due to continuous growth of population in the world, it is a great challenge for the upcoming generation to
manage the traffic system. Much improvement will come in the future. To manage the conventional transport
system, we should think of the intelligent and automatic way of controlling the system. As the population increases,
it increases the number of vehicles also. To control the huge number of vehicles the intelligent methods should be
adopted. In future purpose we can use the image sensor or imager. It does it work by producing the image of the
roads. It creates the image by converting the variable attenuation of light into signal that conveys the picture.
Imagers used the both digital and analog electronics devices.

By
DADIREDDY YASWANTHN REDDY-214G1A02B9
KURUBA SAI KUMAR-214G1A0290
GAINI SRINIVASULU-214G1A02A1