BACKGROUND DATA
The red data list, also known as the IUNC red list of threatened species. It provides
information on the extinction risk faced by different species and serves as a crucial tool for
conservation efforts.
The IUCN Red list categories and criteria:
The IUCN Red list categories indicate how close a species is to becoming extinct. The nine
red list categories are shown below:
The need to do investigatory project on endangered species:
Conducting an investigatory project on endangered species can help raise awareness about
the importance of conservation efforts and contribute to the preservation of this vulnerable
creature. The red data list is maintained by the International Union of Conservation of Nature
(IUCN) a global organization to assessing the conservation status of species.
It categorises species into different threat levels based on the criteria such as population size,
habitat loss, over exploitation and climate change impacts. The list includes various
categories ranging from “Least Concern” to extinct” with intermediate categories like
“venerable”, “endangered” and “uncritical endangered”.
Importance of the Red Data list:
1. Conservation Prioritization
2. Policy Development
3. Awareness and education
The main causes of endangered species that cause animals to become endangered:
1. Habitat Degradation
2. Invasive Species
3. Animal-Human Conflict
4. Overexploitation of Resource
5. Disease
6. Pollution
7. Highly Specialized Species
8. Genetic Diversity
9. Small Population
10. Climate Change
Terms and full forms:
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The IUCN red list provides
detailed assessments of the conservation status of thousands of species worldwide. It includes
information on population trends, distribution, threats, and conservation measures.
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is an authoritative reference publication that provides
comprehensive information on endangered species worldwide
Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is actively engaged in research across the breath of the
country on biodiversity related issues.
National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) it is under the Ministry of Environment,
Forests and Climate Change constituted under enabling provisions of the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972, as amended in 2006,for strengthening tiger conservation.
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is a nodal agency in
the administrative structure of central government for planning , co-ordinate and overseeing
the implementation of India’s environmental and forestry policies and programmes.
TIGERS
tigers are found to be endangered and threatened with extinction in 13 different countries
around the world. The International Union for Conservation of Nature ICUN song in “Red
List of threatened species” lists the tiger as endangered. Even worse of the 9 subspecies of
tiger, 3 are already extinct.
Tigers are among the most beloved and iconic of the big cats. Therefore, it's shocking when
people learn that 3 subspecies of tiger are already existing and that 3 subspecies - hey Amur,
Sumatran and Malayan tigers-each have fewer than 500 individuals in the world. Over the
last 30 years the world's tiger’s population has seen a 50% decline in species with less than
4000 living in the world. The largest threats to Bengal tiger survival are poaching on the
conservation of Bengal tigers habitat to agriculture. roads and other types of human
controlled space.
Tigers need white swath of habitat for survival since they have large home ranges and are
very territorial. Fewer tigers’ cancer when small, scattered island of habitat which leads to a
higher risk of inbreeding and makes tiger more vulnerable to poaching as they venture
beyond protected areas to establish their territories. This underscores the need to ensure
habitat connectivity between the protected areas where tigers live.
THE BENGAL TIGER (PANTHERA TIGRIS)
Bengal tigers are the largest of all living cats Bengal tigers have a heavy and stocky body and
there round face is framed by short and thick fur. Bengal tigers vary in colour from rich
orange to light yellow with strips that vary from pale grey to deep black. These tigers are
found India Bangladesh Nepal and Bhutan as well as in parts of Russia and China too. They
are commonly found in low land tropical rainforest on grassland where they hunt deer and
wild pigs.
They have ability to swim across rivers and catch pray along the banks or lurk within reads
until pray comes close enough for a sudden lunge. Bengal tigers will also eat snakes
monkeys’ birds and even other Bengal tigers too. This extremely rare species are in Red List
of threatened animals their population is very low totally below to 250 in the world.
REASON FOR EXTINCTION
Tigers are facing the threat of extinction due to a combination of factors most of them driven
by human activities some factors are listed Below:
1. Poaching and illegal
2.HABITAT LOSS AND FRAGMENTATION
3.HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT
4.CLIMATIC CHANGE
5.INBREEDING AND GENETIC DIVERSITY
6.PUBLIC AWARENESS AND SUPPORT
PROJECT TIGER:
Indira Gandhi launched project tiger on April 1, 1973, from Jim Corbett national
park in Uttar Pradesh (now in Uttarakhand). At the beginning of the 20th
century, India had between 20,000 and 40,000 tigers. But hunting had
decimated the population until they numbered around 2000 in the early 1970s.
After project tiger, their population has shown a gradual rise, with the 2018 tiger
census putting the number at 2,967.
Tiger reserves in India:
