Name : Ni Ketut Purnama
Number 7
Class : X Kuliner 3
UNIT 1: WHAT FABLES DO YOU LIKE TO READ?
A narrative is a text form that is written to entertain, provide insights, or communicate a
writer's ideas and perspectives. It may be either fiction or non-fiction and use language in
particular ways to communicate something significant. The purpose of a narrative is to tell
the audience a story. It can be written to motivate, educate, or entertain. One type of narrative
text is the fable.
A fable is written in the form of a story. A story includes characters and setting. Most stories
include a series of events. The events make up the story's plot.
A fable usually tells a story. It is formed as a short work of fiction. It contains a few
characters. Its generic structure or plot is usually very straightforward. The generic structure
follows a simple story pattern. Look at how simple the generic structure of a fable is.
Complication
A central problem or complication including rising action to a dramatic climax.
Orientation
Setting of a scene and introduction of the characters.
Resolution (moral lesson)
The complications are resolved.
Fables have some language features, such as:
• Using many action verbs, verbal, and mental processes.
• Using direct and indirect speech.
• Using the past tense.
• Using linking words. related to time.
• Using dialogues with different the tenses.
• Using descriptive languages to help reader's imagination.
Some characteristics of a fable are symbolism (the characters are used to symbolize human
behaviour), anthropomorphization (animals or inanimate objects are given human qualities),
lessons (a moral lesson at the end that arises from the story, and humour (a humorous tone for
showing the silliness of human nature).
Here are the differences between a fable and other types of narrative texts.
Fable:
• A brief story that teaches a lesson or moral about human nature.
Legend:
• A story passed down through many generations that is believed to be based on real event,
place, person or a true fact from long ago, which got exaggerated over the years.
Myth:
• A traditional story that was created to explain a mystery of the universe.
Epic:
• A long, narrative poem, often written in formal language, that tells about a series of quests
undertaken by a great hero.
Tall tale or folk tale:
• A humorously exaggerated story about impossible events.
Fairy tale:
• Fictional story that may feature folkloric characters and enchantments.
Sequence words are used to help the readers easily connect events in a story. Sequence words
can be at the beginning, middle, end, or as an interruption in a sentence. Here are some
examples of sequence words.
Beginning:
• Once
• Once upon a time
• Long time ago
Middle:
• Later
• Next
• Second
Event occurring at the same time:
• While
• As
• During
Interruption:
• Suddenly
• All of a sudden
• But then
Ending:
• Finally
• In the end
• At the end
A noun phrase is a phrase that includes a noun and (optionally) modifiers. In narrative texts,
noun phrases are commonly used to introduce the characters and setting of the story. They are
used to evoke senses and provide details of the characters and settings.
Direct speech is used when the speaker reports what someone else said just like he said it. In
the case, the speaker does not change anything about what he/she heard; he/she just transmits
it to the next person. Meanwhile, indirect speech is used when the speaker reports what
someone else said. When we use indirect speech, we make some changes in:
a. Pronouns (to reflect who is speaking)
When you are reporting the speech of someone who talked about himself with the 1st person
pronoun (I), you need to change the pronoun to 'he.'
Direct speech: "I can arrive at the river in time," said the Tortoise.
Indirect speech: The Tortoise said that he could arrive at the river in time.
b. Verbs (Because in indirect speech we are reporting, we use a tense which is further back
in the past)
Direct Speech
"I will arrive at the river in time," said the Tortoise.
Indirect Speech
The Tortoise said that he would arrive at the river in time.
1. A Fable is a short story that tells a moral truth, often using animals as characters.
2. Some examples of fables are "The Tortoise and the Hare" and "The Grasshopper and the
Ant".
3. The generic structures of a fable are orientation, complication, and resolution.
4. Some characteristics of fables are symbolism, anthropomorphization, lessons, and humour.
5. A noun phrase is a phrase that includes a noun and (optionally) modifiers.
6. Direct speech is used when the speaker reports what someone else said exactly as he said
it.
7. Indirect speech is used when the speaker reports what someone else said.
8. An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or the whole
sentence
