Name Luis Guzmán Class Biology 11 C Date 21/8/24
Study Guide 10.4: Evidence of Evolution
KEY CONCEPT
Evidence of common ancestry among species comes from many sources.
VOCABULARY
biogeography analogous structure
homologous structure vestigial structure
MAIN IDEA: Evidence for evolution in Darwin’s time came from several sources.
In the diagram below, give examples of each type of evidence for evolution.
1. Fossils: Traces of ancient animals are found in rock layers.
2. Geography: Species in one area may match species in another area that is
separate but still nearby.
Evidence for evolution
in Darwin’s time came
from several sources.
3. Embryology: Two different species may have larvae that are very similar
4. Anatomy: The body parts of different species may have homologous structures.
MAIN IDEA: Structural patterns are clues to the history of a species.
5. Vestigial structures seem to lack any useful function, or are at least no longer
used for their original purpose. Give three examples of vestigial structures.
1. Pelvic bones in snakes
2.Wing of an ostrich
3.The appendix of a human
6. Many modern whale species have vestigial pelvic and leg bones. What does
this suggest about the ancestry of modern whales?
The ancestors of whales may have been land mammals
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology 1 Principles of Evolution Study Guide B chapter 10.4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Vocabulary Check
homologous structure analogous structure vestigial structure
Homologous structure 7. Feature that is similar in structure in different
organisms but has different functions
Analogous structure 8. Feature that performs a similar function in different
organisms but is not similar in origin
Analogous structure 9. Is not evidence of a common ancestor
Vestigial Structure 10. Remnant of an organ or structure that had a function in an
early ancestor
Homologous structure 11. Examples include the wing of a bat and the hand of a
human
Analogous structure 12. Examples include the wing of a bird and the wing of an
insect
Vestigial Structure 13. Examples include the wing of an ostrich and the
appendix of a human
Sketch It Out
Use Figure 4.4 to sketch a skeleton of a human hand next to the whale fin skeleton
shown below. Draw lines to match the groups of bones that are homologous for
these two structures.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology 2 Principles of Evolution Study Guide B chapter 10.4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Section Quiz 10.4: Evidence of Evolution
Choose the letter of the best answer.
__D___ 1. Which of the following is an example of a vestigial
structure? a. the wings of red-tailed hawks
b. the hind limbs of a house cat
c. the fins of a shark
d. the wings of an ostrich
_A___ 2. Biogeography is the study of the
a. distribution of organisms around the world.
b. environments around the world.
c. different types of rocks around the world.
d. age of fossils around the world.
__B___ 3. What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species
of vertebrates?
a. no evolutionary relationship between the groups
b. recent common ancestry
c. similar environments in the past
d. evolution from a distant common ancestor
__C___ 4. Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have
different functions, but similar structures. These are known as
a. vestigial structures.
b. analogous structures.
c. homologous structures.
d. fossil structures.
__B___ 5. If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a
function in a(n)
a. close relative.
b. early ancestor.
c. unrelated organism.
d.embryological stage
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology 3 Principles of Evolution Study Guide B chapter 10.4: Evidence of Evolution
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
PowerNotes 10.4: Evidence of Evolution
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology 4 Principles of Evolution Study Guide B chapter 10.4: Evidence of Evolution
1. Fossils: Traces of ancient animals are found in rock layers.
2. Geography: Species in one area may match species in another area that is
separate but still nearby.
3. Embryology: Two different species may have larvae that are very similar
4. Anatomy: The body parts of different species may have homologous structures.
Feature that is similar in structure in different organisms but has different
functions Homologous structure
Feature that performs a similar function in different organisms but is not similar
in origin Analogous structure
Remnant of an organ or structure that had a function in an early ancestor
Vestigial Structure
