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⦁ Pteridophytes in the broad interpretation of the

term are vascular plants (plants with xylem &
phloem) that reproduce & disperse via spores,
because they produce neither flowers nor
seeds, they are refered to as CRYPTOGAMS.
⦁ The 305 genera & 13,000 species of
pteridophytes found throughout the world.
⦁ The pteridophyte includes Clubmosses,SPike-
mosses, Quilworts,Horsetails,Ferns.
⦁ Most pteridophytes are decorative. They
are grown for the unusually beautiful
foliage, often compact and graceful
appearence.
⦁ They broadly divided into CLUBMOSSES,
HORSETAILS, FERNS.
⦁ Pteridophytes are most commonly found in
damp or humid and shaded enviroment
⦁ Clubmosses are a group of plants in
Lycopodiophyta, which are the most ancient group
of land plant.
⦁ The clubmosses are structurally similar to the
earliest vascular plants, with small scale like
leaves,homosporous spores born in sporangia at the
base of leaves, branching stem and generally simple
form.
⦁ eg-LYCOPODIUM
⦁ EQISETUM is known as horsetails or scouring
rushes.
⦁ Equisetum is the only living genus of divison
of SPHENOPHYTA, all other become extinct.
⦁ Equisetum is living fossils.
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• Ferns became popular indoor plants during

the Victorian Era. Today, they are used as
specimens in atriums, greenhouses and
conservatories and we find them in the
smallest apartments to the largest homes.
They offer a quiet, graceful beauty by
softening landscapes indoors and out.
• Among the nonflowering plants, ferns and
their relatives are unique. Numbering about
9,000, they represent a wide assortment of
plant forms.
⦁ Ornamental ferns are following;
1. Adiantum (Maiden-hair fern)
(Family-Pteridaceae)

🞂 Several species of this genus are very popular

House plants because of their graceful and
Delicate appearence, dense, bright green leaf.

⦁ These are mostly tropical & temperate

species.
⦁ A graceful fern, fronds are upto 50 cm long,
pinnate branch with attractive deep green leaflets.

⦁ A pedatum grows 30-75 cm tall, and is deciduous.

these fronds have distinctively bifurcated.
⦁ It is endogenous to Brazil.
⦁ This species has several varieties with attractive
foliage including Goldelse,Ideal,Matador.
⦁ Fronds dark green with many small, firm leaflets
having a wedge shaped base.
⦁ A large genus of ferns contaning
about 200 species.
⦁ Several species are grown for their
showy leaves
⦁ A rosette of simple, oblanceolate, spreading,
shining green fronds with prominent blackish
midrib and wavy margin.
⦁ nidus phylitidis
⦁ nidus plicatum
⦁ A small group of ferns. about 10 species of
asiatic origin.

(Holly fern, fish tail fern)

➢ Fronds many , spreading on all side, leaflets
gloosy, deep green, ovate.
⦁ The genus have about 25 species, some of
which are hardy and have attractive
appearence.
⦁ D. fijiensis also known as Rabbits-foot fern.
⦁ Small pot ferns with pretty leaves.

D. ludens
➢ An unusual appearence among ferns . the
sterile fronds are triangular .
⦁ The curving, feathery, bright green fronds.
nepherolepis are very attractive.
⦁ it is the most popular and hardy house plant
among the ferns.
⦁ a genus of 35 species widely dispersed over
the tropics.
⦁ Long, arching pinnate fronds, yellowish
green, the segment widely spaced, broad and
forked towards the tip.
⦁ These are also known as FISHTAIL FERN.
⦁ Fronds have variously colour and shaped.
⦁ Common name is Boston fern.
⦁ species spreads rapidally by rhizomes and
runners and so not prefered over slower
cultivars.
⦁ Boston fern are suitable for indoor house plant.
⦁ It is also known as SWORD FERN.
⦁ A dwarf and compact variety
fronds mostly tripinnate, pinnae
overlapping.
⦁ It includes 40 species.
⦁ Lower surface of leaves covered with yellow or
white waxy powder.
⦁ Pityrogramma is also known as silverback fern
& Goldback fern.
⦁ A showy fern with 3-pinnate
arching fronds, deep green in
colour densely covered with white
powder beneath.
⦁ AN unusually beautiful fern with fine leathery
leaves, wide spreading habit, tripinnate
fronds upto 60 cm long and the young shoots
are golden yellow colour.
⦁ Commonly known as Staghorn fern.
⦁ It grown as epiphyte on the bark of trees or in
orchid baskets.
⦁ An attractive pteridophytes for its unusual
shape and green leaves, broadening at the
tips.
⦁ Platycerium bifurcatum is widely cultivated as
an ornamental plant for gardens.
⦁ It may be grown outdoors in sheltered
locations, otherwise as a house plant.
⦁ The specific epithet bifurcatum means
bifurcated or forked, referring to the fertile
fronds.
⦁ Beautiful contrast between the rich brown
shield fronds and the whitish green fertile
fronds.
⦁ Platycerium willinckii sometimes called java
staghorn, because it is native to java.
⦁ A large group of with over 1100 species.
⦁ Several species of polypodium are showy
foliage,plants for shady location in the
gardens or indoors.
⦁ Ferns with stout rhizome, thick, yellow green,
gradually narrowed to both ends.
⦁ The name of the genus is from the greek
word meaning many rows.
⦁ About 225 species of tropical & temprate
regions, some of which do well in living
rooms.
⦁ Showy specimen of spreading habit.
⦁ Several species and varieties are grown for their
showy foliage.
⦁ A low growing variety with small leathery fronds.
⦁ The name of the genus is from greek means
WING.
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1. Grow your fern in a plastic pot instead of clay pot.

2. Provide ferns with appropriate soil.
3. Adjust the lighting.
4. Make sure your fern is getting the water it needs.
5. Increase the humidity around the plant.
6. Fertilize lightly during the active growing season
which is April through September.
7. Prune damaged fronds to make the plant appear
healthier and to promote plant growth.
8. Know how to combat pests.
9. Divide and re-pot a fern in the spring.
10. Start new ferns from seed
1. GROW YOUR FERN IN A PLASTIC POT INSTEAD
OF CLAY POT. 5
• PROVIDE FERNS WITH APPROPRIATE SOIL. 6
• ADJUST THE LIGHTING. 7
• MAKE SURE YOUR FERN IS GETTING THE 8

WATER IT NEEDS.
• INCREASE THE HUMIDITY AROUND THE PLANT.
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• FERTILIZE LIGHTLY DURING THE ACTIVE 10
GROWING SEASON WHICH IS APRIL
THROUGH SEPTEMBER.
• DIVIDE AND RE-POT A FERN IN THE SPRING. 13
• START NEW FERNS FROM SEED 14
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1. Choose the right location.

2. Plant ferns in the ideal location.
3. Keep the humidity high in proximity to your fern.
4. Keep the temperature constant.
5. Water regularly.
6. Fertilize your ferns once a month.
7. Remove dead or diseased parts of the fern.
8. Transplant ferns after a year or longer.
• CHOOSE THE RIGHT LOCATION 16
• PLANT FERNS IN THE IDEAL LOCATION. 17
• KEEP THE HUMIDITY HIGH IN PROXIMITY TO 18
YOUR FERN.
• KEEP THE TEMPERATURE CONSTANT. 19
• WATER REGULARLY 20
• FERTILIZE YOUR FERNS ONCE A MONTH. 21
• REMOVE DEAD OR DISEASED PARTS OF THE FERN 22
• TRANSPLANT FERNS AFTER A YEAR OR LONGER. 23
Fern - any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular
plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that
uncurl upward; reproduce by spores
Ferns evolved from moss.
Part of scientists believes
that the horsetails, club
mosses, mosses and the
department evolved from
psilophytes.
 Ferns

Equisetopsida

Psilotopsida
Polypodiopsida

Marattiopsida
 Salviniales are all aquatic and differ from all other ferns in
being heterosporous, meaning that they produce two different
types of spores (megaspores and microspores) that develop
into two different types of gametophytes (female and male
gametophytes, respectively), and in that their gametophytes
are endosporic, meaning that they never grow outside the
spore wall and cannot become larger than the spores that
produced them.
The ferns of this order vary radically in form from one
another and do not look particularly fern-like. Species of the
family Salviniaceae are natant (floating), while those of the
family Marsileaceae are rooted. However, the natant
species may temporarily grow on wet mud during times of
low water, and the Marsileaceae may grow as emergent
species, depending on species and location.
 Marsilea
Marsilea is a genus of approximately 65 species of aquatic ferns
of the family Marsileaceae. The name honours Italian naturalist
Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1656–1730)
These small plants are of unusual appearance and do not
resemble common ferns. Common names include water clover
and four-leaf clover because the long-stalked leaves have four
clover-like lobes and are either held above water or
submerged.
 Pilularia
Depending on the taxonomic revisor, the genus contains
between 3 and 6 species of small plants with thread-like
leaves, and creeping rhizomes. The sporangia are borne in
spherical sporocarps ("pills") which form in the axils of
leaves. Pilularia minuta from SW Europe is one of the
smallest of all ferns.
 Regnellidium
Regnellidium is a monotypic genus of ferns of family
Marsileaceae.
The single living species, Regnellidium diphyllum, Two-leaf
Water Fern, is native to South Eastern Brazil and adjacent
regions of Argentina. It resembles its relatives from the
genus Marsilea, but has 2-lobed leaves (rather than 4). This
fern is sometimes grown in aquaria. It is the only non-
flowering plant that produces latex.
 Azolla

Azolla (mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern) i

a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns in the family
Salviniaceae. They are extremely reduced in form and
specialized, looking nothing like other typical ferns but more
resembling duckweed or some mosses.
 In addition to its traditional cultivation as a bio-fertilizer for wetland
paddy (due to its ability to fix nitrogen), azolla is finding increasing use
for sustainable production of livestock feed.Azolla is rich in proteins,
essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. describe feeding azolla to,
chickens and egg production of layers, as compared to conventional
feed. One FAO study describes how azolla integrates into a tropical
biomass agricultural system, reducing the need for inputs.
Azolla has also been suggested as a food stuff for
human consumption. However, no long term
studies of the healthiness of eating Azolla have
been made on humans and Azolla may contain
BMAA, a substance that is a possible cause of
neurodegenerative diseases.
 Salvinia
Salvinia, a genus in the family Salviniaceae, is a floating fern
named in honor of Anton Maria Salvini, a 17th-century Italian
scientist.
Salvinia, like the other ferns in order Salviniales are
heterosporous, producing spores of differing sizes. However,
leaf development in Salvinia is unique. The upper side of the
floating leaf, which appears to face the stem axis, is
morphologically abaxial.
 Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) is a commonly
introduced invasive weed in warm climates.
It grows rapidly and forms dense mats over still
waters. It is native to South America. A tiny weevil,
Cyrtobagous salviniae, has been used successfully to
control giant salvinia.
⦁ The ornamental pteridophytes are very important
for us;
➢ –Many ornamental plants are chosen
because they appeal to the sence of smell,in
addition to their visual appeal.
-Without plants we couldnot have
clean air to breath because plant create oxygen
during photosynthesis.
➢ Keeping ornamental pteridophytes has been
shown to improove the air quality to remove
the house air pollution like tobacco & other.
⦁ Ornamental pteridophytes are used in landscapes
and throughout the home to beautify the
surroundings.