N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
The data and information contained in this yearly publication is
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Published by:
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ISSN No: 0128 - 6323

ST Publication No.: ST(P)09/07/2024

PRINTED IN MALAYSIA
Table Contents
5 PREFACE
of

6 INTRODUCTION
7 DATA COMPILATION
8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

28 Figure 13: Annual Liquefied

Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Contract Prices – Arab
KEY Gulf
ECONOMIC 29 Figure 14: Average Annual Prices of NATURAL
AND ENERGY Natural Gas in Malaysia GAS
DATA 30 Figure 15: Final Energy
Consumption per Capita 39
10 in ASEAN
31 Figure 16: Final Energy Intensity in
ASEAN 40 Table 6: Production and
12 Table 1: Key Economic and Energy Resources of Natural Gas
Data
as of 1st January, 2021
13 Table 2: Key Economic and Energy
40 Table 7: Gas Processing Plants
Data by Region
Capacity, 2021
16 Figure 1: Trends in GDP, Primary
40 Table 8: Consumption of Natural
Energy Supply and Final
Gas in MMscf, 2021
Energy Consumption
41 Figure 21: Export and Import of
17 Figure 2: Primary Energy Supply,
Natural Gas and LNG
Electricity Consumption
and Final Energy OIL 42 Figure 22: Conversion in Gas Plants

32
Consumption per Capita
43 Figure 23: Natural Gas
18 Figure 3: Trends in GDP and Consumption by Sectors
Electricity Consumption
19 Figure 4: Annual Growth Rates
of GDP, Primary Energy
Supply, Final Energy
Consumption and
Electricity Consumption 34 Table 3: Production and Resources
20 Figure 5: of Oil as of 1st January,
Primary and Final Energy
2021
Intensity
21 Figure 6: Electricity Intensity 33 Table 4: Refinery Licensed
Capacity, 2021
COAL
22 Figure 7: Final Energy and
Electricity Elasticity 34 Table 5: Breakdown on Sales of
Petroleum Products in
44
23 Figure 8: Primary Energy Supply
Thousand Barrels, 2021
24 Figure 9: Final Energy Consumption 35 Figure 17: Net Export of Crude
by Sectors
Oil 46 Table 9: Production and Resources
25 Figure 10: Final Energy Consumption of Coal as of 31st
by Type of Fuels 36 Figure 18: Export and Import of December, 2021
Petroleum Products
26 Figure 11: Official Selling Prices of 46 Table 10: Consumption of Coal in
Malaysian Crude Oil 37 Figure 19: Production of Petroleum Metric Tonnes, 2021
Products from Refineries
27 Figure 12: Ex-Singapore Prices 47 Figure 24: Net Import of
of Major Petroleum 38 Figure 20: Final Consumption for Coal
Products Petroleum Products 48 Figure 25: Coal Consumption
by Sectors

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 60 Table 20: Electricity Generation
and Installed Capacity
of Renewable Energy ENERGY
by Private Licensee by
Region in 2021
FLOW
ELECTRICITY CHART
49 76
78 Energy Flow Chart
50 Table 11: Installed Capacity as of
31st December 2021, KEY 80 Notes on Energy Balance
in MW ENERGY 81 Notes on Electricity
51 Figure 26: Share of Installed Capacity
as of 31st December, 2021
STATISTICS 82 Notes on GDP
52 Table 12: Available Capacity as of
31st December 2021,
61 82 Notes on GNI
in MW
52 Figure 27: Share of Available Capacity
as of 31st December, 2021 62 Table 21: Primary Energy Supply
53 Table 13: Installed Capacity of Major in ktoe
Hydro Power Stations, 63 Table 22: Net Import and Export of
2021 Energy in ktoe CONVERSION
54 Table 14: Installed Capacity of Mini 64 Table 23: Conversion in Gas Plants COEFFICIENTS
Hydro Power Stations, in ktoe
2021 AND
65 Table 24: Conversion in Refineries
EQUIVALENCE
55 Table 15: Transmission Network in in ktoe

55
Circuit – kilometres, 2021
Table 16: Distribution Network in
66 Table 25: Conversion in Power
Stations (exclude
83
Circuit – kilometres, 2021 co-generation & private
55 Table 17: Gross Generation, licensed plants) in ktoe 83 Conversion Coefficients and Equivalence
Consumption, Available Table 26: Final Energy Consumption
Capacity, Peak Demand 67 83 Natural Gas Products
by Sectors in ktoe
and Reserve Margin for
Electricity in Malaysia, 2021 68 Table 27: Final Energy Consumption 83 Electricity
by Type of Fuels in ktoe
56 Figure 28: Energy Input in Power
Stations, 2021 69 Table 28: Final Consumption for 83 Petroleum Products
Petroleum Products in
56 Figure 29: Generation Mix by Fuel
Types, 2021
ktoe 83 Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
70 Table 29: Selected Energy and
57 Table 18: Electricity Consumption by
Economic Indicators
Sectors in GWh, 2021
(2000-2021)
57 Figure 30: Electricity Consumption by
Sectors, 2021 72 Table 30: Energy Balance Table in
2021 (kilotonnes of oil
58 Figure 31: Electricity Consumption equivalent)
by Sectors
Table 31: Energy Balance Table in
59 Table 19 : Electricity Generation and 74
2021 (Petajoules) DEFINITION
84
Installed Capacity of
Renewable Energy by Public
Licensee by Region in 2021
PREFACE
The energy landscape in Malaysia efficiency improvements, and reducing
during 2021 exhibited a blend of carbon intensity. The transition to cleaner
strategic initiatives, regulatory energy sources gained momentum, with
adjustments, and global trends that initiatives like net energy metering (NEM)
impacted the nation’s energy sector. and the Large-Scale Solar (LSS) program
There are significant developments encouraging investments in solar energy
that characterized the Malaysian projects. These programs aimed to enhance
energy landscape during this period. self-consumption and grid-connected
renewable energy generation.
The COVID-19 pandemic that first hit us in
2020 has impacted the energy demand and Ensuring energy security remained a
disrupted the supply chains in Malaysia. priority. Malaysia sought to strengthen its
The Government responded with measures energy infrastructure, enhance emergency
to support affected industries and adapt to response mechanisms, and secure diverse
changing energy consumption patterns. In energy supply sources to mitigate potential
2021, Malaysia is slowly recovering from disruptions. Malaysia’s oil and gas sector, a
the pandemic as businesses were allowed key contributor to the economy, experienced
to operate and COVID-19 vaccinations were challenges due to fluctuating global oil
rolled out in stages. Malaysia was also hit prices and pandemic-related disruptions.
with severe flood in several regions which The Government explored strategies to
worsen the COVID-19 situation, however optimize the sector’s efficiency and value
the Government handled it eloquently and while diversifying revenue sources.
victims were well compensated and taken I would like to express my heartfelt
care of. Malaysian economy remained gratitude to our honourable Prime Minister,
resilient despite these unfortunate events, Minister of Energy Transition and Water
and we continue to prosper even when the Transformation (PETRA), the Ministry of
backdrop is against us. Energy Transition and Water Transformation
Energy in Malaysia is dominated by fossil (PETRA) and the Ministry of Economy for
fuels, particularly oil and natural gas, which their continuous support and guidance in
account for a significant portion of the realising the National Energy Balance (NEB)
country’s energy mix. In recent years, there each year. My appreciation also goes out
has been a push towards increasing the to all our stakeholders and data providers
use of renewable energy sources, such as for their contributions especially the timely
solar and bioenergy, to reduce the country’s and systematic way data is provided to the
reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate the Commission. It is my sincere belief that
impacts of climate change. this report will be a useful guide for policy
makers and authorities to make sound
The Government’s commitment to decisions for the future of the country’s
increasing the share of renewables in the energy landscape.
energy mix aimed to reduce greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions and enhance sustainability. We look forward to working together again
Malaysia has put forth its Nationally in the future.
Determined Contribution (NDC) target of
reducing 45% of GHG intensity by 2030 Thank you.
compared to 2005 levels. As a party to
the Paris Agreement, our commitment as
a nation is also shown with our target to
achieve net zero GHG earliest by 2050. In
line with this target, the energy sector has
Mohammed Rashdan bin Mohd
set an ambitious target of achieving 70%
Yusof
RE in its capacity mixed by 2050.
Chairman
The Malaysian Government introduced Energy Commission
and reinforced policies and targets aligned
with the nation’s commitment to the Paris
Agreement. Initiatives focused on increasing
the adoption of renewable energy, energy

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
INTRODUCTION
compared to the previous year. Natural of the generation mix, and the remaining
gas, crude oil and renewable energy half goes to predominantly natural gas
including biodiesel’s supply has increased with 30.7%, followed by renewable
which contributed to the overall increase energy and oil with 19.6% and 0.5%
of the TPES. Malaysia is an energy exporter share respectively. Coal was the most
with total energy export of 56,899 ktoe. consumed fuel with total input to the
However, the total import of energy is also power stations (excluding self-generation
catching up whereby total energy import plants) of 21,525 ktoe, followed by
in 2021 was recorded at 53,381 ktoe. natural gas, 9,936 ktoe, renewable
Natural gas and crude oil dominate the energy, 2,990 ktoe, and diesel 236 ktoe.
energy supply in Malaysia constituting
of almost three-quarter of the TPES. Coal Similar to electricity generation, electricity
supply has quadrupled from two (2) consumption trend also showed positive
decades ago due to reliance of imported growth where it increased from 152,250
coal for the power sector. GWh to 154,705 GWh. The industry
sector’s electricity consumption increased
Total final energy consumption (TFEC) or by 3.1%, from 74,416 GWh to 76,756
also known as the energy demand was GWh. The commercial sector’s electricity
recorded at 57,250 ktoe in 2021, a slight consumption dropped from 40,451 GWh
increase of 0.1%. In terms of sectoral, the to 38,761 GWh. Residential sector’s
industry, residential and agriculture sectors electricity consumption on the other hand
showed positive demand growth, whilst posted a growth of 5.0%, increased from
transport, commercial and non-energy 36,306 GWh to 38,153 GWh.
sector shown negative growth. The trend
is highly driven by the measures taken by Malaysia’s primary energy intensity has
the Government during the year in curbing reduced by 3.1% from 70.03 toe/RM
the spread of the COVID-19 virus. In May Million to 67.88 toe/RM Million, and
2021, we have seen a surge in COVID-19 final energy intensity also dropped by
cases with emergence of new variants. The 3.1%, from 42.50 toe/RM Million to
movement restrictions were heightened 41.17 toe/RM Million. Electricity intensity
again, where Work from Home (WFH) also showed slight reduction from 0.113
measures are deployed by most employers GWh/RM Million to 0.111 GWh/RM
and inter-state and certain inter-cities Million.
travel are not allowed. These resulted in
I would like to take this opportunity
lower demand in the Commercial sector,
to extend my sincere appreciation to
In 2021, the Malaysian economy, specifically the tourism sector, whilst
our Prime Minister, Minister of Energy
like many others around the residential sector had seen higher
Transition and Water Transformation
the world, was dealing with demands due to more energy consumed
(PETRA), the Ministry of Energy Transition
the impacts of the COVID-19 at home.
and Water Transformation (PETRA)
pandemic. The pandemic had led and the Ministry of Economy for their
Installed capacity recorded as of 31
to disruptions in various sectors, invaluable efforts rendered to produce
December 2021 was 37,422 MW whereby
including tourism, manufacturing, the National Energy Balance (NEB) 2021.
it was 35,037 MW in 2020. YTL Power
and trade. The Government had I am also grateful to our Government
Generation Sdn Bhd which is a Combined
implemented various measures Agencies, power utilities, independent
Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) plant has retired
to control the spread of the power producers, oil and gas companies,
in 30th June 2021, and Southern Power
virus, including lockdowns and iron and steel manufacturers, coal
Generation was commercially operated
movement restrictions, which had producers, cement manufacturers, and
on the 1st of January 2021. Natural gas
economic implications. everyone involved for the continuous
and coal remained the dominant fuel
in the capacity mix with their share of support in providing relevant and
Malaysia’s GDP in 2021 has increased
40.1% and 35.5% respectively, followed accurate data in a timely manner. We
slightly by 3.4%, compared to the
by renewable energy, diesel/MFO and hope that this report will be a useful
previous year (2020: - 5.5%) as we pave
others with 22.5%, 1.2%, and 0.6% tool for reference and guidance in the
through the path to recovery. Rapid
respectively. The Malaysian Government formulation of policies, research, as well
progress of the National COVID-19
has set a rather ambitious target of 70% as energy planning for the future of our
Immunisation Programme also enabled
of renewable energy in the capacity mix by energy industry.
economic sectors to gradually reopen
in the third quarter of the year. Strong 2050, aligned with the nation’s aspirations
exports and continued policy aid for of becoming a net zero GHG emission
households and businesses also lent earliest by 2050.
support to domestic growth.
The total electricity generation (excluding
Total primary energy supply (TPES) has self-generation plants) in 2021 posted Dato’ Ir. Ts. Abdul Razib bin
increased in tandem with the economy, a slight increase from 167,742 GWh to Dawood
showing a slight growth of 0.2% to 172,341 GWh, or 2.7% increase from Chief Executive Officer
be at 94,401 ktoe (2020: - 4.6%) 2020 level. Coal constitutes of almost half Energy Commission Malaysia
DATA COMPILATION
The first stage in compiling the overall energy balance is to rearrange the data to fit into a standard structure of commodity (or
partial) balance. The commodity balance shows clearly the production, imports, exports, stock change and consumption for each
energy commodity. The basic sequence adhered to in the overall balance is: -

Production + Imports - Exports +/- Stock change = Apparent inland deliveries (or consumption)

In practice, however, “Apparent inland deliveries” deduced from supply statistics hardly ever match the actual sales data. It is
necessary, therefore, to include two “statistical discrepancies” - the first to account for the difference in apparent inland delivery
of primary supply mainly due to the difficulties in obtaining the actual stock change data and difference in data compilation at
source and the second is to account for the difference in secondary supply as the result of the transformation processes of one
form of energy to another.

In addition, the statistical discrepancies also act as a balancing tool to minimise possible errors. In the case of oil and oil
products, losses in transportation and distribution, as well as statistical errors are included in the statistical discrepancies.
However, for electricity, distribution losses and the sector’s own use of electricity are accounted for under “losses and own use”.

Stock changes are not fully accounted for in the balance because it is not possible to obtain accurate stock data of energy
commodities at the distributors’ and users’ levels. Only oil companies’ stocks are readily available, and these would include
stocks at refineries and depots. Therefore, the statistical discrepancy might also include unrecorded stock changes. Coal stocks
at power stations and industry manufacturers are also considered in this report.

Primary Energy Supply = Production + Imports - Exports - Bunkers +/- Stock change

Energy Consumption = Gross inland consumption

= Final energy consumption + Consumption of the energy
transformation sector + Distribution losses + Non-energy consumption

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY transformation facilities in the country, which are gas plants, oil
refineries and power stations.

ENERGY OVERVIEW In general, there are three (3) types of gas plants in Malaysia,
namely liquefaction plant, regasification plant and gas-to-liquid
plant. Liquefaction plant is referring to quantities of natural
gas used for liquefaction to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) while
Malaysia is blessed with abundance of energy resources available
the regasification plant reports the quantities of LNG used for
within the country that is sufficient for domestic use as well as to
vaporization to natural gas. The gas-to-liquid plant is a refinery
be exported. Malaysia’s energy is a healthy mix of well-diversified
process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons
energy sources that balanced the nation’s need for energy
into liquid hydrocarbons such as petroleum products.
security, affordability and sustainability. Although Malaysia’s
reliance on fossil fuel is considerably high, our renewable energy
The liquefaction plants produced a total of 26,798 ktoe of
(RE) has also multiplied.
LNG and 101 ktoe of LPG, an increase of 2.6% from 2020. The
regasification plants output recorded at 1,996 ktoe, a reduction
Our economy showed a positive growth of 3.4% (2020:
of 32.1% from 2020 level at 2,939 ktoe. The gas-to-liquid plants
-5.5%) and is slowly recovering post COVID-19 pandemic. The
produced 1,681 ktoe of petroleum products, as compared to
Government’s focus is to support Malaysia’s transition throughout
2,439 ktoe produced in 2020.
the pandemic and continued to deploy a wide range of tools to
cushion shocks to the economy and financial system.
Malaysia’s total refinery capacity as of 31st of December 2021
was 799 thousand barrels per day which excludes 74.3 thousand
In 2021, the total primary energy supply increased by 0.2% (2020:
barrels per day of condensates splitter. A total of 23,897 ktoe
- 4.6%) and a similar trend was observed for total final energy
of crude oil was processed in the refinery plants as feedstock
consumption, where it increased by 0.1% (2020: -14.0%).
to produce petroleum products such as petrol, diesel, kerosene,
LPG, fuel oil, Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) & Aviation Gasoline (AV
GAS), and other non-energy products. A total of 21,483 ktoe
PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY of petroleum products was produced from these refineries. The
crude oil consumed in the refinery in 2021 was higher than that
in 2020 and this translates into higher output from the refineries.

Primary energy supply has increased in tandem with the economy

by 0.2% as compared to year 2020 to register at 94,401 ktoe ELECTRICITY
(2020: 94,194 ktoe). Increase in energy production and imports
have contributed to the overall increase in total primary energy
supply. Primary production grew from 105,054 ktoe to 107,281
ktoe, and import rose from 50,325 ktoe to 53,381 ktoe. Export
of energy in 2021 was observed to be higher than that in 2021 Total installed capacity in Malaysia for 2021 was 37,422 MW.
by 16.2%. Natural gas and coal are the dominant fuel, making up of three-
quarters of the total installed capacity in Malaysia, followed by
No remarkable difference can be observed in terms of primary hydro 16.6%, solar 4.5%, Diesel/MFO 1.2%, Biomass 1.1%,
energy supply share, natural gas held the biggest share of 44.8%, Others (industrial waste heat) 0.6% and biogas 0.3%. In 2021,
followed by crude oil with 25.3%, coal and coke with 24.3%, Southern Power Generation was commercially operated on the 1st
renewable energy with 4.2% and petroleum products with 1.4%. of January 2021 whilst YTL Power Generation Sdn. Bhd., a CCGT
plant was retired on 30th of June 2021. RE capacity totalled up to
22.5% in 2021. Malaysia is on track towards achieving its target
of 31% of RE share in the national installed capacity mix by 2025.
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION This target reinforced Malaysia’s global climate commitments to
reduce its economy-wide carbon intensity against GDP of 45% in
2030 as compared to 2005 level.

Primary energy such as crude oil could not be used directly and The peak demand, a point when the electricity consumption is
must be transformed into usable energy sources first. Therefore, at its highest at a time of a day, was recorded at 18,585 MW in
facilities have been built to transform these raw and crude primary Peninsular Malaysia a slight decline of 1.2% compared to 18,808
energy sources into usable secondary energy sources. These MW in 2020. On the other hand, Sabah and Sarawak recorded
secondary energy sources are consumed locally and exported to a rise, with 1,0003 MW and 4,1074 MW recorded as their peak
other countries. In general, there are three (3) types of energy demand in 2021.
The total electricity generation (excluding self-generation plants) total energy consumption in 2021, followed by the non-energy
in 2021 was recorded at 172,341 GWh an increase from 167,742 sector, residential, commercial, fishery and agriculture and
GWh, or 2.7%. Similar to the previous year, coal is the dominant sectors with their share of 18.9%, 7.3%, 6.8% and 1.1% and
fuel in the electricity generation mix with its share of 49.2%. 0.7% respectively.
This was followed by natural gas at 30.7%, renewable energy at
19.6%, and oil at 0.5%. Malaysia’s final energy consumption per capita increased
marginally from 1.75 toe per capita to 1.76 toe per capita. The
The total electricity consumption at 154,705 GWh, an increase of final energy intensity dropped from 42.50 toe/RM Million to 41.17
1.6% compared to the previous year. Bulk of the total electricity toe/RM Million. Energy intensity can be an indicative of how
is consumed in the Peninsular Malaysia, where more than 75% efficient the energy is being used, however caution must be taken
of usage comes from the region, followed Sarawak with 19.6 % not to take this indication as a direct cause of efficiency as there
and Sabah with the remainder of 3.8%. Sectoral wise, industry are many other factors that could affect the efficiency of energy
sector is the biggest consumer of electricity with total of 76,756 usage. Although in 2021, final energy elasticity and electricity
GWh of electricity consumption in 2021.This is followed by the elasticity were calculated to be 0.04 and 0.48 respectively, which
commercial sector with 38,761 GWh, residential sector with indicates high elasticity with economic growth.
38,153 GWh, Agriculture with 683 GWh and Transport sector
with 353 GWh. In 2021, industry sector’s electricity consumption
has seen growth as compared to shrinkage back in 2020, due

CONCLUSION
to the ease of MCO that allowed certain businesses (especially
essential services) to re-open. Residential sector’s electricity
consumption too was higher in 2021 due to Work from Home
(WFH) measures that was undertaken by most employers at the
time. Commercial sector on the other hand, observed a reduction 2021 was indeed a challenging year as Malaysia slowly recovers
as tourism sector was still restricted in 2021. Transport sector’s from the COVID-19 pandemic that hits nationwide in 2020. Apart
electricity consumption saw a rise as numbers of Electric Vehicle from COVID-19, Malaysia experienced significant flooding in
(EV) take ups in the market rise as well. various states during the early months of 2021, with thousands of
people being displaced from their homes and evacuated to safer
areas, which make the situation even worse for the pandemic.
There were also political developments going on in the country in
FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2021, whereby YB Dato’ Sri Ismail Sabri bin Yaakob was sworn in
as 9th Prime Minister of Malaysia on 21st of August 2021.

Despite all these, Malaysian economy remained resilient. The

In 2021, the total energy consumption was reported to be ease of MCO has allowed certain businesses to reopen where
57,250 ktoe, a slight increase from 57,169 ktoe in 2020. Industry some sector began to thrive, whilst some barely managed to
sector’s energy consumption showed an upward trend mainly survive, and some were even forced into closure. The pandemic
because of the loosening of Movement Control Order (MCO) had impacted every sector in many ways and the Government
towards essential services. Industry sector’s total final energy played a critical part in ensuring the welfare of its Rakyat. Energy
consumption comes up to 19,157 ktoe compared to 17,714 ktoe supply and demand which are closely linked to the economy
in the previous year. Residential sector’s energy consumption too began recovering and showing some growth in 2021. Malaysia
saw an increase trend as higher energy is consumed at home, continues to intensify its efforts to increase renewable energy
especially LPG and electricity consumption, due to working from in the energy system, in line with the nation’s aspiration of
home for most employees in 2021 as a measure to curb the spread becoming net zero GHG emission earliest by 2050 and its
of COVID-19 viruses. Residential sector’s energy consumption Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target of reducing
was recorded at 4,168 ktoe in 2021, an increase of 2.0%. The 45% of GHG emission intensity by 2030 from 2005 level.
commercial sector, on the contrary recorded a reduction mainly
due to the slowdown of tourism sector, and this is observed
from the lower consumption of petroleum products (specifically
diesel and LPG) and electricity that had contributed to the overall
decline in energy consumption in the commercial sector. Similarly,
the transport sector joined the bandwagon. Lesser consumption
of petroleum products (specifically petrol and Aviation Turbine
Fuel (ATF)) due to travel restrictions during MCO had contributed
to the overall decline of energy consumption in the transport
sector, from 18,660 ktoe to 18,095 ktoe. In terms of share, the
industry and transport sectors constitute almost two-third of the

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Key
Economic
and Energy
Data

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 2021

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 1 : Key Economic and Energy Data

2021

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total

GDP at Current Prices (RM million)* 371,510 374,464 378,178 424,747 1,548,898

GDP at 2015 Prices (RM million)* 344,005 337,770 337,286 371,583 1,390,644

GNI at Current Prices (RM million)* 364,869 363,119 374,005 404,752 1,506,745

Population (‘000 people)** 32,552 32,576 32,579 32,592 32,576

Primary Energy Supply (ktoe) 23,614 23,541 22,473 24,773 94,401

Final Energy Consumption (ktoe) 14,610 13,359 13,620 15,660 57,250

Electricity Consumption (ktoe) 3,252 3,439 3,164 3,457 13,311

Electricity Consumption (GWh) 37,792 39,963 36,769 40,181 154,705

Per Capita

GDP at Current Prices (RM)* 45,652 45,980 46,432 52,128 47,547

Primary Energy Supply (toe) 0.725 0.723 0.690 0.760 2.898

Final Energy Consumption (toe) 0.449 0.410 0.418 0.480 1.757

Electricity Consumption (kWh) 1,161 1,227 1,129 1,233 4,749

Energy Intensity

Primary Energy Intensity 68.64 69.70 66.63 66.67 67.88

(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Final Energy Intensity 42.5 39.6 40.4 42.1 41.2

(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Electricity Intensity 9.5 10.2 9.4 9.3 9.6

(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))
Electricity Intensity 0.110 0.118 0.109 0.108 0.111
(GWh/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Note (*): Quarterly data is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

(**): Mid-year population is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia
 Table 2 : Key Economic and Energy Data by Region

Peninsular Malaysia 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

GDP at Current Prices (RM million)* 975,581 1,038,585 1,131,602 1,193,460 1,255,700 1,188,837 1,275,565

GDP at 2015 Prices (RM million)* 975,581 1,020,869 1,080,017 1,138,500 1,193,928 1,132,257 1,172,556

Population (‘000 people)** 24,669 24,995 25,303 25,593 25,713 26,480 26,602

Final Energy Consumption (ktoe) 43,011 45,872 46,520 47,446 48,085 41,313 41,364

Electricity Consumption (ktoe) 9,531 10,026 10,004 10,378 10,776 10,172 10,184

Electricity Consumption (GWh) 110,770 116,529 116,272 120,617 125,241 118,221 118,365

Per Capita

GDP at Current Prices (RM) * 39,547 41,551 44,722 46,632 48,835 44,896 47,950

Final Energy Consumption (toe) 1.744 1.835 1.839 1.854 1.870 1.560 1.555

Electricity Consumption (kWh) 4,490 4,662 4,595 4,713 4,871 4,465 4,449

Energy Intensity

Final Energy Consumption 44.1 44.9 43.1 41.7 40.3 36.5 35.3
(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Electricity Consumption 9.8 9.8 9.3 9.1 9.0 9.0 8.7

(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Electricity Consumption
(GWh/GDP at 2015 prices 0.114 0.114 0.108 0.106 0.105 0.104 0.101
(RM million))

Notes (*): 1. GDP data by States is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia
2. GDP for Peninsular Malaysia includes Supra State (Supra State covers production activities that beyond the centre of
predominant economic interest for any state)
(**): Mid-year population is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 2: Key Economic and Energy Data by Region

Sabah 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

GDP at Current Prices (RM million)* 79,775 86,924 101,904 108,053 106,773 91,928 110,305

GDP at 2015 Prices (RM million)* 79,775 83,930 90,583 92,257 93,265 85,378 86,542

Population (‘000 people)** 3,816 3,900 3,954 3,997 4,004 3,514 3,509

Final Energy Consumption (ktoe) 3,845 5,015 9,512 6,598 6,561 5,655 5,578

Electricity Consumption (ktoe) 499 487 477 484 514 505 507

Electricity Consumption (GWh) 5,805 5,665 5,545 5,630 5,974 5,869 5,894

Per Capita

GDP at Current Prices (RM) * 20,908 22,291 25,776 27,031 26,669 26,161 31,438

Final Energy Consumption (toe) 1.008 1.286 2.406 1.651 1.639 1.609 1.590

Electricity Consumption (kWh) 1,521 1,453 1,402 1,408 1,492 1,670 1,680

Energy Intensity

Final Energy Consumption 48.2 59.8 105.0 71.5 70.3 66.2 64.5
(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Electricity Consumption 6.3 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.9 5.9

(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Electricity Consumption 0.073 0.067 0.061 0.061 0.064 0.069 0.068

(GWh/GDP at 2015 prices
(RM million))

Notes (*): 1. GDP data by States is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia
2. GDP and population for Sabah includes WP Labuan
(**): Mid-year population is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia
 Table 2: Key Economic and Energy Data by Region

Sarawak 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

GDP at Current Prices (RM million)* 121,585 124,189 138,804 146,246 150,265 137,235 163,028

GDP at 2015 Prices (RM million)* 121,585 124,513 130,169 133,010 136,759 127,509 131,545

Population (‘000 people)** 2,702 2,739 2,766 2,792 2,806 2,454 2,466

Final Energy Consumption (ktoe) 4,951 6,331 6,458 10,614 11,838 10,201 10,307

Electricity Consumption (ktoe) 1,344 1,878 2,126 2,290 2,356 2,423 2,620

Electricity Consumption (GWh) 15,624 21,831 24,703 26,618 27,382 28,161 30,446

Per Capita

GDP at Current Prices (RM) * 45,007 45,464 47,055 47,645 48,738 51,966 53,352

Final Energy Consumption (toe) 1.833 2.312 2.335 3.802 4.219 4.157 4.181

Electricity Consumption (kWh) 5,784 7,971 8,930 9,535 9,758 11,477 12,348

Energy Intensity

Final Energy Consumption 40.7 50.8 49.6 79.8 86.6 80.0 78.4
(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Electricity Consumption 11.1 15.1 16.3 17.2 17.2 19.0 19.9

(toe/GDP at 2015 prices (RM million))

Electricity Consumption 0.129 0.175 0.190 0.200 0.200 0.221 0.231

(GWh/GDP at 2015 prices
(RM million))

Notes (*): 1. GDP data by States is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia
(**): Mid-year population is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Figure 1 : Trends in GDP, Primary Energy Supply and Final Energy Consumption
Figure 1: Trends in GDP, Primary Energy Supply and Final Energy Consumption

Primary Energy Supply (ktoe)

RM Million Final Energy Consumption (ktoe)
(at 2015 prices) GDP at 2015 Prices (RM Million)* ktoe

1,600,000 120,000

1,500,00
110,000

1,400,000
100,000
1,300,000

1,200,000 90,000

1,100,00
80,000
1,000,00
70,000
900,000

800,000 60,000

700,000
50,000
600,000
40,000
500,000

400,000 30,000

300,000
20,000
200,000
10,000
100,000

0 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
49,697 50,899 52,323 56,944 62,008 65,344 66,009 71,426 74,709 73,530 75,772 78,095 85,124 89,046 90,691 90,441 93,747 94,345 95,909 98,681 94,194 94,401
29,699 31,515 33,289 34,586 37,323 38,285 38,567 41,606 41,968 40,845 41,476 43,455 49,291 51,583 52,209 51,829 57,219 62,489 64,658 66,483 57,169 57,250
579,073 582,071 613,450 648,960 692,981 729,932 770,698 819,242 858,826 845,828 908,629 956,731 1,009,097 1,056,462 1,119,920 1,176,941 1,229,312 1,300,769 1,363,766 1,423,952 1,345,144 1,390,644

Source: GDP data is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

Note: GDP at 2015 Prices (RM Million) for 2000 until 2014 were estimated by the Energy Commission
 Figure 2 : Primary Energy Supply, Electricity Consumption and Final Energy Consumption Per Capita

Figure 2: Primary Energy Supply, Electricity Consumption and Final Energy Consumption Per Capita

Electricity Consumption (kWh) per capita

Final Energy Consumption (toe) per capita
toe Primary Energy Supply (toe) per capita kWh
3.50 5,000

3.25
4,500
3.00

4,000
2.75

2.50
3,500

2.25
3,000
2.00

1.75 2,500

1.50
2,000
1.25

1,500
1.00

N A T I O N A L
0.75
1,000

0.50
500

E N E R G Y
0.25

0 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
2,603 2,705 2,804 2,930 3,022 3,099 3,183 3,300 3,367 3,429 3,656 3,693 3,943 4,074 4,179 4,248 4,553 4,576 4,721 4,877 4,673 4,749

B A L A N C E
1.26 1.31 1.36 1.38 1.46 1.47 1.45 1.54 1.52 1.45 1.45 1.50 1.67 1.71 1.70 1.66 1.81 1.95 2.00 2.04 1.75 1.76
2.12 2.12 2.13 2.27 2.43 2.51 2.49 2.64 2.71 2.62 2.65 2.69 2.88 2.95 2.95 2.90 2.96 2.95 2.96 3.03 2.89 2.90

Source: Population data is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

2 0 2 1
Note: Data shown is based on the Energy Commission’s calculation

.
 Figure 3 : Trends in GDP and Electricity Consumption

Figure 3: Trends in GDP and Electricity Consumption

RM Million GDP at 2015 Prices (RM million)*

(at 2015 prices) Electricity Consumption (GWh) GWh

1 ,400,000 155,000

1,200,000 135,000

1,000,000 115,000

800,000 95,000

600,000 75,000

400,000 55,000

200,000 35,000

0 15,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
579,073 582,071 613,450 648,960 692,981 729,932 770,698 819,242 858,826 845,828 908,629 956,731 1,009,097 1,056,462 1,119,920 1,176,941 1,229,312 1,300,769 1,363,766 1,423,952 1,345,144 1,390,644
61,168 65,015 68,827 73,371 77,195 80,705 84,517 89,294 92,815 96,302 104,519 107,331 116,350 123,079 128,333 132,464 144,042 146,521 152,867 158,608 152,250 154,705

Source: GDP data is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

Note: GDP at 2015 Prices (RM Million) for 2000 until 2014 were estimated by the Energy Commission
 Figure 4 : Annual Growth Rates of GDP, Primary Energy Supply, Final Energy Consumption
Figure 4: Annual Growth Rates of GDP, Primary
andEnergy Supply,
Electricity Final Energy Consumption and Electricity Consumption
Consumption

GDP at 2015 Prices

Primary Energy Supply
Final Energy Consumption
% Electricity Consumption

20

15

10

(5)

N A T I O N A L
(10)

E N E R G Y
(15)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
8.86 0.52 5.39 5.79 6.78 5.33 5.58 6.30 4.83 (1.51) 7.42 5.29 5.47 4.69 6.01 5.09 4.45 5.81 4.84 4.41 (5.53) 3.38
14.21 2.42 2.80 8.83 8.89 5.38 1.02 8.21 4.60 (1.58) 3.05 3.07 9.00 4.61 1.85 (0.28) 3.66 0.64 1.66 2.89 (4.55) 0.22

B A L A N C E
9.08 6.11 5.63 3.90 7.91 2.58 0.74 7.88 0.87 (2.68) 1.54 4.77 13.43 4.65 1.21 (0.73) 10.40 9.21 3.47 2.82 (14.01) 0.14
9.30 6.29 5.86 6.60 5.21 4.55 4.72 5.65 3.94 3.76 8.53 2.69 8.40 5.78 4.27 3.22 8.74 1.72 4.33 3.76 (4.01) 1.61

2 0 2 1
Source: GDP data is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

.
Note: GDP at 2015 Prices (RM Million) for 2000 until 2014 were estimated by the Energy Commission
 Figure 5: Primary and Final Energy Intensity
Figure 5 : Primary and Final Energy Intensity

Final Energy Intensity (toe/RM Million at 2015 Prices)*

toe/RM Million Industrial Energy Intensity (toe/RM Million at 2015 Prices)**
(at 2015 prices) Primary Energy Intensity (toe/GDP at 2015 Prices)***

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
51.29 54.14 54.27 53.29 53.86 52.45 50.04 50.79 48.87 48.29 45.65 45.42 48.85 48.83 46.62 44.04 46.55 48.04 47.41 46.69 42.50 41.17
42.55 45.48 47.26 45.26 45.69 45.97 45.13 47.14 46.04 46.53 41.69 44.22 49.23 46.31 41.20 40.12 47.23 54.80 58.04 57.02 54.90 53.53
85.82 87.44 85.29 87.75 89.48 89.52 85.65 87.19 86.99 86.93 83.39 81.63 84.36 84.29 80.98 76.84 76.26 72.53 70.33 69.30 70.03 67.88

Source: GDP data is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

Notes: 1. Measurement in ktoe is based on the Energy Commission’s calculations
2. Intensity = Quantity of energy required per unit output or activity
3. (*): Final Energy Intensity = Final Energy Consumption (including non-energy use) / GDP at 2015 prices
4. (**): Industrial Energy Intensity = Industry Energy Consumption / Industry GDP at 2015 prices
5. (***) Primary Energy Intensity = Primary Energy Supply / GDP at 2015 prices
 Figure 6 : Electricity Intensity
Figure 6: Electricity Intensity

Electricity Intensity (toe/GDP at 2015 Prices (RM Million))

GWh/RM Million toe / RM Million
(at 2015 prices) Electricity Intensity (GWh/GDP at 2015 Prices (RM Million)) (at 2015 prices)

0.120 10.200

0.118
10.000

0.116
9.800
0.114
9.600
0.112

0.110 9.400

0.108 9.200

0.106
9.000

0.104
8.800
0.102

N A T I O N A L
8.600
0.100

0.098 8.400
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

E N E R G Y
9.089 9.611 9.654 9.728 9.585 9.513 9.436 9.378 9.299 9.796 9.897 9.653 9.921 10.024 9.860 9.684 10.082 9.692 9.645 9.584 9.739 9.572
0.106 0.112 0.112 0.113 0.111 0.111 0.110 0.109 0.108 0.114 0.115 0.112 0.115 0.117 0.115 0.113 0.117 0.113 0.112 0.111 0.113 0.111

Source: 1. GDP data is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia

2. Regulators, Utilities and IPPs

B A L A N C E
Notes: 1. Measurement in ktoe is based on the Energy Commission’s calculations
2. Intensity = Quantity of energy required per unit output or activity

2 0 2 1
.
 Figure 7 : Final Energy and Electricity Elasticity

Final Energy Elasticity

Electricty Elasticity
Growth Rates of GDP at 2015 Prices (%) Percentage (%)

14.00 10.00

12.00 8.00

10.00 6.00

8.00 4.00

6.00 2.00

4.00 0

2.00 (2.00)

0 (4.00)

(2.00) (6.00)

(4.00) (8.00)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
1.02 11.81 1.04 0.67 1.17 0.48 0.13 1.25 0.18 1.77 0.21 0.90 2.45 0.99 0.20 (0.14) 2.34 1.58 0.72 0.64 2.53 0.04
1.05 12.15 1.09 1.14 0.77 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.82 (2.48) 1.15 0.51 1.54 1.23 0.71 0.63 1.96 0.30 0.89 0.85 0.72 0.48
8.86 0.52 5.39 5.79 6.78 5.33 5.58 6.30 4.83 (1.51) 7.42 5.29 5.47 4.69 6.01 5.09 4.45 5.81 4.84 4.41 (5.53) 3.38

Note : 1) Final Energy Elasticity = Ratio between growths of energy consumption with economic growth
Final Energy Elasticity = Growth Rate of Energy Consumption (%)
Growth Rate of GDP (%)

2) Electricity Elasticity = Ratio between growths of electricity consumption with economic growth
Electricity Elasticity = Growth Rate of Electricity Consumption (%)
Growth Rate of GDP (%)

3) GDP growth rates at 2015 prices (RM Million) for 2000 until 2014 was estimated by the Energy Commission
 Figure 8: Primary Energy Supply
Figure 8 : Primary Energy Supply
4%
26%
43% 46%
34% 24%
1%
1%
Hydropower & Renewables
Coal and Coke 6% 2001 50% 2011 2021
Natural Gas (Sales Gas)
ktoe Crude Oil, Petroleum Products and Others
46%
19%
120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

N A T I O N A L
20.000

E N E R G Y
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
599 607 456 435 501 446 554 558 642 574 540 680 1,092 1,532 1,798 2,017 2,420 2,994 3,261 3,349 3,693 3,937
2,486 2,970 3,642 5,316 7,109 6,889 7,299 8,848 9,782 10,623 14,777 14,772 15,882 15,067 15,357 17,406 18,744 20,771 22,280 21,057 24,788 22,917
26,370 25,649 26,101 27,257 29,145 33,913 34,917 36,639 39,289 35,851 35,447 35,740 38,647 39,973 40,113 41,853 41,257 41,200 40,939 41,461 39,939 42,296

B A L A N C E
20,242 21,673 22,124 23,936 25,253 24,096 23,239 25,381 24,996 26,482 25,008 26,903 29,502 32,474 33,423 29,836 31,327 29,380 29,439 32,813 25,773 25,251

Note : Oil and gas companies, power utilities, IPPs, cement, iron and steel manufacturers

2 0 2 1
.
 Figure 9 : Final Energy Consumption by Sectors

Agriculture 38% 15%

Non-Energy Use 19%
0%
Residential and Commercial 7% 2% 28%
14%
Transport* 2%
ktoe
Industrial 16%
33%
13%
70,000 2001 2011 2021
2011

42%
60,000
39% 32%

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10.000

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
104 98 96 98 87 101 258 281 287 211 1,074 916 1,053 1,051 1,045 895 415 674 1,021 927 867 1,045
2,250 2,378 2,511 2,345 2,183 2,173 2,819 2,957 2,876 3,868 3,696 6,377 7,497 7,277 6,217 5,928 8,729 12,517 13,262 13,631 11,805 10,869
3,868 4,048 4,387 4,399 4,754 5,134 5,424 6,197 6,205 6,336 6,951 6,993 7,065 7,403 7,459 7,600 8,051 7,796 7,773 8,000 8,123 8,084
12,071 13,137 13,442 14,271 15,385 15,293 14,819 15,717 16,395 16,119 16,828 17,070 19,757 22,357 24,327 23,435 24,004 24,039 23,555 25,004 18,660 18,095
11,406 11,852 12,854 13,472 14,914 15,583 15,248 16,454 16,205 14,312 12,928 12,100 13,919 13,496 13,162 13,971 16,019 17,463 19,046 18,921 17,714 19,157

Source: Oil and gas companies, TNB, SESB, SEB, IPPs, cement, iron and steel manufacturers
Note (*): Transport sector includes international aviation
 Figure 10 : Final Energy Consumption by Fuel Type

64%
4% 43%
55% 3%
3%

Coal and Coke 15%

Natural Gas
Electricity 20%
ktoe Petroleum Products and Others 2001 2011 2021
70,000
31%
18%
21% 23%
60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

N A T I O N A L
10,000

E N E R G Y
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
991 977 1,086 1,212 1,305 1,348 1,335 1,362 1,713 1,613 1,826 1,759 1,744 1,539 1,709 1,778 1,785 1,804 1,808 1,706 1,338 1,392
3,862 4,620 5,643 5,886 6,490 6,981 7,562 7,709 7,818 6,802 6,254 8,515 10,206 10,076 9,641 9,566 12,304 16,838 18,851 18,647 16,631 17,815
5,263 5,594 5,922 6,313 6,642 6,944 7,272 7,683 7,986 8,286 8,993 9,236 10,011 10,590 11,042 11,397 12,394 12,607 13,153 13,647 13,100 13,311

B A L A N C E
19,582 20,323 20,638 21,175 22,886 23,012 22,398 24,852 24,451 24,145 24,403 23,946 27,329 29,379 29,817 29,087 30,737 31,241 30,845 32,483 26,100 24,731

Source: Oil and gas companies, TNB, SESB, SEB, IPPs, cement, iron and steel manufacturers

2 0 2 1
.
 USD / Barrels

10.00
30.00
50.00
70.00
90.00
110.00

0
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00

-
29.18
29.95
30.25
30.25
30.25
2000

..................................................................................................................................................................
Labuan Crude

Source: PETRONAS
Kikeh Crude Oil
Bintulu Crude Oil
Dulang Crude Oil
Miri Light Crude Oil

-
Tapis Blend Crude Oil

24.68
24.78
25.06
25.06
25.06
2001

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
25.23
25.22
25.52
25.52
25.52
2002

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
29.99
30.33
30.60
30.60
30.60
2003

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
41.17
41.54
41.84
41.84
41.84
2004

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
57.41
57.43
57.71
57.71
57.71
2005

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
68.96
69.28
69.56
69.56
69.56
2006

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
78.59
78.66
78.96
78.96
78.96
2007

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
102.49
102.49
102.79
102.79
102.79
2008

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
64.67
64.67
64.97
64.97
64.97
2009

..................................................................................................................................................................
-
79.21
79.21
79.51
79.51
79.51
2010

..................................................................................................................................................................

-
114.23
115.03
115.33
115.33
115.33
2011
..................................................................................................................................................................

-
2012

118.16
118.36
118.56
118.66
118.22
..................................................................................................................................................................

2013

116.60
115.70
115.40
116.30
116.60
115.30
..................................................................................................................................................................

2014

105.66
105.46
103.13
104.89
106.41
103.26
..................................................................................................................................................................

46.96
42.98
47.35
47.63
47.73
45.12
2015
..................................................................................................................................................................
Figure 11 : Official Selling Prices of Malaysian Crude Oil

47.63
47.23
45.13
47.63
47.63
45.43
2016
..................................................................................................................................................................

57.90
54.97
57.50
57.90
57.90
56.30
2017
..................................................................................................................................................................

75.24
73.84
73.84
75.24
75.24
73.84
2018
..................................................................................................................................................................

70.33
69.93
68.93
70.33
70.33
68.93
2019
..................................................................................................................................................................

45.05
45.85
45.85
45.05
45.05
43.65
2020
..................................................................................................................................................................

73.43
72.88
74.14
73.43
73.43
72.30
2021
..................................................................................................................................................................
 Figure 12: Ex-Singapore Prices Figure
of Major12Petroleum
: Ex-Singapore
Products Prices of Major Petroleum Products

Motor Petrol (ULG 95)

Diesel
Fuel Oil
Kerosene
USD / Barrels Naphtha

140.00

130.00

120.00

110.00

100.00

90.00

80.00

70.00

60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

N A T I O N A L
20.00

10.00

E N E R G Y
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
32.64 27.43 28.04 34.69 47.23 62.38 73.20 104.05 39.25 70.38 88.41 119.79 123.42 119.00 110.97 69.17 56.26 67.99 80.23 72.49 46.70 80.50
32.48 27.32 27.55 32.46 45.92 64.35 76.93 103.74 39.32 70.42 90.35 126.28 128.10 123.27 112.69 64.47 52.24 65.65 84.33 77.23 48.42 76.12
25.82 21.78 23.63 25.72 28.15 40.32 48.84 74.60 31.40 58.12 72.85 100.68 103.92 96.35 87.31 44.52 35.62 49.99 65.98 57.63 38.21 63.21
34.27 28.32 28.08 33.25 47.69 67.99 80.72 110.50 53.90 70.14 90.18 125.71 126.79 122.85 112.50 64.69 53.00 65.27 85.04 77.24 44.82 75.25

B A L A N C E
28.32 23.75 24.93 30.14 40.82 51.04 62.13 93.98 29.90 60.96 79.24 102.49 103.57 100.99 94.40 52.62 42.65 53.79 67.29 56.90 40.55 70.77

Source: PETRONAS

2 0 2 1
Note: Data shown are prices Ex-Singapore, in USD per Barrel, taken from Industry Sources

.
 USD /Metric Tonne

0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000

1990

156.13
155.96

...........................................................................................................................................................................
Butane
Propane

1991

182.19
186.89

Source: PETRONAS

...........................................................................................................................................................................
1992

179.95
167.13

...........................................................................................................................................................................
1993

147.67
140.02

...........................................................................................................................................................................
1994

140.90
129.13

...........................................................................................................................................................................
1995

183.82
178.62

...........................................................................................................................................................................
1996

207.21
204.42

...........................................................................................................................................................................
1997

222.21
210.35

...........................................................................................................................................................................
1998

134.55
126.50

...........................................................................................................................................................................
Note: Yearly LPG contract prices - Arab Gulf, in USD per Metric Tonne, taken from Industry Sources.
1999

190.84
191.07

...........................................................................................................................................................................
2000

299.46
299.29

...........................................................................................................................................................................
2001

239.43
269.29
...........................................................................................................................................................................

238.48
244.58
2002
...........................................................................................................................................................................

278.46
288.84
2003
...........................................................................................................................................................................

355.33
348.61
2004
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2005

442.89
430.79
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2006

514.00
510.27
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2007

887.50
858.00
...........................................................................................................................................................................

335.00
340.00
2008
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2009

521.43
504.37
...........................................................................................................................................................................

716.81
708.01
2010
...........................................................................................................................................................................

871.12
828.03
2011
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2012

917.45
914.12
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2013

884.10
856.70
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2014

810.50
790.70
Figure 13 : Annual Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Contract Prices – Arab Gulf

...........................................................................................................................................................................

2015

436.50
416.70
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2016

356.10
323.60
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2017

502.00
467.50
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2018

541.60
544.20
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2019

441.60
434.50
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2020

404.10
397.40
...........................................................................................................................................................................

2021

631.40
649.80
...........................................................................................................................................................................
 Figure 14 : Regulated Piped Gas Prices
Figure 14: Regulated Piped Gas Prices

Distribution Segment
RM/MMBtu Transmission Segment

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

N A T I O N A L
5

E N E R G Y
20 20 0 0 20 0 20 20 0 0 0 21 21 21 1 1 21 21 21 1 1
20 b- ar- r-2 -2 n- l-2 g- p- t-2 v-2 c-2 n- b- r-2 -2 n- 21 g- 21
n- ay Ju Ju Se Ja ar- ay l- e p- O ct- o v-2 e c-2
Ja Fe M Ap M Au Oc No De Fe M Ap M Ju Ju Au S N D
Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20 Jun-20 Jul-20 Aug-20 Sep-20 Oct-20 Nov-20 Dec-20 Jan-21 Feb-21 Mar-21 Apr-21 May-21 Jun-21 Jul-21 Aug-21 Sep-21 Oct-21 Nov-21 Dec-21

B A L A N C E
33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 33.65 22.14 22.14 22.14 26.85 26.85 26.85 30.03 30.03 30.03 36.42 36.42 36.42
30.20 30.20 30.20 30.20 30.20 30.20 31.70 31.70 31.70 31.70 31.70 31.70

2 0 2 1
Source: PETRONAS, Gas Malaysia Energy and Services Sdn Bhd

.
Note: Starting in January 2021, gas prices for the transmission segment are based on market prices.
 15 : Final
FigureFigure 15:Energy Consumption
Final Energy Per Capita
Consumption Per
in Capita
ASEAN in ASEAN

Mtoe/Millions
5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Brunei Darussalam 1.75 3.82 3.79 4.01 2.89 3.36 4.44 4.73 2.74 3.50 3.16 3.16 3.16 3.58 3.67 3.44
Cambodia 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.42 0.43
Indonesia 0.58 0.60 0.60 0.57 0.58 0.61 0.64 0.65 0.60 0.60 0.58 0.54 0.55 0.58 0.60 0.55
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.42 0.45 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.42 0.42
Malaysia 1.45 1.50 1.65 1.62 1.44 1.48 1.53 1.60 1.79 1.74 1.67 1.80 1.94 1.98 2.02 1.87
Myanmar 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.37
Philippines 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.30
Singapore 3.15 3.14 3.25 2.46 2.61 3.01 3.16 3.01 3.13 3.27 3.40 3.18 3.30 3.23 3.24 3.11
Thailand 1.08 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.17 1.26 1.26 1.34 1.40 1.40 1.43 1.41 1.43 1.45 1.47 1.39
Vietnam 0.42 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.51 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.43 0.53 0.55 0.63 0.67 0.68

Source: World Energy Balances, 2022 Edition, International Energy Agency (IEA)
 Figure 16 : Final Energy Intensity in ASEAN

Figure 16: Final Energy Intensity in ASEAN

Mtoe/Billion US$ 2015

0.50

0.45

0.40

0.35

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

N A T I O N A L
0.05

0.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
0.11 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.11

E N E R G Y
Brunei Darussalam 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.12
Cambodia 0.36 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.29 0.31
Indonesia 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.17
Malaysia 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
0.46 0.41 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26

B A L A N C E
Myanmar
Philippines 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09
Singapore 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05

2 0 2 1
Thailand 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22
0.27 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21

.
Vietnam

Source: World Energy Balances, 2022 Edition, International Energy Agency (IEA)
 Oil

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 2021

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 3 : Production and Resources of Oil as of 1st January 2021

Resources (Billion Barrel) Production (Thousand Barrel per day)

Region

Crude Oil Condensates Total Crude Oil Condensates Total

Peninsular Malaysia 1.086 0.206 1.292 135.38 31.76 167.13

Sabah 1.238 0.105 1.342 192.77 10.84 203.61
Sarawak 1.235 0.561 1.796 88.82 61.02 149.84

Total 3.559 0.871 4.430 416.96 103.62 520.58

Source : PETRONAS

Table 4 : Refinery Licensed Capacity

Refinery Plants Location Start-up date Thousand

Barrels/Day
Hengyuan Refining Company (formerly known as Port Dickson, 1963 155
Shell Refining Co. (FOM) Bhd) Negeri Sembilan
Petron Malaysia (previously owned by Port Dickson, 1960 88
ESSO Malaysia Bhd) Negeri Sembilan
PETRONAS Kertih, Terengganu* 1983 49
PETRONAS Melaka 1994 100
Malaysia Refining Company Sdn Bhd (PETRONAS / Melaka 1998 100
ConocoPhillips)
Kemaman Bitumen Company Kemaman, Terengganu 2003 28
Pengerang RAPID Pengerang, Johor NA 279
Total 799

Source : PETRON, PETRONAS & SHELL

Note (*): Excludes condensate splitter of 74,300 bpd

Table 5 : Breakdown on Sales of Petroleum Products in Thousand Barrels, 2021

Petroleum Products Peninsular
Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Total

Petrol 75,361 3,344 3,034 81,740

Diesel 51,985 5,401 4,241 61,627
Fuel Oil 2,256 3 25 2,283
Kerosene 659 3 4 665
LPG 13,087 863 807 14,757
ATF & AV Gas 6,838 261 222 7,321
Non-Energy 2,809 189 400 3,399

Total 152,995 10,064 8,733 171,792

Source: Oil companies

 Figure 17 : Net Export of Crude Oil
Figure 17: Net Export of Crude Oil

ktoe Net Export of Crude Oil

12,000

11,000

10,000

9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

N A T I O N A L
3,000

2,000

1,000

E N E R G Y
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
10,036 9,128 11,017 10,826 11,292 10,963 9,342 7,509 6,482 6,517 9,365 2,300 1,993 1,684 2,051 7,696 5,751 4,823 5,773 2,177 3,635 2,328

B A L A N C E
Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia and Oil companies
Note: Measurement in ktoe is based on the Energy Commission’s calculation

2 0 2 1
.
 of Petroleum
Figure 18: Export and Import Figure Products
18 : Export and Import of Petroleum Products

Import of Petroleum Products

ktoe Export of Petroleum Products

20,000

19,000

18,000

17,000

16,000

15,000

14,000

13,000

12,000

11,000

10,000

9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3.000

2,000

1.000

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
6,619 6,881 7,220 7,116 8,980 7,961 7,734 8,452 7,376 7,243 10,359 11,579 13,242 19,383 16,009 14,218 15,341 13,252 19,764 17,662 12,586 18,329
8,533 8,900 8,158 8,972 8,912 8,435 9,535 9,780 9,527 8,419 8,431 9,421 10,784 10,679 10,399 10,220 12,214 11,063 16,028 11,779 10,590 19,260

Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia and Oil companies

Note : Measurement in ktoe is based on the Energy Commission’s calculation
 Petroleum
Figure 19: Production ofFigure Products
19 : Production offrom Refineries
Petroleum Products From Refineries

ktoe

30,000

27,500

25,000

22,500

20,000

17,500

15,000

12,500

10,000

7,500

5,000

2,500

N A T I O N A L
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Refinery Gas 241 331 294 262 215 202 849 938 991 195 209 1,659 197 195 192 172 201 174 130 147 156 155
3,100

E N E R G Y
Non-Energy 2,492 3,020 2,127 2,623 2,455 2,157 2,750 3,461 4,475 5,905 4,357 4,572 4,318 3,089 2,826 3,869 4,339 2,550 3,708 1,954 2,762
LPG 838 875 897 932 897 822 1,118 1,228 1,208 732 697 665 702 1,252 1,102 780 1,285 832 900 560 672 1,755
ATF & AV Gas 2,660 2,954 2,570 2,367 2,693 2,553 2,938 3,138 3,139 3,085 2,891 3,457 3,918 2,750 2,916 2,841 2,548 3,255 3,451 3,470 2,459 2,386
Kerosene 239 283 414 983 591 521 537 234 245 565 483 419 654 387 100 6 4 10 18 8 12 10
Fuel Oil 2,532 2,269 2,332 1,763 1,813 1,777 1,933 1,990 1,994 1,144 327 571 1,608 1,286 2,340 1,692 1,479 1,725 2,432 1,388 1,204 1,497

B A L A N C E
Diesel 8,059 8,462 8,401 9,062 9,611 9,161 8,752 9,033 9,364 9,415 8,369 8,925 10,033 11,063 9,725 9,890 9,988 9,877 9,665 8,484 9,199 6,157
Petrol 3,893 4,623 4,460 4,584 4,724 4,245 4,607 5,285 5,066 4,052 3,873 3,599 4,708 4,702 4,918 5,031 5,044 8,253 5,524 5,317 5,089 6,760

2 0 2 1
Note : Oil companies

.
 Figure 20 : Final Consumption for Petroleum Products
Figure 20: Final Consumption for Petroleum Products

ktoe

30,000

27,500

25,000

22,500

20,000

17,500

15,000

12,500

10,000

7,500

5,000

2,500

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Non-Energy 737 723 735 730 707 632 699 846 831 1,874 2,035 2,471 2,159 2,001 1,744 1,458 2,647 2,680 2,811 2,812 2,611 1,764
Agriculture 104 98 95 98 87 101 254 266 267 189 1,049 890 1,023 1,019 988 854 368 625 968 870 808 986
Transport 12,059 13,121 13,409 14,226 15,328 15,193 14,700 15,566 16,186 15,871 16,562 16,756 19,329 21,859 23,750 22,760 23,379 23,473 22,957 24,215 17,771 17,203
Industrial 5,283 5,009 4,884 4,812 5,331 5,547 5,136 6,089 5,265 4,437 2,798 1,996 3,108 2,660 1,511 2,186 2,423 2,688 2,437 2,761 2,616 2,498
Commercial 723 729 810 673 709 756 765 1,266 894 1,026 1,246 1,019 877 915 877 767 925 601 448 553 543 461
Residential 675 644 702 637 724 783 844 820 1,009 750 712 791 715 736 647 674 605 798 789 623 960 993
Co-generations 183 159 172 170 123 87 34 83 63 92 201 199 25 23 25 51 46 226 154 71 56 37
Power Stations 783 1,008 1,839 629 546 573 788 513 480 589 540 2,084 1,316 1,015 891 380 320 246 204 536 166 244

Note : Oil companies

 Natural
Gas

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 2021

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 6 : Production and Resources of Natural Gas as of 1st January 2021
Resources Production

Region Trillion standard cubic feet (Tscf) Million standard cubic

feet per day (MMscf/d)
Associated Non-Associated Total
Peninsular Malaysia 5.885 14.362 20.246 1,813.76
Sabah 1.518 8.157 9.675 777.25
Sarawak 1.971 44.139 46.110 3,952.17

Total 9.374 66.658 76.032 6,543.18

Source : PETRONAS
Notes (*): Refers to the amount of gas produced/generated from associated fields.
1 cubic feet = 0.028317 cubic metre
Associated Gas: Natural gas produced in association with oil.
Non-Associated Gas: Natural gas produced from a gas reservoir not associated with oil.

Table 7 : Gas Processing Plants Capacity, 2021

Refinery Plants Location Start-up date Plant Capacity

1978 29.3 million tonnes per annum

PETRONAS LNG Complex Bintulu, Sarawak (MTPA)
PETRONAS Gas Processing Plant (GPP) 1984 2,000 million standard cubic
Kerteh, Terengganu feet/day (MMscfd)
Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) Bintulu, Sarawak 1993 500,000 thousand tonnes/year
PETRONAS Regasification Terminal Sungai Udang 500 million standard cubic
(RGTSU) Sungai Udang, Melaka 2013 feet/day (MMscfd)

PETRONAS Floating LNG SATU Offshore Sabah 2016 1.2 million tonnes per annum
(MTPA)
PETRONAS Regasification Terminal Pengerang Pengerang, Johor 2017 490 million standard cubic
(RGTP) feet/day (MMscfd)
PETRONAS Floating LNG DUA Offshore Sabah 2021 1.5 million tonnes per annum
(MTPA)

Source : PETRONAS, Shell MDS

Table 8 : Consumption of Natural Gas in MMscf, 2021

Peninsular
Sectors Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia

Residential 23 - - 23
Commercial 407 29 - 435
Industry 250,274 79,153 985 330,412
Non-energy 45,497 59,960 241,811 347,268
Transport 1,343 - - 1,343
Power Stations 299,565 37,392 26,637 363,594
Co-Generation 2,481 162 14,531 17,174

Total 599,590 176,695 283,965 1,060,250

Source: Power utilities, IPPs, PETRONAS and gas distribution companies

 Figure 21 : Export and Import of Piped Natural Gas and LNG
Figure 21: Export and Import of Piped Natural Gas and LNG

ktoe

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

N A T I O N A L
5,000

E N E R G Y
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
LNG Export 16,633 16,636 17,803 18,965 22,944 23,707 22,874 23,777 22,277 23,606 25,487 26,856 25,547 27,089 27,835 27,057 27,457 29,428 25,920 29,044 26,155 26,798
Piped Natural Gas Import - - - 1,501 999 1,340 3,313 5,435 4,565 5,055 7,013 6,979 7,866 7,098 6,472 5,941 5,557 5,183 5,573 5,325 5,519 6,049
Piped Natural Gas Export 1,198 1,178 1,098 1,402 1,143 1,134 1,257 1,257 1,524 1,166 1,340 1,147 1,368 1,497 1,129 1,062 841 1,452 1,407 1,114 1,179 1,569
LNG Import - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,450 2,019 1,873 1,275 1,815 1,383 2,663 2,939 1,996

B A L A N C E
Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia, gas companies and others -
Note: Measurement in ktoe is based on the Energy Commission’s calculation

2 0 2 1
.
Figure 22: Conversion in Gas Plants
Figure 22 : Conversion in Gas Plants

Regasification
Gas-to-Liquid
ktoe Liquefaction
40,000

37,500

35,000

32,500

30,000

27,500

25,000

22,500

20,000

17,500

15,000

12,500

10,000

7,500

5,000

2,500

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
1,646 1,823 1,949 1,233 1,033 1,779 1,500 1,900 1,843 1,438 2,753 2,793 2,521 1,652 1,670 1,578 2,570 2,470 2,523 2,532 2,439 1,681
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,873 1,277 1,815 1,383 2,663 2,939 1,996
17,231 16,636 17,803 18,965 22,944 24,254 23,450 24,355 22,793 25,004 26,601 28,130 26,231 28,209 28,213 27,722 31,658 29,468 25,920 29,044 26,155 26,798

Note: Source: Oil and gas companies

-
Source:
 Figure 23: Natural Gas Consumption Natural
Figure 23 :by Gas Consumption by Sectors
Sectors

ktoe

35,000

32,500

30,000

27,500

25,000

22,500

20,000

17,500

15,000

12,500

10,000

7,500

N A T I O N A L
5,000

2,500

E N E R G Y
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Co-Generation 530 495 128 469 568 923 1,431 1,140 1,030 1,385 1,031 1,697 1,734 1,650 1,678 1,739 1,094 1,038 1,274 1,333 1,395 1,186
Power Stations 11,580 11,922 12,424 10,893 10,545 12,271 12,330 12,476 13,651 13,390 12,628 10,956 11,533 13,520 13,860 13,378 13,260 11,872 11,542 13,072 9,841 9,936
Non-Energy 1,512 1,655 1,775 1,616 1,476 1,541 2,110 2,112 2,046 1,995 1,661 3,967 5,336 5,276 4,472 4,470 6,083 9,837 10,451 10,819 9,193 9,105

B A L A N C E
Transport 7 14 28 40 54 95 120 147 194 236 247 272 292 289 276 264 208 148 121 98 65 35
Industrial 2,327 2,937 3,824 4,207 4,937 5,317 5,301 5,416 5,541 4,544 4,310 4,300 4,556 4,488 4,869 4,808 5,989 6,827 8,255 7,706 7,358 8,663
Commercial 12 10 11 18 18 23 24 28 31 25 30 32 22 22 22 24 24 25 24 23 14 11

2 0 2 1
Residential 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 2 6 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

.
 Coal

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 2021

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 9 : Production and Resources of Coal as of 31st December 2021

Resources Coal Type Production

(Million Tonnes)
Location
Measured (metric tonnes)

SARAWAK Coking Coal, Semi-Anthracite and

1. Abok & Silantek, Sri Aman Anthracite 32,940
7.25
2. Merit-Pila, Kapit Sub-Bituminous 470,050
168.89
3. Bintulu Bituminous (partly coking coal) -
6.00
4. Mukah - Balingian Lignite, Hydrous Lignite and Sub-Bituminous 2,607,615
84.15
5. Tutoh Area Sub-Bituminous -
5.58
Total 271.87 3,110,605

Source: Department of Mineral and Geosciences Malaysia

Table 10: Consumption of Coal in metric tonnes, 2021

Sectors Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia

Industry 2,077,156 - 130,753 2,207,909

Power Stations 31,198,001 - 2,945,823 34,143,824

Total 33,275,158 0 3,076,575 36,351,733

Source: Power Utilities, IPPs, cement, iron and steel manufacturers

 Figure 24 : Net Import of Coal

Figure 24: Net Import of Coal

Ktoe

25,000

22,500

20,000

17,500

15,000

13,500

10,000

7,500

5,000

N A T I O N A L
2,500

E N E R G Y
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Net Import of Coal 1,924 2,631 3,405 5,232 7,413 6,568 7,917 8,152 9,519 9,007 13,011 13,189 13,988 13,583 13,590 15,895 17,128 18,799 20,743 19,622 22,235 20,355

Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia, Power Utilities, IPPs, cement, iron and steel manufacturers
Note: Measurement In ktoe is based on the Energy Commission’s calculation

B A L A N C E
2 0 2 1
.
 Figure 25 : Coal Consumption by Sectors

Figure 25: Coal Consumption by Sectors

Power Stations
ktoe Industry
25,000

22,500

20,000

17,500

15,000

13,500

10,000

7,500

5,000

2,500

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
1,495 1,994 2556 4,104 5,327 5,541 5,964 7,486 8,069 9,010 12,951 13,013 14,138 13,527 13,648 15,627 17,101 18,967 20,472 19,351 23,451 21,525
991 997 1,086 1,212 1,305 1,348 1,335 1,362 1,713 1,613 1,826 1,759 1,744 1,539 1,709 1,778 1,785 1,804 1,808 1,706 1,338 1,392

Source: Power Utilities, IPPs, cement, iron and steel manufacturers

 Electricity

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 2021

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 11 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2021, in MW

Diesel / MFO
Major Hydro

Natural Gas
Mini Hydro

Biomass

Biogas

Others
Solar

Total
Coal
TNB 2,536.1 20.2 1,973.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,529.3

IPPs 0.0 20.0 9,666.8 12,180.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,866.8

Co-Generation 0.0 0.0 757.5 0.0 0.0 12.4 0.0 0.0 233.9 1,003.8
Peninsular Malaysia

Self-Generation 0.0 2.1 9.1 0.0 54.5 131.9 10.7 0.0 0.0 208.3

FiT 0.0 67.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.9 288.1 114.7 0.0 515.5

RE Non-FiT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

LSS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 859.4 0.0 0.0 859.4

NEM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 426.8 0.0 0.0 426.8

Sub Total 2,536.1 110.1 12,406.4 12,180.0 54.5 189.2 1,585.1 114.7 233.9 29,410.1

SESB 72.0 7.6 112.0 0.0 152.4 0.0 29.9 0.0 0.0 373.9

IPPs 0.0 0.0 1,012.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,012.6

Co-Generation 0.0 0.0 65.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 102.0
Sabah

Self-Generation 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.0 126.2 113.9 0.0 4.6 0.0 249.2

FiT 0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 34.4 9.6 0.0 77.8

LSS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 50.0

NEM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sub Total 72.0 27.6 1,194.0 0.0 278.6 164.7 114.3 14.2 0.0 1,865.5

SEB 3,452.0 18.9 1,005.0 1,104.0 102.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 5,682.1

Co-Generation 0.0 0.0 389.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 389.0
Sarawak

Self-Generation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.5 57.6 0.0 0.5 5.1 75.7

Sub Total 3,452.0 18.9 1,394.0 1,104.0 114.6 57.6 0.1 0.5 5.1 6,146.8

Total 6,060.1 156.6 14,994.5 13,284.0 447.7 411.5 1,699.5 129.4 238.9 37,422.3

Share (%) 16.2% 0.4% 40.1% 35.5% 1.2% 1.1% 4.5% 0.3% 0.6% 100.0%

Source: Power Utilities, IPPs, SEDA Malaysia and Ministry of Utility and Telecommunication Sarawak
Note: Excluding plants that are not in operation
 Figure 26 : Installed Capacity As of 31st December 2021

Figure 26: Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2021

Natural Gas

Coal
1.2% 4.5%
Diesel / MFO 0.4%
Biomass 1.1%
1.1%
Solar
16.6%
Biogas 0.6%
Hydro

Others

Total:
37,422 MW
40.1%

35.5%

Note: Power Utilities, IPPs, SEDA Malaysia and Ministry of Utility and Telecommunication Sarawak

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 12 : Available Capacity As of 31st December 2021, in MW

Biomass / Biogas
Diesel / MFO
Natural Gas
Hydro

Solar

Total
Coal
Peninsular Malaysia 2,532.0 11,403.0 11,947.0 0.0 0.0 609.0 26,491.0

Sabah 98.0 968.5 0.0 128.5 35.4 83.6 1,313.9

Sarawak 3,456.9 883.0 1,001.0 98.1 0.0 0.1 5,439.1

Total 6,086.9 13,254.5 12,948.0 226.6 35.4 692.7 33,244.0

Notes: 1. Available Capacity for Peninsular Malaysia is based on Tested Annual Available Capacity (TAAC),
2. Available Capacity for Sabah is based on Dependable Capacity
3. Bakun hydro acquisition by SEB in Q3 2017
Source: Power Utilities and IPPs

Figure 27 : Available Capacity As of 31st December 2021

Figure 27: Available Capacity as of 31st December 2021

Natural Gas
0.1%
Coal
2.1%
Diesel / MFO
Biomass / Biogas 0.7%
18.3%
Solar
Hydro

Total: 39.9%
33,244 MW

38.9%

Source: Power Utilities and IPPs

 Table 13 : Installed Capacity of Major Hydro Power Stations

Station Installed Capacity (MW) Total (MW)

Peninsular Malaysia
1. Terengganu
- Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Mahmud Kenyir 4 x 100 400.0
- Stesen Janakuasa Hulu Terengganu 2 x 125 250.0
- Stesen Janakuasa Tembat 2 x 7.5 15.0
2. Perak
- Stesen Janakuasa Temenggor 4 x 87 348.0
- Stesen Janakuasa Bersia 3 x 24 72.0
- Stesen Janakuasa Kenering 3 x 40 120.0
- Chenderoh 3 x 10.7 + 1 x 8.4 40.5
- Sg. Piah Hulu 2 x 7.3 14.6
- Sg. Piah Hilir 2 x 27 54.0
3. Pahang
- Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Yussuf, Jor 4 x 25 100.0
- Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Idris II, Woh 3 x 50 150.0
- Stesen Janakuasa Ulu Jelai 2 x 186 372.0
4. Kelantan
- Pergau 4 x 150 600.0
Subtotal 2,536.1
Sabah
- Tenom Pangi 3 x 24 72.0
Subtotal 72.0
Sarawak
- Batang Ai 4 x 27 108.0
- Bakun 8 x 300 2,400.0
- Murum 4 x 236 944.0
Subtotal 3,452.0

Total 6,060.1

Source: TNB, SESB and SEB

Notes: Exclude plants that are not in operation or in rehabilitation.

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 14 : Installed Capacity of Mini Hydro Power Stations
Station Total(MW)
1. Kedah
- Sungai Tawar Besar 0.55
- Sungai Mempelam 0.38
- Sungai Mahang 0.45
2. Perak
- Sungai Tebing Tinggi 0.15
- Sungai Asap 0.11
- Sungai Kinjang 0.33
- Sungai Bil 0.23
- Sungai Kenas 0.50
- Sungai Chempias 0.12
- Sungai Temelong 0.80
3. Pahang
- Stesen Janakuasa Cameron Highlands Scheme2 -Odak, Habu,Kg Raja, Kg Terla, Robinson Falls 10.60
- Sungai Perdak 0.27
- Sungai Mentawak 0.50
- Sungai Pertang 0.34
- Sungai Sia 0.52
- Sungai Sempam 1.25
4. Kelantan
- Sg Renyok G1 0.80
- Sg Renyok G2 0.80
- Sg Sok 0.56
Sg Lata Rek 0.25
5. Terengganu
- Sg Berang 0.36
- Sg Cheralak 0.48
Subtotal 20.36
Sabah
- Sayap (Kota Belud) 1.00
- Melangkap 1.00
- Bombalai (Tawau) 1.00
- Merotai (Tawau) 1.00
- Kiau (Kota Belud) 0.35
- Naradau (Ranau) 1.76
- Carabau (Ranau) 2.00
Subtotal 8.11
Sarawak
- Sg Pasir 0.40
- Penindin 0.28
- Sebako 0.16
- Lundu 0.14
- Kalamuku 1 0.50
- Kalamuku 2 0.50
- Sg Kota 4.00
- Long Banga* 0.16
Subtotal 6.14
Total 34.61

Source: TNB, SESB and SEB

Notes: 1. * Micro hydro Project Long Banga owned by SEB
2. Exclude plants that are not in operation or in rehabilitation.
 Table 15 : Transmission Network in Circuit – Kilometres, 2021

Utility 500 kV 275 kV 132 kV 66 kV

TNB 2,567 9,526 12,760 -

SESB - 807 2,244 103

SEB 753 3,100 1,200 -

Source: TNB, SESB and SEB

Table 16 : Distribution Network in Circuit – Kilometres, 2021

Utility Overhead Lines Underground Cables

TNB 392,894 330,241

SESB 12,820 1,710

SEB 28,427 10,320

Source: TNB, SESB and SEB

Table 17 : Gross Generation, Consumption, Available Capacity, Peak Demand and Reserve
Margin for Electricity in Malaysia, 2021

Region Electricity Gross Electricity Available Peak Reserve

Generation Consumption Capacity** Demand Margin

GWh % GWh % MW MW %

Peninsular Malaysia 138,423 77.5 118,365 76.5 26,491 18,585 42.5

Sarawak 32,881 18.4 30,446 19.7 5,439 4,107 32.4

Sabah* 7,276 4.1 5,894 3.8 1,314 1,003 31.0

Total 178,580 100.0 154,705 100.0 33,244

Source: TNB and IPPs, SESB and SEB

Notes: 1. Most diesel units in SESB are aged sets hence they are derated due to thermal limitations. Therefore, during operational state, some
generating units are not available due to maintenance outages as well as random breakdowns; the actual operation capacity
available to system operation for dispatch was very limited.
2. Available Capacity for Peninsular Malaysia was based on Tested Annual Available Capacity (TAAC), Available Capacity for Sabah is
based on Dependable Capacity
3. Peak demand for Sarawak is the co-incidental peak

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Figure 28: Energy Input in Power Stations, 2021
Figure 28: Energy Input in Power Stations, 2021

Coal
0.0%
Renewables 28.6%
Fuel Oil
Diesel Oil
0.9%
Natural Gas 0.7%
Hydropower

7.7%
Total:
34,695 ktoe

62.1%

Note: Figures exclude fuel consumption for self-generation plants

Source: Power utilities and IPPs

Figure 29: Generation Mix by Fuel Types, 2021

Figure 29: Generation Mix by Fuel Types, 2021

Coal
1.6% 30.7%
Hydropower
Renewables
Oil 0.5%
Natural Gas

18.0%

Total:
172,341 GWh

49.2%

Note: Figures exclude electricity generation for self-generation plants

Source: Power utilities and IPPs
 Table 18 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in GWh

Industry Commercial Residential Transport Agriculture Total

Region

GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh

Peninsular 50,345 65.6 33,974 87.7 33,010 86.5 353 100.0 682.9 100.0 118,365
Malaysia

Sarawak 24,849 32.4 2,621 6.8 2,976 7.8 - - - - 30,446

Sabah 1,561 2.0 2,166 5.6 2,167 5.7 - - - - 5,894

Total 76,756 100.0 38,761 100.0 38,153 100.0 353 100.0 683 100.0 154,705

Source: Power utilities, IPPs and Self-Generators

Figure 30 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2021

Figure 30: Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2021

Industry
Commercial 24.7%
Residential
Transport
Agriculture

25.1% Total:
154,705 GWh 0.2%
0.4%
49.6%

Source: Power utilities, IPPs and Self-Generators

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Figure 31 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2021
Figure 31: Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2021

ktoe toe
7,000 60,000

6,500 55,000

6,000
50,000
5,500
45,000
5,000
40,000
4,500

35,000
4,000

3,500 30,000

3,000 25,000

2,500
20,000
2,000
15,000
1,500
10,000
1,000

5,000
500

0 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Residential 975 1,081 1,161 1,248 1,319 1,395 1,515 1,598 1,668 1,792 1,937 1,974 2,126 2,262 2,346 2,471 2,679 2,610 2,553 2,715 3,124 3,174
Commercial 1,478 1,579 1,698 1,818 1,979 2,172 2,277 2,496 2,598 2,743 3,020 3,172 3,325 3,466 3,566 3,663 3,817 3,762 3,958 4,086 3,480 3,443
Industrial 2,805 2,930 3,059 3,242 3,340 3,371 3,475 3,587 3,687 3,719 3,994 4,045 4,509 4,818 5,072 5,200 5,822 6,145 6,547 6,748 6,403 6,604
Transport* (toe) 4,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 14,117 15,295 14,862 11,358 18,439 18,428 21,027 20,774 22,443 22,901 29,291 39,451 41,439 41,080 33,540 30,380
Agriculture** (toe) - - - - - - 4,886 15,991 19,393 21,080 23,920 26,312 30,014 32,240 35,578 40,526 46,747 50,228 53,113 57,088 59,167 58,757

Source : TNB, SEB, SESB, Co-Generators and Land Public Transport Agency (APAD)
Note (*): From 2006 until 2018 data were collected directly from train operators
(**): Effective from 1st June 2006, TNB has introduced Specific Agriculture Tariff; previously Agriculture was under the Commercial Tariff
Table 19 : Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy by Public
Licensee by Region in 2021

Region Type of Prime Mover Installed Capacity (MW) Unit Generated (MWh)

Major Hydro - TNB 2,536.10 6,798,789

Mini Hydro - IPP 20.00 111,483

Mini Hydro - FiT 67.80 271,820

Mini Hydro - TNB 20.16 41,421

Peninsular Solar - FiT 288.13 402,308

Malaysia
Solar - LSS 859.36 1,546,596

Solar - NEM 426.84 523,472

Biogas - FiT 114.71 422,153

Biomass - FiT 44.85 106,699

Subtotal 4,377.94 10,224,742

Major Hydro - SESB 72.00 360,014

Mini Hydro-SESB 7.60 14,752

Mini Hydro - FiT 20.00 17,289

Solar - FiT 34.38 48,933

Solar - LSS 50.00 79,910

Sabah
Biogas - FiT 9.60 32,988

Biomass - FiT 13.80 53,690

Solar -NEM 0.03 42

Biomass - Public Co-Gen 29.45 35,361

Subtotal 236.86 642,980

Major Hydro - SEB 23,336,010

3,452.00

Mini Hydro -SEB 30,260

18.92
Sarawak
Solar 74
0.09

Subtotal 3,471.01 23,366,344

Grand Total 8,085.81 34,234,066

Source: Energy Commission, TNB, SESB, SEB, Ministry of Utility and Telecommunication Sarawak and SEDA Malaysia
Notes: 1. Public Licensee is a licensee generates for his own use as well as to supply to others
2. NEM Generation data is based on net generation exported to the grid

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
Table 20 : Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy by Private
Licensee by Region in 2021

Region Type of Prime Mover Installed Capacity (MW) Unit Generated (MWh)

Biomass - Private Co-Gen 12.44 13,306

Biomass - Self-Gen 131.95 249,267

Peninsular
Malaysia Solar - Self-Gen 10.66 13,430

Mini Hydro-Self-Gen 2.13 4,116

Subtotal 157.18 280,119

Solar - SESB 29.88 24,342

Biomass - Private Co-Gen 7.50 7,396

Sabah Biomass - Self-Gen 113.92 125,705

Biogas - Self-Gen 4.64 13,471

Subtotal 155.94 170,914

Biomass - Self-Gen 57.60 96,342

Biogas-Self -Gen 0.50 1,004

Sarawak
Subtotal 58.10 97,346

Grand Total 371.23 548,379

Source: Energy Commission and Ministry of Utility and Telecommunication Sarawak

Note: 1. Private Licensee is a licensee that generates electricity for his own use only
 Key
Energy
Statistics

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 2021

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 21 : Primary Energy Supply in ktoe

Share (%)

Annual Growth Rate (%)

Petroleum Products &

Products & Others

Hydropower &
& Renewables

Crude Oil and

Hydropower
Coal & Coke

Coal & Coke

Renewables
Natural Gas

Natural Gas
Petroleum
Crude Oil

Others

Total
2000 21,673 (1,431) 26,370 2,486 599 49,697 14.2 40.7 53.1 5.0 1.2

2001 23,590 (1,917) 25,649 2,970 607 50,899 2.4 42.6 50.4 5.8 1.2

2002 22,647 (523) 26,101 3,642 456 52,323 2.8 42.3 49.9 7.0 0.9

2003 25,344 (1,408) 27,257 5,316 435 56,944 8.8 42.0 47.9 9.3 0.8

2004 25,335 (82) 29,145 7,109 501 62,008 8.9 40.7 47.0 11.5 0.8

2005 24,339 (243) 33,913 6,889 446 65,344 5.4 36.9 51.9 10.5 0.7

2006 24,910 (1,671) 34,917 7,299 554 66,009 1.0 35.2 52.9 11.1 0.8

2007 26,571 (1,190) 36,639 8,848 558 71,426 8.2 35.5 51.3 12.4 0.8

2008 26,776 (1,780) 39,289 9,782 642 74,709 4.6 33.5 52.6 13.1 0.9

2009 26,386 96 35,851 10,623 574 73,530 (1.6) 36.0 48.8 14.4 0.8

2010 22,487 2,521 35,447 14,777 540 75,772 3.0 33.0 46.8 19.5 0.7

2011 24,679 2,224 35,740 14,772 680 78,095 3.1 34.4 45.8 18.9 0.9

2012 28,053 1,449 38,647 15,882 1,092 85,123 9.0 34.7 45.4 18.7 1.3

2013 27,154 5,320 39,973 15,067 1,532 89,046 4.6 36.5 44.9 16.9 1.7

2014 26,765 6,658 40,113 15,357 1,798 90,691 1.8 36.9 44.2 16.9 2.0

2015 24,971 4,865 41,853 17,406 2,017 91,112 0.5 32.7 45.9 19.1 2.2

2016 27,757 3,570 41,257 18,744 2,420 93,747 2.9 33.4 44.0 20.0 2.6

2017 27,471 1,909 41,200 20,771 2,994 94,345 0.6 31.1 43.7 22.0 3.2

2018 25,735 3,694 40,939 22,280 3,261 95,909 1.7 30.7 42.7 23.2 3.4

2019 25,523 7,290 41,461 21,057 3,349 98,680 2.9 33.3 42.0 21.3 3.4

2020 23,101 2,672 39,939 24,788 3,693 94,194 (4.5) 27.4 42.4 26.3 3.9

2021 23,913 1,338 42,296 22,917 3,937 94,401 0.2 26.7 44.8 24.3 4.2
 Table 22 : Net Import and Export of Energy in ktoe

Petroleum products
Net Export of LNG

coal and Coke

Net Import of

Net Import of
Net Export of

Net Export of

Net Export of
Natural Gas

Electricity
Crude Oil

2000 10,036 16,633 1,198 - (1,914) 1,924

2001 9,128 16,636 1,163 - (2,019) 2,631

2002 11,017 17,803 1,098 3 (936) 3,405

2003 10,826 18,965 (99) 17 (1,856) 5,232

2004 11,292 22,944 144 45 68 7,413

2005 10,963 22,299 (206) 192 (474) 6,568

2006 9,342 22,873 (2,404) 200 (1,798) 7,917

2007 7,509 23,777 (4,140) 195 (1,329) 8,152

2008 6,482 22,277 (3,041) 41 (1,609) 9,519

2009 6,517 23,606 (3,889) 8 (1,177) 9,007

2010 9,365 26,857 (4,183) (32) 1,930 13,011

2011 2,300 26,856 (5,832) (31) 2,159 13,189

2012 1,993 25,547 (6,498) (7) 2,458 13,988

2013 1,684 25,639 (5,602) (16) 7,400 13,583

2014 2,051 25,816 (5,343) - 5,611 13,590

2015 7,696 25,145 (4,879) (1) 3,998 15,895

2016 5,751 26,182 (4,716) 57 3,128 17,128

2017 4,823 27,613 (3,731) 96 2,189 18,799

2018 5,773 24,537 (4,167) 128 3,735 20,743

2019 2,177 26,381 (4,211) 143 5,882 19,622

2020 3,635 23,216 (4,340) 29 1,997 22,235

2021 2,328 24,802 (4,480) 246 (930) 20,355

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 23 : Conversion in Gas Plants in ktoe

Input: Gas Plants

Natural Gas Liquefaction Regasification Gas-to-Liquid

2000 26,093 17,231 NA 1,646

2001 25,703 16,636 NA 1,823

2002 25,571 17,803 NA 1,949

2003 27,940 18,965 NA 1,233

2004 33,176 22,944 NA 1,033

2005 36,447 24,254 NA 1,779

2006 35,378 23,450 NA 1,500

2007 38,141 24,355 NA 1,900

2008 38,193 22,793 NA 1,843

2009 37,098 25,004 NA 1,438

2010 40,246 26,601 NA 2,753

2011 40,737 28,130 NA 2,793

2012 40,042 26,231 NA 2,521

2013 39,678 28,209 NA 1,652

2014 39,193 28,213 NA 1,670

2015 40,773 39,957 1,873 1,578

2016 39,665 31,658 1,277 2,570

2017 38,296 29,468 1,815 2,470

2018 32,980 25,920 1,383 2,523

2019 33,968 29,044 2,663 2,532

2020 34,410 26,155 2,939 2,439

2021 37,002 26,798 1,996 1,681

Note: 1. NA means not applicable

2. Liquefaction refers to quantities of natural gas used for liquefaction to LNG and the amount of LNG produced.
3. Regasification refers to quantities of LNG used for vaporization to natural gas and the amount of natural gas produced.
4. Gas-to-Liquid refers to a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid hydrocarbons such as petroleum products.
 Table 24 : Conversion in Refineries in ktoe

Input: Output:

Imported Crude Oil

Local Crude Oil

ATF & AV GAS

Non - Energy

Refinery Gas

Total Output
Total Input

Kerosene
& Others

Fuel Oil
Diesel
Petrol

LPG
2000 15,421 6,743 22,164 3,893 8,059 2,532 239 2,660 838 2,492 241 20,954

2001 13,299 10,546 23,845 4,623 8,462 2,269 283 2,954 875 3,020 331 22,817

2002 14,838 8,032 22,870 4,460 8,401 2,332 414 2,570 897 2,127 294 21,495

2003 17,127 8,322 25,449 4,584 9,062 1,763 983 2,367 932 2,623 262 22,576

2004 16,810 8,764 25,574 4,724 9,611 1,813 591 2,693 897 2,455 215 22,999

2005 18,216 6,271 24,487 4,245 9,161 1,777 521 2,553 822 2,157 202 21,438

2006 16,797 8,113 24,910 4,607 8,752 1,933 537 2,938 1,118 2,750 849 23,484

2007 17,320 9,251 26,571 5,285 9,033 1,990 234 3,138 1,228 3,461 938 25,307

2008 18,638 8,138 26,776 5,066 9,364 1,994 245 3,139 1,208 4,475 991 26,482

2009 20,685 5,812 26,497 4,052 9,415 1,144 565 3,085 732 5,905 195 25,093

2010 14,003 8,706 22,709 3,873 8,369 327 483 2,891 697 4,357 209 21,206

2011 14,874 9,904 24,777 3,599 8,925 571 419 3,457 665 4,572 1,659 23,867

2012 17,213 10,347 27,560 4,708 10,033 1,608 654 3,918 702 4,318 197 26,138

2013 17,365 9,289 26,654 4,702 11,063 1,286 387 2,750 1,252 3,089 195 24,724

2014 16,351 10,066 26,417 4,918 9,725 2,340 100 2,916 1,102 2,826 192 24,119

2015 17,249 7,327 24,575 5,031 9,890 1,692 6 2,841 780 3,869 172 24,281

2016 18,170 9,353 27,524 5,044 9,988 1,479 4 2,548 1,285 4,339 201 24,888

2017 17,647 9,605 27,252 8,253 9,877 1,725 10 3,255 832 3,100 174 27,226

2018 16,144 9,409 25,553 5,524 9,665 2,432 18 3,451 900 2,550 130 24,670

2019 17,209 7,999 25,208 5,317 8,484 1,388 8 3,470 560 3,708 147 23,082

2020 15,739 7,235 22,974 5,089 9,199 1,204 12 2,459 672 1,954 156 20,745

2021 17,828 6,069 23,897 6,760 6,157 1,497 10 2,386 1,755 2,762 155 21,483

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
Table 25 : Conversion in Power Stations (Exclude Co-Generation & Private Licensed Plants)
in ktoe

Input: Input Share (%) Output:

Annual Growth Rate (%)

Fuel and Diesel Oil

Total Electricity
Hydro Power
Natutral Gas

Coal & Coke

Renewables

Hydo Power

Renewables
Natural Gas
Total Input

Generated
Diesel Oil
Fuel Oil

Coal
2000 592 191 11,580 599 1,495 - 14,457 9.0 5.4 80.1 4.1 10.3 - 5,731

2001 730 278 11,922 607 1,994 - 15,531 7.4 6.5 76.8 3.9 12.8 - 5,940

2002 1,363 476 12,424 456 2,556 - 17,275 11.2 10.6 71.9 2.6 14.8 - 6,191
2003 289 340 10,893 435 4,104 - 16,061 (7.0) 3.9 67.8 2.7 25.6 - 6,568

2004 274 272 10,545 501 5,327 - 16,919 5.3 3.2 62.3 3.0 31.5 - 6,716

2005 275 298 12,271 446 5,541 - 18,831 11.3 3.0 65.2 2.4 29.4 - 6,706

2006 171 617 12,524 554 5,964 - 19,830 5.3 4.0 63.2 2.8 30.1 - 7,240

2007 199 314 12,549 558 7,486 - 22,842 6.4 2.4 59.5 2.6 35.5 - 8,385

2008 181 299 13,651 642 8,069 - 22,842 8.2 2.1 59.8 2.8 35.3 - 8,422

2009 205 384 13,390 574 9,010 - 23,563 3.2 2.5 56.8 2.4 38.2 - 8,531

2010 125 415 12,628 540 12,951 - 26,659 13.1 2.0 47.4 2.0 48.6 - 9,404

2011 1,103 981 10,977 656 13,013 - 26,730 0.3 7.8 41.1 2.5 48.7 - 10,193

2012 550 811 11,533 779 14,138 80 27,891 4.3 4.9 41.4 2.8 50.7 0.3 11,032

2013 392 623 13,520 1,003 13,527 208 29,273 5.0 3.5 46.2 3.4 46.2 0.7 11,630

2014 269 622 13,860 1,152 13,648 171 29,722 1.5 3.0 46.6 3.9 45.9 0.6 12,227

2015 101 279 13,378 1,346 15,627 166 30,898 4.0 1.2 43.3 4.4 50.6 0.5 12,393

2016 155 165 13,260 1,723 17,101 168 32,572 5.4 1.0 40.7 5.3 52.5 0.5 12,944

2017 99 147 11,872 2,287 18,967 184 33,556 3.0 0.7 35.4 6.8 56.5 0.5 13,375

2018 17 187 11,542 2,265 20,472 276 34,759 3.6 0.6 33.2 6.5 58.9 0.8 13,939

2019 19 517 13,072 2,251 19,351 287 35,497 2.1 1.5 36.8 6.3 54.5 0.8 13,127

2020 12 154 9,841 2,348 23,451 367 36,172 1.9 0.5 27.2 6.5 64.8 1.0 14,433

2021 8 236 9,936 2,676 21,525 314 34,695 (2.3) 0.7 28.6 7.7 62.0 0.9 14,828
 Table 26 : Final Energy Consumption by Sectors in ktoe

Agiculture & Non - Energy

Million at 2015 Prices)

Industrial including

Intensity (toe/RM
Industyry Energy
Non-Energy Use

AnnuAl Growth
Resdential and

Industry GDP*
Commercial

Agriculture
Industrial

Transport

Rate (%)
Total
2000 11,406 12,071 3,868 2,250 104 29,699 9.1 13,760 323,348 42.55

2001 11,852 13,137 4,048 2,378 98 31,513 6.1 14,328 315,054 45.48

2002 12,854 13,442 4,387 2,511 96 33,290 5.6 15,461 327,133 47.26

2003 13,472 14,271 4,399 2,345 98 34,585 3.9 15,915 351,628 45.26

2004 14,914 15,385 4,754 87 37,323 7.9 17,184 376,085 45.69

2,183

2005 15,583 15,293 5,134 2,173 101 38,284 2.6 17,857 388,442 45.97

2006 15,248 14,819 5,424 2,819 258 38,568 0.7 18,325 406,056 45.13

2007 16,454 15,717 6,197 2,957 281 41,606 7.9 19,692 417,734 47.14

2008 16,205 16,395 6,205 2,876 287 41,968 0.9 19,368 420,639 46.04

2009 14,312 16,119 6,336 3,868 211 40,846 (2.7) 18,391 395,287 46.53

2010 12,928 16,828 6,951 3,696 1,074 41,477 1.5 17,698 424,530 41.69

2011 12,100 17,070 6,993 6,377 916 43,456 4.8 19,393 438,593 44.22

2012 13,919 19,757 7,065 7,497 1,053 49,291 13.4 22,469 456,449 49.23

2013 13,496 22,357 7,403 7,277 1,051 51,584 4.7 21,824 471,292 46.31

2014 13,162 24,327 7,459 6,217 1,045 52,210 1.2 20,424 495,773 41.20

2015 13,971 23,435 7,600 5,928 895 51,829 (0.7) 20,794 518,360 40.12

2016 16,019 24,004 8,051 8,729 415 57,219 10.4 25,164 532,752 47.23

2017 17,463 24,039 7,796 12,517 674 62,489 9.2 30,654 559,332 54.80

2018 19,046 23,555 7,773 13,262 1,021 64,657 3.5 33,329 574,231 58.04

2019 18,921 25,004 8,000 13,631 927 66,483 2.8 33,479 587,196 57.02

2020 17,714 18,660 8,123 11,805 867 57,169 (14.0) 30,386 553,448 54.90

2021 19,157 18,095 8,084 10,869 1,045 57,250 0.1 31,070 580,446 53.53

Note (*): 1. Defined as total GDP for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing, Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing and Construction
2. Industry GDP for year 2000-2014 was calculated by the Energy Commission

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 27 : Final Energy Consumption by Type of Fuel in ktoe

Annual Growth Rate (%)

Total (excl. Non-Energy)
Gas for Non-Energy
Petroleum Products

Gas for Heating

Coal & Coke

Natural Gas
and Others

Electricity

Total
2000 19,582 5,263 1,512 2,350 3,862 991 29,698 28,186 8.0

2001 20,323 5,594 1,655 2,965 4,620 977 31,514 29,859 5.9

2002 20,638 5,922 1,775 3,868 5,643 1,086 33,289 31,514 5.5

2003 21,175 6,313 1,616 4,270 5,886 1,212 34,586 32,970 4.6

2004 22,886 6,642 1,476 5,014 6,490 1,305 37,323 35,847 8.7

2005 23,012 6,944 1,541 5,440 6,981 1,348 38,285 36,744 2.5

2006 22,398 7,272 2,120 5,442 7,562 1,335 38,567 36,447 (0.8)

2007 24,852 7,683 2,112 5,597 7,709 1,362 41,606 39,494 8.4

2008 24,451 7,986 2,046 5,772 7,818 1,713 41,968 39,922 1.1

2009 24,145 8,286 1,995 4,807 6,802 1,613 40,846 38,851 (2.7)

2010 24,403 8,993 1,661 4,593 6,254 1,826 41,476 39,815 2.5

2011 23,946 9,236 3,906 4,609 8,515 1,759 43,456 39,550 (0.7)

2012 27,329 10,011 5,336 4,870 10,206 1,744 49,290 43,954 11.1

2013 29,379 10,590 5,276 4,800 10,076 1,539 51,584 46,308 5.4

2014 29,817 11,042 4,472 5,168 9,641 1,709 52,209 47,737 3.1

2015 29,087 11,397 4,470 5,096 9,566 1,778 51,829 47,359 (0.8)

2016 30,737 12,394 6,083 6,221 12,304 1,785 57,219 51,136 8.0

2017 31,241 12,607 9,837 7,001 16,838 1,804 62,490 52,653 3.0

2018 30,845 13,153 10,451 8,400 18,851 1,808 64,657 54,206 2.9

2019 32,483 13,647 10,819 7,828 18,647 1,706 66,483 55,664 2.7

2020 26,100 13,100 9,193 7,438 16,631 1,338 57,169 47,976 (13.8)

2021 24,731 13,311 9,105 8,710 17,815 1,392 57,250 48,145 0.4
 Table 28 : Final Consumption for Petroleum Products in ktoe

Non-Energy & Others

ATF & AV Gas
Kerosene
Fuel Oil
Diesel

Petrol

Total
LPG
2000 7,627 6,387 1,875 1,362 131 1,574 625 19,581

2001 8,116 6,827 1,497 1,392 99 1,762 630 20,323

2002 8,042 6,948 1,589 1,542 92 1,785 639 20,637

2003 8,539 7,360 1,256 1,437 93 1,852 639 21,176

2004 9,262 7,839 1,463 1,542 86 2,056 637 22,885

2005 8,672 8,211 1,953 1,510 81 2,010 574 23,011

2006 8,540 7,517 1,901 1,520 79 2,152 684 22,393

2007 9,512 8,600 2,202 1,474 76 2,155 832 24,851

2008 9,167 8,842 1,963 1,475 75 2,112 818 24,452

2009 8,634 8,766 1,291 2,506 30 2,120 799 24,146

2010 8,388 9,560 478 2,920 19 2,380 657 24,402

2011 8,712 8,155 414 2,892 19 2,553 1,178 23,923

2012 9,410 10,843 768 2,892 38 2,521 743 27,215

2013 9,568 12,656 329 2,946 31 2,998 662 29,190

2014 10,161 12,705 246 2,632 23 3,158 592 29,517

2015 9,377 12,804 498 2,261 4 3,134 621 28,699

2016 9,254 13,411 513 3,497 5 3,019 650 30,348

2017 9,388 13,437 579 3,514 5 3,220 719 30,862

2018 9,756 13,041 387 3,309 6 3,121 789 30,409

2019 10,583 13,811 446 3,017 12 3,261 705 31,835

2020 8,516 11,188 338 3,423 32 1,199 613 25,309

2021 8,800 10,529 342 2,637 59 985 552 23,905

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 29 : Selected Energy and Economic Indicators (2000-2021)

Average Annual Growth (%)

Electricity Consumption
Primary Energy Supply
GDP at Current Prices

Consumption (GWh)
Consumption (ktoe)

Consumption (ktoe)

GDP at 2015 Prices

GDP at 2015 Prices

Primary Energy
(‘000 people)*
(RM Million)*

(RM Million)*

Supply (ktoe)

Consumption
Final Energy
Final Energy
Population

Electricity

Electricity
2000 370,817 579,073 23,495 49,697 29,699 5,263 61,168 8.86 14.21 9.08 9.30

2001 366,841 582,071 24,031 50,899 31,515 5,594 65,015 0.52 2.42 6.11 6.29

2002 398,714 613,450 24,543 52,323 33,289 5,922 68,827 5.39 2.80 5.63 5.86

2003 435,708 648,960 25,038 56,944 34,586 6,313 73,371 5.79 8.83 3.90 6.60

2004 493,223 692,981 25,542 62,008 37,323 6,642 77,195 6.78 8.89 7.91 5.21

2005 543,578 729,932 26,046 65,344 38,285 6,944 80,705 5.33 5.38 2.58 4.55

2006 596,784 770,698 26,550 66,009 38,567 7,272 84,517 5.58 1.02 0.74 4.72

2007 665,340 819,242 27,058 71,426 41,606 7,683 89,294 6.30 8.21 7.88 5.65

2008 769,949 858,826 27,568 74,709 41,968 7,986 92,815 4.83 4.60 0.87 3.94

2009 712,857 845,828 28,082 73,530 40,845 8,286 96,302 (1.51) (1.58) (2.68) 3.76

2010 821,434 908,629 28,589 75,772 41,476 8,993 104,519 7.42 3.05 1.54 8.53

2011 911,733 956,731 29,062 78,095 43,455 9,235 107,331 5.29 3.07 4.77 2.69

2012 971,252 1,009,097 29,510 85,124 49,291 10,011 116,350 5.47 9.00 13.43 8.40

2013 1,018,614 1,056,462 30,214 89,046 51,583 10,590 123,079 4.69 4.61 4.65 5.78

2014 1,106,443 1,119,920 30,709 90,691 52,209 11,042 128,333 6.01 1.85 1.21 4.27

2015 1,176,941 1,176,941 31,186 90,441 51,829 11,397 132,464 5.09 (0.28) (0.73) 3.22

2016 1,249,698 1,229,312 31,634 93,747 57,219 12,394 144,042 4.45 3.66 10.40 8.74

2017 1,372,310 1,300,769 32,023 94,345 62,489 12,607 146,521 5.81 0.64 9.21 1.72

2018 1,447,760 1,363,766 32,382 95,909 64,658 13,153 152,867 4.84 1.66 3.47 4.33

2019 1,512,738 1,423,952 32,523 98,681 66,483 13,647 158,608 4.41 2.89 2.82 3.76

2020 1,418,000 1,345,144 32,584 94,194 57,169 13,100 152,250 (5.53) (4.55) (14.01) (4.01)

2021 1,548,898 1,390,644 32,576 94,401 57,250 13,311 154,705 3.38 0.22 0.14 1.61

Source (*): GDP and Population data is from the Department of Statistics Malaysia
Note: GDP at 2015 Prices (RM Million) for 2000 until 2014 was calculated by the Energy Commission
 Per Capita Energy Intensity Energy Elasticity

(toe/GDP at 2015 Prices

Electricity Consumption

Electricity Consumption
Supply (toe) per Capita

Elecricity Consumption

Consumption (toe/GDP
Primary Energy Supply
Prices (RM) per Capita

Prices (RM Million))

Prices (RM Million))

(GWh/GDP at 2015
Consumption (toe)

(toe/GDP at 2015
(kWh) per Capita
Primary Energy
GDP at Current

at 2015 Prices
(RM Million))

(RM Million))
Final Energy
Final Energy

Final Energy
per Capita

Electricity
15,783 2.12 1.26 2,603 85.82 51.29 9.09 0.106 1.02 1.05

15,265 2.12 1.31 2,705 87.44 54.14 9.61 0.112 11.81 12.15

16,246 2.13 1.36 2,804 85.29 54.27 9.65 0.112 1.04 1.09

17,402 2.27 1.38 2,930 87.75 53.29 9.73 0.113 0.67 1.14

19,310 2.43 1.46 3,022 89.48 53.86 9.58 0.111 1.17 0.77

20,870 2.51 1.47 3,099 89.52 52.45 9.51 0.111 0.48 0.85

22,478 2.49 1.45 3,183 85.65 50.04 9.44 0.110 0.13 0.85

24,589 2.64 1.54 3,300 87.19 50.79 9.38 0.109 1.25 0.90

27,929 2.71 1.52 3,367 86.99 48.87 9.30 0.108 0.18 0.82

25,385 2.62 1.45 3,429 86.93 48.29 9.80 0.114 1.77 (2.48)

28,733 2.65 1.45 3,656 83.39 45.65 9.90 0.115 0.21 1.15

31,372 2.69 1.50 3,693 81.63 45.42 9.65 0.112 0.90 0.51

32,913 2.88 1.67 3,943 84.36 48.85 9.92 0.115 2.45 1.54

33,713 2.95 1.71 4,074 84.29 48.83 10.02 0.117 0.99 1.23

36,031 2.95 1.70 4,179 80.98 46.62 9.86 0.115 0.20 0.71

37,739 2.90 1.66 4,248 76.84 44.04 9.68 0.113 (0.14) 0.63

39,505 2.96 1.81 4,553 76.26 46.55 10.08 0.117 2.34 1.96

42,854 2.95 1.95 4,576 72.53 48.04 9.69 0.113 1.58 0.30

44,708 2.96 2.00 4,721 70.33 47.41 9.64 0.112 0.72 0.89

46,513 3.03 2.04 4,877 69.30 46.69 9.58 0.111 0.64 0.85

43,518 2.89 1.75 4,673 70.03 42.50 9.74 0.113 2.53 0.72

47,547 2.90 1.76 4,749 67.88 41.17 9.57 0.111 0.04 0.48

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 30 : Energy Balance Table in 2021 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Energy Balance for Malaysia 2021 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Petroleum

Crude Oil (1/)

Natural Gas

Others (2/)

Petroleum
Products
Energy Source

Fuel Oil
Diesel
Petrol
Total
LNG

LPG
Primary Supply
1. Primary Production 75,819 0 25,389 0 0 0 0 0 0
2. Gas Flaring,
Reinjection & Use -13,202 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3. Imports 6,049 1,996 6,557 92 18,329 11,133 5,704 26 354

4. Exports -1,569 -26,798 -8,885 -58 -19,260 -7,802 -5,330 -588 -798
5. Bunkers 0 0 0 0 -654 0 -106 -549 0
6. Stock Change 0 0 784 0 2,969 464 2,425 19 96
7. Statistical Discrepancy 0 0 68 0 0 0 0 0 0
8. Primary Supply 67,098 -24,802 23,913 34 1,385 3,795 2,693 -1,092 -349
Transformation
9. Gas Plants
9.1 Liquefaction (3/) -36,283 26,798 0 0 101 0 0 0 101
9.2 Regasification (4/) 1,996 -1,996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9.3 Gas-to-Liquid (5/) -2,715 0 0 0 1,681 0 118 0 1,212
Subtotal -37,002 24,802 0 0 1,782 0 118 0 1,313
10. Refineries 0 0 -23,897 -34 21,483 6,760 6,157 1,497 1,755
11. Power Stations
& Self-Generation
11.1 Hydro Stations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11.2 Themal Stations -9,936 0 0 0 -244 0 -236 -8 0
11.3 Self-Generation (6/) -1,185 0 0 0 -37 0 -37 0 0
Subtotal -11,122 0 0 0 -281 0 -273 -8 0
12. Losses & Own Use -1,159 0 -16 0 -475 0 0 -18 0
13. Statistical Discrepancy -1 0 0 0 10 -26 104 -36 -83
14. Secondary Supply -49,283 24,802 -23,913 -34 22,520 6,734 6,107 1,435 2,986
Final Use
15. Residential 1 0 0 0 993 0 0 0 990
16. Commercial 11 0 0 0 461 0 149 33 279
17. Industry 8,663 0 0 0 2,498 93 1,883 309 156
18. Transport 35 0 0 0 17,203 10,379 5,839 0 0
19. Agriculture 0 0 0 0 371 0 371 0 0
20. Fishery 0 0 0 0 615 57 558 0 0
21. Non-Energy Use 9,105 0 0 0 1,764 0 0 0 1,212
22. Total Final Use 17,815 0 0 0 23,905 10,529 8,800 342 2,637
Electricity Output
Main Activity Producer
Gross Electricity 52,976 0 0 0 807 0 807 0 0
Generation-GWh
Autoproducer
Gross Electricity 5,443 0 0 0 168 0 168 0 0
Generation-GWh

1. Crude production includes Condensates comprising Pentane and Heavier Hydrocarbons.

2. Others Refer to Non-Crude Energy Forms (consist of Imported Light Diesel, Slop Reprocess, Crude Residuum & Middle East Residue) Which are Used as Refinary Intake.
3. Report quantities of natural gas used for liquefaction to LNG and the amount of LNG produced.
4. Report quantities of LNG used for vaporization to natural gas and the amount of natural gas produced.
5. Gas-to-liquid is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid hydrocarbons such as petroleum products.
6. Estimated figures based from the Energy Commission, Statistics of Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia 2021.
Note: Total may not necessarily add up due to rounding
Products

Hydro Power
Coal & Coke

Electricity
Biodiesel
Kerosene

ATF & AV

Biomass
Refinery
Energy

Biogas

Total
Solar
Non-

Gas
Gas

0 0 0 0 1,961 2,676 186 150 99 1,001 0 107,281

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -13,202

3 434 676 0 20,355 0 0 0 0 0 3 53,381

-42 -1,536 -3,163 0 -0 0 0 0 0 -246 -84 -56,899
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -654
8 -222 180 0 566 0 0 0 0 71 0 4,390
0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 103
-30 -1,325 -2,307 0 22,917 2,676 186 150 99 827 -81 94,401

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -9,384
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
42 0 308 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1,034
42 0 308 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10,418
10 2,386 2,762 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,448

0 0 0 0 0 -2,676 0 0 0 0 2,676 0
0 0 0 0 -21,525 0 -183 -35 -96 0 12,152 -19,867
0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 -115 -3 0 537 -806
0 0 0 0 -21,525 -2,676 -186 -150 -99 0 15,365 -20,673
0 0 -301 -155 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1,567 -3,217
37 -75 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -406 -396
89 2,311 2,859 0 -21,525 -2,676 -186 -150 -99 0 13,392 -37,151

3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,174 4,168
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,443 3,916
56 0 0 0 1,392 0 0 0 0 0 6,604 19,157
0 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 827 30 18,095
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 430
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 615
0 0 552 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,869
59 985 552 0 1,392 0 0 0 0 827 13,311 57,250

0 0 0 0 84,730 31,101 2,126 160 440 0 0 172,341

0 0 0 0 0 4 13 596 14 0 0 6,239

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Table 31 : Energy Balance Table in 2021 (Petajoules)
Energy Balance for Malaysia 2021 (Petajoules)
Petroleum

Crude Oil (1/)

Natural Gas

Others (2/)

Petroleum
Energy Source

Products

Fuel Oil
Petrol

Diesel
Total
LNG

LPG
Primary Supply
1. Primary Production 3,172.3 0.0 1,062.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Gas Flaring,
Reinjection & Use -552.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3. Imports 253.1 83.5 274.4 3.8 766.9 465.8 238.7 1.1 14.8
4. Exports -65.6 -1,121.2 -371.8 -2.4 -805.8 -326.4 -223.0 -24.6 -33.4
5. Bunkers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -27.4 0.0 -4.4 -22.9 0.0
6. Stock Change 0.0 0.0 32.8 0.0 124.2 19.4 101.4 0.8 4.0
7. Statistical Discrepancy 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8. Primary Supply 2,807.4 -1,037.7 1,000.5 1.4 57.9 158.8 112.7 -45.7 -14.6
Transformation
9. Gas Plants
9.1 Liquefaction (3/) -1,518.1 1,121.2 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2
9.2 Regasification (4/) 83.5 -83.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.3 Gas-to-Liquid (5/) -113.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.3 0.0 5.0 0.0 50.7
Subtotal -1,548.2 1,037.7 0.0 0.0 74.6 0.0 5.0 0.0 54.9
10. Refineries 0.0 0.0 -999.9 -1.4 898.9 282.8 257.6 62.6 73.4
11. Power Stations
& Self-Generation
11.1 Hydro Stations 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
11.2 Themal Stations -415.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 -10.2 0.0 -9.9 -0.3 0.0
11.3 Self-Generation (6/) -49.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.5 0.0 -1.5 0.0 0.0
Subtotal -465.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 -11.8 0.0 -11.4 -0.3 0.0
12. Losses & Own Use -48.5 0.0 -0.7 0.0 -19.9 0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.0
13. Statistical Discrepancy 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 -1.1 4.4 -1.5 -3.5
14. Secondary Supply -2,062.0 1,037.7 -1,000.5 -1.4 942.2 281.7 255.5 60.0 124.9
Final Use
15. Residential 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.4
16. Commercial 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.3 0.0 6.2 1.4 11.7
17. Industry 362.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 104.5 3.9 78.8 12.9 6.5
18. Transport 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 719.8 434.2 244.3 0.0 0.0
19. Agriculture 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.5 0.0 15.5 0.0 0.0
20. Fishery 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.7 2.4 23.4 0.0 0.0
21. Non-Energy Use 381.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.7
22. Total Final Use 745.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000.2 440.5 368.2 14.3 110.3
Electrcity Output
Main Activity Producer
Gross Electricity 52,976.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 807.1 0.0 807.1 0.0 0.0
Generation-GWh
Autoproducer
Gross Electricity 5,442.8 0.0 0.0 168.1 0.0 168.1 0.0 0.0
Generation-GWh 0.0

1. Crude production includes Condensates comprising Pentane and Heavier Hydrocarbons.

2. Others Refer to Non-Crude Energy Forms (consist of Imported Light Diesel, Slop Reprocess, Crude Residuum & Middle East Residue) Which are Used as Refinary Intake.
3. Report quantities of natural gas used for liquefaction to LNG and the amount of LNG produced.
4. Report quantities of LNG used for vaporization to natural gas and the amount of natural gas produced.
5. Gas-to-liquid is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into liquid hydrocarbons such as petroleum products.
6. Estimated figures based from the Energy Commission, Statistics of Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia 2021.
Note: Total may not necessarily add up due to rounding
 Products

Hydro Power
Coal & Coke

Electricity
Kerosene

Biodiesel
ATF & AV

Refinery

Biomass
Energy

Biogas
Solar

Total
Non-
Gas

Gas
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.0 112.0 7.8 6.3 4.1 41.9 0.0 4,488.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -552.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.1 18.1 28.3 0.0 851.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2,233.5
-1.7 -64.3 -132.3 0.0 -0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -10.3 -3.5 -2,380.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -27.4
0.4 -9.3 7.5 0.0 23.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 183.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3
-1.3 -55.4 -96.5 0.0 958.8 112.0 7.8 6.3 4.1 34.6 -3.4 3,949.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -392.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.8 0.0 12.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -43.3
1.8 0.0 12.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -435.9
0.4 99.8 115.6 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -102.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -112.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -900.6 0.0 -7.7 -1.5 -4.0 0.0 508.5 -831.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -4.8 -0.1 0.0 22.5 -33.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -900.6 -112.0 -7.8 -6.3 -4.1 0.0 642.9 -865.0
0.0 0.0 -12.6 -6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -65.6 -134.6
1.5 -3.2 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -17.0 -16.6
3.7 96.7 119.6 0.0 -900.6 -112.0 -7.8 -6.3 -4.1 0.0 560.3 -1,554.4

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 132.8 174.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144.1 163.8
2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 276.3 801.5
0.0 41.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.6 1.3 757.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 18.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.7
0.0 0.0 23.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 454.8
2.5 41.2 23.1 0.0 58.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.6 556.9 2,395.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,729.8 31,101.0 2,126.2 160.4 440.1 0.0 0.0 172,340.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 13,4 596.4 14.5 0.0 0.0 6,239.4

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Energy
Flow
Chart

NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 2021

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
Energy Flow Chart
All units in the Energy Flow Chart are in ktoe

PRIMARY SUPPLY TRANSFORMATION

Primary Supply* (94,401) Gas Plant Input
Crude Oil Petroleum Products & Others
Liquefaction
23,913 1,338

25.3% 1.4% 36,283

Natural Gas Coal & Coke Gas to Liquid

42,296 22,917

44.8% 24.3% 2,715

Hydropower Renewables
Regasification
2,676 1,261

2.8% 1.3% 1,996

Primary Production (107,281)

Crude Oil Natural Gas

25,389 75,819

23.7% 70.7%

Coal & Coke Hydropower

Local
1,961 2,676

1.8% 2.5% 17,828

Renewables Import
1,436

1.3% 6,069

Imports (53,381)

Crude Oil & Others Natural Gas & LNG

6,652 8,045

12.5% 15.1%

Petroleum Products Coal & Coke Power Stations & Self Generation Input
18,329 20,355

34.3% 38.1% Natural Gas Coal & Coke

11,122 21,525
Exports (56,899)
Diesel Hydro

Crude Oil & Others Natural Gas

9,027 1,569
273 2,676
15.9% 2.8%
Fuel Oil Renewables

Petroleum Products Coal & Coke

19,260 0
8 435
33.8% 0.0%

LNG Renewables
26,798 246

47.1% 0.4%

Note*: Primary Supply = Primary Production - Flaring + Imports - Exports - Bunkers (+-) Stock Exchange (+-) Statistical Discrepancy
 FINAL USE
Gas Plant Output

LNG Kerosene

26,798 42

Natural gas Non-Energy

1,996 308

Diesel LPG

Final Use by Sector (57,250)

118 1,313 Residential Commercial
4,168 3,916

7.3% 6.8%

Industry Transport
19,157 18,095
Petrol Kerosene
33.5% 31.6%

6,760 10 Agriculture Fishery

430 615
Diesel ATF & AV Gas
0.8% 1.1%

6,157 2,386 Non-Energy Use

10,869
Fuel Oil Non-Energy
19.0%

1,497 2,762

LPG Refinery Gas

Final Use by Fuel (57,250)

1,755 155
Natural Gas Coal & Coke
17,815 1,392

2.4%
Power Stations & Self Generation Output 31.1%

Petroleum Products Electricity

24,731 13,311
Thermal

43.2% 23.3%
12,152

Self-Generation

537

Hydro

2,676

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Notes On Energy Balance

The net calorific value (NCV) was chosen as the basis of calculations rather than the gross calorific value (GcV). THe Joule was
used as the rigorousaccountingunit, while the “tonnes oil equivalent” ( toe+ 41.84 Gigajoules)was chosen as the final unit
for persentation in the Energy Balance.

Energy Balance Format

The rows of the Energy Balance tables contain the following items:
Primary Supply refers to supply of energy that has not undergone the transformations / conversion
process within the country
Primary Production (1) refers to the quantity of fuels extracted. Data for natural gas excludes the amount
of reinjected and flared gas. Gross production of hydro is shown in conventional
fuel equivalent input.
Gas Flaring, Reinjection & Use (2) refers to the quantity of gas flared, reinjected into the gas fields and use for
production purpose.
Imports (3) and Exports (4) refer to the amount of primary and secondary energy obtained from or supplied to
other countries. In the energy balance format, imports always carry a positive and
export a negative sign.
Bunkers (5) refer to the amount of fuels delivered to ocean-going ships of all flags engaged in
international traffic.
Stock Change (6) refers to the difference between the amounts of fuel in stocks at the beginning
and end of year and should ideally cover producers, importers and Industry
consumers. At this stage, however, only oil companies’ stock are taken into ac-
count. A negative sign indicates net increase while a positive sign indicates net
decrease in stocks.
Total under primary supply, ‘total’ is the addition of columns to obtain total availability. Under
transformation, ‘total’ is the addition of columns to obtain transformation and conver-
sion losses.
Gas Plants (9) shows the input of natural gas into the Liquefaction, Regasification and Gas-to-Liquid
plants and their respective outputs.
Refineries (10), power stations and show the input of any energy product (negative sign) for the purpose of converting it to
Co-generation & Private licensees (11) one or more secondary products (positive sign).
Losses and Own Use (12) refers to losses of electrical energy and natural gas which occur outside the utilities and
plants (i.e. distribution losses) and the consumption of energy by utilities and plants
for operating their installation (i.e. electricity for operating auxiliary equipment and
petroleum products used in the crude distillation process respectively). It does not,
however, include conversion loss that is accounted for in the ‘total’ column.
Secondary Supply (14) refers to the supply of energy from the transformation process and after deducting the
energy sector’s own use and losses, including power station use.
Residential and Commercial (15 & 16) not only refers to energy used within households and commercial establishments but
includes Government buildings and institutions
Industry (17) is a very broad-based sector ranging from manufacturing to mining and construction.
Diesel sales through distributors are assumed to be to Industry consumers.
Transport (18) basically refers to all sales of motor gasoline and diesel from service stations and sales
of aviation fuel. It also includes diesel and motor gasoline sold directly to the
Government and military.
Agriculture (19) covers agriculture and forestry.
Fishery (20) may involve the capture of wild fish or raising fish through fish farming or aquaculture.
Non-Energy Use (21) use of products resulting from the transformation process for non-energy purpose
(i.e. bitumen/lubricants, asphalt/greases) and use of energy products (such as nat-
ural gas) as Industry feedstocks
Final use (22) refer to the quantity of energy of all kinds delivered to the final user.

I) Non-commercial energy such as firewood and other biomass fuels have been excluded in the energy balance until more reliable data are made available.
II) The output side of the final user’s equipment of device i.e. useful energy will not be dealt with in the balance as it will involve assessing the efficiencies of
end - use equipment operating under various different conditions.
 Notes On Electricity
Reserve Margin Total capacity margin is defined as the amount of installed generation available
over and above system peak load
Reserve Margin = Installed Capacity – Peak Demand
Peak Demand

Peak Demand The maximum power consumption registered by a customer or a group of

customers or a system in a stated period of time such as a month or a year. The
value may be the maximum instantaneous load or more usually, the average load
over a designated interval of time, such as half an hour and is normally stated in
kilowatts or megawatts

Installed Capacity Installed capacity is defined as the maximum possible capacity (nameplate rating)
that can be provided by the plant.

Dependable Capacity The maximum capacity, modified for ambient limitations for a specified period of
time, such as a month or a season.

Available Capacity Available capacity refers to the Latest Tested Net Capacity. It is the dependable
capacity, modified for equipment limitation at any time.

Unit Generated (Gross Generation) The total amount of electric energy produced by generating units and measured at the
generating terminal in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt hours (MWh)

Unit Sent Out From Station(s) The amount of gross generation less the electrical energy consumed at the generating
(Net Generation) station(s) for station service or auxiliaries.

Notes On Coal
Measured Resources Refers to coal for which estimates of the rank and quantity have been computed
to a high degree of geologic assurance, from sample analyses and measurements
from closely spaced and geologically well-known sample sites.

Indicated Resources Refers to coal for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been
computed to a moderate degree of geologic assurance, partly from sample
analyses and measurements and partly from reasonable geologic projections.

Inferred Resources Refers to coal of a low degree of geologic assurance in unexplored extensions
of demonstrated resources for which estimates of the quality and size are based
on geologic evidence and projection. Quantitative estimates are based on broad
knowledge of the geologic character of the bed or region where few
measurements or sampling points are available and on assumed continuation from
demonstrated coal for which there is geologic evidence

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Notes On GDP
GDP Definition GDP can be measured by using three approaches namely Production, Expenditure
and Income Approach. Conceptually, GDP by these three approaches produce the
same results.

Production Approach GDP based on Production Approach is defined as value of total production of
goods and services produced in the economy after deducting value of intermediate
consumption. This approach is also known as value added approach.

Expenditure Approach GDP based on Expenditure Approach is the summation of Private Final
Consumption, Government Final Consumption, Gross Fixed Capital Formation,
Changes in Inventories and Valuables, Exports of goods and services minus
Imports of goods and services. This approach measures value of goods and services
used by final users on goods and services produced by resident.

Income Approach GDP based on Income Approach is the summation of all incomes accruing the pro-
duction in economy. Thus, this method enables factors of income and the return to
factors of production to be measured by economic activity. The income
components are Compensation of Employees, Gross Operating Surplus and Taxes
Less Subsidies on Production and Imports.

GDP by Income Approach is calculated as follows:

GDP by Income Approach = CE + GOS + (T - S)

where;
CE - Compensation of Employees
GOS - Gross Operating Surplus
(T - S) - Taxes Less Subsidies on Production and Imports

Notes On GNI
Definition The Gross national income (GNI) consists of: the personal consumption
expenditure, the gross private investment, the Government consumption
expenditures, the net income from assets abroad (net income receipts), and the
gross exports of goods and services, after deducting two components: the gross
imports of goods and services, and the indirect business taxes. The GNI is similar
to the gross national product (GNP), except that in measuring the GNP one does
not deduct the indirect business taxes.

Measuring GNI As GNI is an add up of Net Income from abroad and the GDP, one can calculate
the GNI by the following formula:

GNI = GDP + (FL – DL) + NCI

When FL and DL are respectively the foreign and domestic income from labor, and
NCI the net capital inflow. For example, if a country A's nominal GDP is $20,000,
the domestic income from labor $3,000 and the foreign income from labor $5,000,
and the country received a $10,000 donation from another country's charity
organization, the GNI of country A would be $32,000.
 Conversion Coefficients and Equivalence
TJ/1000 Tonnes’
Hard coal 29.3076 Lignite/brown coal 11.2834
Coke/oven coke 26.3768 Peat 9.525
Gas coke 26.3768 Charcoal 28.8888
Brown coal coke 19.6361 Fuelwood 2 13.4734
Pattern fuel briquettes 29.3076 Lignite briquettes 19.6361

Natural Gas Products (TJ/1000 Tonnes)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 45.1923 Natural Gas 1TJ/ million scf
0.9479 mmbtu/GJ
Butane 50.393 Ethane 1,067.82 GJ/mscf

Propane 49.473 Methane 1,131.31 GJ/mscf

Electricity
Electricity 3.6 TJ/GWh

Petroleum Products (TJ/1000 Tonnes)

Crude Petroleum (imported) 42.6133 Gas Oil/Diesel 42.4960
Crude Petroleum (domestic) 43.3000 Residual Fuel Oil 41.4996
Plant Condensate 44.3131 Naphtha 44.1289
Aviation Gasoline (AV GAS) 43.9614 White/Industry Spirit 43.2078
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 45.5440 Lubricants 42.1401
Petrol 43.9614 Bitumen (Asphalt) 41.8000
Natural Gas 44.8992 Petroleum Waxes 43.3334

Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) 43.1994 Petroleum Coke 36.4000

Kerosene 43.1994 Other Petroleum Products 42.4960

1,000 Tonnes Oil Equivalent (toe) = 41.84 TJ

Notes: 1. Unless otherwise indicated
2. Assuming 9.7 TJ/1000 cu m

Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Barrels to Tonnes)

Product Barrels/tonne
Crude Oil - Import 7.33
- Local 7.60
Petrol 8.55
Diesel 7.50
Fuel Oil 6.60
Kerosene 7.90
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 11.76
Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) 7.91

Aviation Gasoline (AV GAS) 9.05

Non-Energy 6.50

N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .
 Definition
The sources of energy covered in the Energy Balances are as below:

Natural Gas Is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons (mainly methane), which occur in either gas
fields or in association with crude oil in oil fields.

LNG Is natural gas that is liquefied for ocean transportation and export

Crude Oil Is natural product that is extracted from mineral deposits and consists essentially
of many different non-aromatic hydrocarbons (paraffinic, cyclonic, etc.)
Aviation Gasoline (AV GAS) Is a special blended grade of gasoline for use in aircraft engines of the piston type.
Distillation range normally falls within 30oC and 200oC.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Commercial LPG consists essentially of a mixture of propane and butane gases
which are held in the liquid state by pressure or refrigeration.

Petrol Petroleum distillate used as fuel in spark- ignition internal combustion engines.
Distillation range is within 30oC and 250oC.

Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) Fuel for use in aviation gas turbines mainly refined from kerosene. Distillation range
within 150oC and 250oC.

Kerosene Is a straight-run fraction from crude oil, with boiling range from150oC to 250oC. Its
main uses are for domestic lighting and cooking.

Diesel (or Gas Oil) Distillation falls within 200C to 340C. Diesel fuels for high-speed diesel engines (i.e.
automotive) are more critical of fuel quality than diesel for stationary and marine diesel
engines. Marine oil usually consists of a blend of diesel oil and some residual (asphaltic)
material.

Fuel Oil Heavy distillates, residues or blends of these, used as fuel for production of heat and
power. Fuel oil production at the refinery is essentially a matter of selective blending of
available components rather than of special processing. Fuel oil viscosities vary widely
depending on the blend of distillates and residues..

Non-Energy Products Refer mainly to naphtha bitumen and lubricants, which are obtained by the refinery
process from petroleum but used for non-energy purposes. Naphtha is a refined or
party refined light distillate, which is further, blended into motor gasoline or used as
feed-stock in the chemical industry. Bitumen is a viscous liquid or solid, non-volatile and
possesses waterproofing and adhesive properties. Lubricating oil is used for lubricating
purposes and has distillation range within 380oC to 500oC.
Refinery Gas The gas released during the distillation of crude oil and comprises methane, ethane,
propane and butane. Most refinery gas is retained in the refinery and used as fuel in
plant operations.

Coal and Coke) Solid fuels consisting essentially of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen sulphur. Coal in the
energy balances is mainly bituminous coal (medium grade in terms of energy content)
and some anthracite (high quality hard coal). Coke is obtained from coal by heating at
high temperature in the absence of air.

Hydropower Is the inferred primary energy available for electricity production and is shown in terms
of conventional fossil fuel equivalent using the average thermal efficiency of conversion
for the year, i.e. the hypothetical amount of fossil fuel, which would be needed to
produce the same amount of electricity in existing thermal power plants.

Electricity Production Production of electricity refers to production from public utilities as well as independent
power producers (IPPs) and private installations & co-generation plants which obtain
licenses from the Electricity Supply and Market Regulation Department. Figures for
‘fuel input’ into power stations & co-generation plants were only available for TNB, SEB,
SESB, IPPs as well as GDC Sdn Bhd. Estimates were made using average conversion
efficiency to obtain the fuel input into private installations.
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N A T I O N A L E N E R G Y B A L A N C E 2 0 2 1 .