EFFECTS OF DYE ON DIFFERENT
TYPES OF FABRIC
NAME: Hadiqua Faiyaz
CLASS: XII
SECTION: A
ROLL NUMBER: 12
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Hadiqua Faiyaz,
(____________) student of class XII
Science has successfully completed the
project titled Effects of dye on different
types of fabrics under the guidance of
Ms. Ritwika Banerjee (Chemistry
Teacher) during the academic year 2020-
21 in practical fulfillment of Chemistry
Practical Examination conducted by CBSE
for AISSCE.
Signature of Signature of
External Examiner Chemistry Teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully,
many people have best owned upon me their
blessings and the heart pledged support, this time I
am utilizing to thank all the people who have been
concerned with project. I would like to thank our
Principal Ms. Apala Dutta, Science H.O.D.
Ms. Shelley Ganguly and our Chemistry
Teacher Ms. Ritwika Banerjee whose
valuable guidance has been the one that
helped me patch this project and make it
full proof success, her suggestions and
instruction has served as the major
contributor towards the completion of
the project.
Then, I would like to thank my parents and
friends who have helped me, with their valuable
suggestions and guidance has been helpful in
various phases of the completion of the project.
Sl No. Content
1 INTRODUCTION
2 TYPES OF DYE
3 AIM
4 APPARATUS
5 CHEMICALS REQUIRED
6 THEORY
7 PROCEDURE
8 OBSERVATIONS
9 PRECAUTIONS
10 USES
11 CONCLUSION
12 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dyeing is the process of adding colour to textile products like
fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Dyeing is normally done in a special
solution
containing dyes and particular
chemical material. After dyeing,
dye molecules have uncut
chemical bond with fiber molecules.
The temperature and time controlling are two key factors in
dyeing.
There are mainly two classes of dye. Since the mid-19th
century, however, humans have produced artificial dyes to
achieve a broader range of colors. Different classes of dyes are
used for different types of fiber and at
different stages of the textile production
process, from loose fibers through
yarn and cloth to complete garments.
Acrylic fibers are dyed with basic dyes.
Nylon and Protein fibers such as Wool and Silk are dyed with
acid dyes Polyester yarn is dyed with disperse dyes. Cotton is
dyed with a range of dye types, including vat dyes, and modern
synthetic reactive and direct dyes.
The dyes are classified by dye manufacturers for marketing into
the following types:
1. Acid dyes: These are azo dyes and are
characterized by the presence of acidic
groups.They are chiefly used for dyeing wool,
Silk and nylon.
2. Basic dyes: These dyes contain NH 2 or NR 2 .
For example, aniline yellow, butter yellow.
3. Direct dyes:These are also azo dyes and are
used to dye fabrics directly by placing in
aqueous solution of the dye.
4. Disperse dyes:These dyes are applied
in the form of dispersion of minute particles
of the dye in a soap solution in the presence
Of phenol or benzoic acid.
5. Vat dyes: These dyes are water insoluble
and before dyeing these are reduced to
colorless compounds in wooden vats by
alkaline reducing agents
To dye wool and cotton with
malachite green.
◉ 500 ml beakers ◉ glass rod
◉ tripod stand ◉spatula
◉ wire gauze ◉wool cloth
◉ cotton cloth
◉ Sodium carbonate ◉tannic acid
◉ Tartar emetic acid
◉ malachite green dye
◉ Cotton fibres show good durability and utility. It is a stable
material, stays undamaged even in the conditions of high
exposure of weak acids and alkalis. It has high water absorbing
capacity. Cotton fabrics are easy to dye,
◉ Woolen fibres are high moisture absorbers. They take up
moisture in vapour form. It generates heat when it absorbs
moisture. Each wool fibre is a molecular coil-spring. They have
highly durability.
◉ Malachite Green is an organic compound that is used as a
dyestuff and controversially as an antimicrobial in aquaculture.
Malachite green is traditionally used as a dye for materials such
as silk, leather, and paper.
Chemical formula: [C6H5C(C6H4N(CH3)2)2]Cl
Common Name: Triarylmethane dye.
Structure:
Preparation of sodium carbonate solution: Take about
0.5 g of solid sodium carbonate and dissolve it in 250 ml of
water.
Preparation of tartar emetic solution:Take about 0.2 g
of tartar emetic and dissolve it in 100 ml of water by stirring
with the help of glass rod.
Preparation of tannic acid solution: Take 100 ml of
water in a beaker and add about 1.0 g of tannic acid to it. Heat
it. A clear solution of tannic acid is obtained.
Preparation of dye solution: Take about 0.1 g of malachite
green dye and add to it 4oo ml of water. On warming a clear
solution of the dye results.
Dyeing of wool: Take about 200 ml
of dye solution and dip it in the
woolen cloth to be dyed. Boil
the solution for about 2 minutes
and remove the cloth and wash it with hot water, squeeze and
keep it for drying.
Dyeing of cotton: For dyeing a
cotton cloth dip it in sodium
carbonate solution for about
10 minutes and then rinse
with water. Put the cloth in hot
tannic acid solution for about 5 minutes.
Take out the cloth from tannic acid
solution and keep it in tartar emetic solution for about 5
minutes. Remove the cloth and squeeze it with spatula. Now
place the cloth in boiling solution of the dye for about 2
minutes. Remove and wash the dyed cloth thoroughly with
water, squeeze and keep it for drying.
Dyeing of cotton directly: Take
another piece of cotton cloth
and pit it directly into boiling
solution of the dye. Keep it dipped
for about 2 minutes. Remove the
cloth, wash with water, squeeze
and keep it for drying. Compare the color of this cloth with
that dyed by using mordant.
◉ The color of wool cloth
dyed directly by dipping in
hot solution of malachite
green dye is fast.
◉ The color of cotton dyed
cloth directly (without using
mordant) by dipping in hot
solution of malachite green
is not so fast to washing and is of low intensity.
◉ The color of cotton cloth
dyed indirectly by using
mordant and then by dipping
in hot solution of malachite
green is fast to washing and is of high intensity.
SOME OF THE PRECAUTIONS NEEDED TO BE TAKEN CARE OF
ARE:-
◉ Let the Malachite Green solution boil properly for about 8-
10 minutes to get better results.
◉While dyeing cotton directly, let the cotton cloth be present
in the dye for more than or equal to 2 minutes but not less.
◉ Using of solutions such as tartar emetic solution, tannic acid
solution must be eminent.
◉ Usage of gloves is preferable to ensure tidiness.
SOME USES OF DIFFERENT DYES ARE:-
◉ Natural dyes find use in the colouration of textiles,
foods, drugs, and cosmetics.
◉Vat dyes are widely used for colouring cellulosic
fibre, especially cotton fibre along with viscose rayon,
leather and other fibres.
◉ Basic dyes can be ionized into colored cations when
dissolved in water, and can be applied to protein fibers
such as wool and silk.
USES
DYE FABRIC RESULT
Malachite green Wool Fast to wash
Malachite green Cotton Not for washing
Low intensity
Sodium Carbonate Cotton Fast to wash
solution, Tartar High instensity
metric solution,
Tanic acid solution
and Malachite
green
The table above clearly
shows the variation in
results by using various
mordant dyes (indirect
dyeing) or by using only
Malachite green
(directs dyeing).This gives the conclusion to the
experiment "Dyeing of wool and cotton cloths with
malachite green."
◉ CBSE lab manual
◉ NCERT XII Chemistry
◉Comprehensive Chemistry
Lab Manual, Dr. N. K. Verma
◉ www.google.com
◉ www.wikipedia.com
◉ www.scribd.com
◉ www.icbse.com
◉ www.unacademia.edu
◉ www.chemstudy.com
◉ www.archive.org
