Answer the questions on the text:
Classes 9-10. Social interaction.
1) In what way do people design rules, institutions, and systems?
People design rules, institutions, and systems through social interactions, where
they establish shared norms and structures that shape how they live together.
2) What do we call social interaction?
Social interaction is an exchange between two or more individuals, forming the
basis of society.
3) What are the main categories social interaction include?
The main categories of social interaction are exchange, competition, cooperation,
conflict, and accommodation.
4) What kind of social behavior is called exchange?
Exchange is a type of social behavior in which people interact to receive a reward
or return for their actions, whether material or nonmaterial.
5) How can competition be defined?
Competition is the process by which two or more people strive to achieve a goal
that only one can attain.
6) What are the two aspects of competition?
Competition can be both a motivator for achieving goals and a source of
psychological stress, social inequality, or even conflict.
7) What is the idea of cooperation as social behavior?
Cooperation involves people working together to achieve shared goals and is
essential for group tasks and goal completion.
8) How do you understand such a type of social interaction as conflict?
Conflict is a struggle for power within a society, where individuals or groups
oppose each other to achieve scarce or incompatible goals.
9)Is conflict considered to be an abnormal occurrence?
No, conflict is seen as a normal part of social life rather than an abnormal
occurrence.
10) Why is accommodation the natural result of conflict?
Accommodation is the natural result of conflict because it involves adjusting to
new circumstances and developing habits or attitudes to coexist despite past
conflicts.
Vocabulary Practice
Tasks 1
1) occurrence - h. an incident or event
2) incompatible - g. not consistent or able to coexist with (another)
3) sheer - e. nothing other than; unmitigated (used for emphasis)
4) competition - b. a situation in which someone is trying to win something or be
more successful than someone else
5) to outweigh - i. to be greater or more important than something else
6) reciprocally - j. in a way that involves two people, or groups of people, who
behave in the same way towards each other
7) to reconcile - a. to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are
opposed to each other can agree and exist together
8) accommodation - c. a convenient arrangement; a settlement or compromise
9) latent - f. present but invisible or inactive
10) agency - d. the capacity, condition, or state of acting or of exerting power;
operation; active force
Tasks 2
1) reward - d. return, award
2) to exert - h. to apply
3) lack - g. absence
4) technique - j. method
5) goal - i. aim, objective
6) to emphasize - b. to stress, to highlight
7) to occur - a. to take place
8) cornerstone - f. foundation, basis
9) to adjust - c. to adapt
10) termination - e. Cessation
Tasks 3
1) conflict - h. Reconciliation
2) latent - e. clear, obvious, overt
3) trivial - i. significant
4) victory - g. to lose, to fail
5) incompatible - c. consistent, well-matched
6) hostility - a. Friendliness
7) overt - d. Hidden
8) opponent - j. Supporter
9) to attain - b. Defeat
10) scarce - f. abundant, plentiful
Tasks 4
1) We're trying to bring out the b) latent artistic talents that many people
possess without realizing it.
2) It is difficult to c) reconcile such different points of view.
3) An important element at the b) beginning of a project is reporting back on
what went well and what went badly.
4) Good behaviour is usually b) rewarded in a nonmaterial way.
5) Competition a) motivates people to achieve goals.
6) Accommodation is a form of social interaction which involves c) adjusting
to a new environment.
7) Social conflict occurs when people b) oppose one another in social
interaction.
8) Social interaction is the process of a) reciprocal influence exercised by
individuals over one another during social encounters.
9) Roles, people play in their everyday life, are b) patterns of behaviour
expected of a person who occupies particular social status or position in society.
10) Resources are c) scarce and individuals naturally fight to gain control of
them which leads to a conflict.
