Enrollment No.

ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

SARVAJANIK COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY

IOE - Remote Sensing and GIS

Topic : Data collection from Bhuvan

Enrollment No. ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

INTRODUCTION TO BHUVAN

BHUVAN (is a Sanskrit word, meaning Earth) is a Geoportal of Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO), hosted through URL https://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in. It Provides services
and applications related to satellite remote sensing data for public use. Bhuvan Services
are offered by NRSC. Striving to realize the Indian Space Vision, is a key player in ISRO’s
Earth Observation Programme and Disaster Management Support Programme. NRSC is
responsible for the acquisition, processing, supply of aerial and Satellite remote sensing
data and for continuously exploring the practical uses of remote sensing Technology for
multilevel (global to local) applications.

Significances of Bhuvan:

● It can be connected to Global Positioning System(GPS) device in real-time or

playback mode.
● It allows one to download IRS data products and consume thematic datasets as
OGC web services towards Geoprocessing.
● Using BHUVAN, users can chart routes, plot areas, view terrain profile and
overlay images.
● It is useful for scientists as it facilitates new possibilities from the IRS geospatial
data for collaborative research.
● It is also beneficial for educators. One can take students virtually to an area
being studied and show them the topography, surrounding areas etc.
Some data collections from Bhuvan are showed from next page.
Enrollment No. ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

1) ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA :

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an organization under the Ministry of Culture,
Government of India, responsible for archaeological research and the preservation of cultural
heritage.
Established in 1861, ASI's primary functions include:

1. Excavation and Research: Conducting archaeological excavations and studies to uncover and
document historical sites.
2. Conservation: Preserving and maintaining ancient monuments and sites of national importance.
3. Exploration: Surveying areas for potential archaeological sites and artifacts.

2) FOREST :

Forests in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are analyzed and managed using spatial data to
understand their structure, health, and dynamics. Here are some key aspects:

● Mapping and Visualization: GIS helps create detailed maps of forest cover, species distribution,
and land use patterns. This visual representation aids in planning and management.
● Spatial Analysis: GIS allows for analyzing relationships between different forest variables, such
Enrollment No. ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

as biodiversity, biomass, and habitat fragmentation. This can include modeling the impacts of
climate change or human activity.
● Inventory and Monitoring: Forest inventories using remote sensing data enable tracking
changes in forest cover, assessing deforestation rates, and monitoring regeneration

3) FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM :

Flood early warning systems (FEWS) are crucial tools designed to detect and predict flooding events,
providing timely alerts to minimize risks and enhance safety. Key components include:

● Monitoring: Continuous observation of weather patterns, river levels, and rainfall using satellite
data, weather stations, and river gauges.
● Data Analysis: Advanced modeling techniques analyze incoming data to forecast potential
flooding scenarios and assess their severity.
● Communication: Dissemination of warnings to the public and relevant authorities through
various channels, such as SMS alerts, sirens, and social media.
Enrollment No. ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

4) FOREST FIRE :

In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), forest fire analysis involves the use of spatial data and
modeling techniques to monitor, predict, and manage wildfires. Key aspects include:

● Mapping: GIS helps create detailed maps of forested areas, identifying vegetation types,
topography, and potential fire hazards.
● Risk Assessment: Spatial analysis identifies areas at high risk of fire based on factors like
weather conditions, fuel load, and historical fire data.
● Fire Behavior Modeling: GIS is used to simulate fire spread under various conditions,
helping predict the potential impact and identify critical areas for intervention.
● Monitoring and Detection: Remote sensing technology, including satellite imagery, aids in
real-time monitoring of active fires and assessing burn severity.

5) DROUGHT :
In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), drought analysis involves using spatial data to monitor,
assess, and manage drought conditions. Key aspects include:

● Monitoring: GIS integrates data from various sources, such as satellite imagery and weather
stations, to track changes in precipitation, soil moisture, and vegetation health.
● Drought Indices: GIS is used to calculate and visualize drought indices (e.g., Standardized
Precipitation Index) that quantify drought severity and duration.
● Risk Mapping: Spatial analysis identifies areas most vulnerable to drought by evaluating
Enrollment No. ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

factors like land use, topography, and historical drought patterns.

● Impact Assessment: GIS helps assess the socio-economic impacts of
drought on agriculture, water resources, and communities, facilitating informed decision-making.
● Resource Management: Drought data visualizations support the management of
water resources, agricultural planning, and emergency response strategies.
● Public Awareness: GIS-based tools can be used to inform the public and
stakeholders about current drought conditions and mitigation measures.

6) LAND USE AND LAND COVER :

Land use and land cover (LULC) refer to the classification and analysis of how land is utilized and
what physical features are present on the Earth's surface. Here’s a brief overview:

● Land Use: This term describes the purpose for which land is managed or utilized, such as
agriculture, residential areas, industrial zones, or recreational spaces. It reflects human activities and
socio-economic factors.
● Land Cover: This refers to the physical characteristics of the land surface, including
vegetation (forests, grasslands), water bodies (lakes, rivers), urban infrastructure (buildings, roads),
and barren land. It represents the natural and artificial elements of the landscape.
Enrollment No. ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

7.LAND DEGRADATION :
In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), land degradation analysis involves using spatial data and
tools to assess, monitor, and manage the decline in land quality. Key aspects include:
● Mapping and Visualization: GIS enables the creation of detailed maps that illustrate areas
affected by land degradation, including soil erosion, deforestation, and desertification.
● Data Integration: GIS integrates various data sources, such as satellite imagery, soil surveys,
and climate data, to provide a comprehensive understanding of degradation processes.

7) WASTELAND :

In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), wasteland analysis involves mapping, monitoring, and
managing land that is underutilized or degraded. Key aspects include:
● Definition: Wastelands are areas that are unproductive or degraded due to factors like soil
erosion, salinization, deforestation, or urbanization.
● Mapping: GIS is used to create detailed maps that identify and classify wasteland areas based
on their characteristics, such as vegetation cover, soil type, and land use.
● Data Integration: Combining satellite imagery, topographical maps, and environmental data
allows for a comprehensive assessment of wasteland distribution and conditions.
● Change Detection: GIS enables the monitoring of wasteland changes over time, assessing the
impact of land management practices and natural events.
Enrollment No. ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

● Potential for Rehabilitation: GIS analysis can identify areas suitable for restoration or
reforestation, helping prioritize efforts to reclaim wasteland for productive use.
● Decision Support: GIS tools aid policymakers and land managers in making informed decisions
regarding land use planning, resource allocation, and sustainable development strategies.

8) GLACIAL LAKES/ WATERBODIES :

In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the study of glacial lakes involves mapping,
monitoring, and analyzing lakes formed by glacial activity. Key aspects include:

● Mapping and Identification: GIS helps create detailed maps to identify

glacial lakes, often using satellite imagery and topographical data to locate and
classify them based on size, shape, and depth.
● Change Detection: GIS tools enable the monitoring of changes in glacial lake
extent and volume over time, assessing the impacts of climate change and
glacial retreat.
● Hydrological Modeling: GIS is used to model water flow and drainage
patterns, helping to understand how glacial lakes interact with surrounding
ecosystems and water bodies.
Enrollment No. ET22BTCO054 Subject : Remote Sensing & GIS

Conclusion:

● Land Use and Land Cover: Land use and land cover data help urban planners,
environmentalists, and policymakers make informed decisions about land management and
development, including identifying areas for conservation, agriculture, urbanization, and more.

● Land Degradation: Data on land degradation inform strategies to prevent or reverse soil
erosion, desertification, and loss of soil fertility, supporting sustainable land use practices and
agricultural productivity.

● Wasteland: Wasteland data can be used for land reclamation, restoration, and afforestation
projects, converting degraded land into productive or ecologically valuable areas.

● Archaeological Survey of India: Data collected from archaeological excavations and research
can help historians and archaeologists reconstruct the past, preserve cultural heritage, and understand the
development of civilizations.

● Forest: Forest data can inform sustainable forest management, support biodiversity
conservation, guide land- use planning, and contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation
efforts.

● Flood Early Warning System: Data from flood monitoring and early warning systems can be
used to provide timely alerts to communities and authorities, enabling them to evacuate, protect
property, and reduce flood- related casualties