PEOPLE AND WATER
REPORT BY:
PARIENTES RANIE BOY
ONDALOC HAMIE
TUMAKAY AJELME
ZAMORA MARK
MANZANO RONALD
MANLAPAZ KRISHNA
MAG-ASO JUNDEL
RODRIGO CHERELYN
IGSOC PRINCESS LEAH
TARIGA MHADETTE
WATER IS THE LIFEBLOOD OF OUR PLANET, ESSENTIAL FOR ALL LIVING
ORGANISMS, INCLUDING HUMANS. THIS REPORT EXPLORES THE
DISTRIBUTION OF EARTH’S WATER RESOURCES, FOCUSING ON THE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SALTWATER AND FRESHWATER, AND THE
VARYING COMPOSITIONS AND TOPOGRAPHIES OF OUR OCEANS.
EARTH’S WATER DISTRIBUTION:
A SALTY REALITY
WHILE WATER COVERS APPROXIMATELY 71% OF EARTH’S SURFACE, THE
VAST MAJORITY OF IT IS SALTWATER, FOUND IN OCEANS AND SEAS.
ONLY A TINY FRACTION, ABOUT 2.5%, IS FRESHWATER. THIS
FRESHWATER IS FURTHER DIVIDED INTO:
- SURFACE WATER:
- GROUNDWATER:
- ICE AND GLACIERS:
SURFACE WATER: THIS INCLUDES LAKES, RIVERS, AND WETLANDS, REPRESENTING A
SMALL PORTION OF THE TOTAL FRESHWATER.
GROUNDWATER: THIS IS WATER STORED BENEATH THE EARTH’S SURFACE,
ACCOUNTING FOR A SIGNIFICANTLY LARGER PORTION OF FRESHWATER
RESERVES.
ICE AND GLACIERS: THESE FROZEN FORMS OF WATER REPRESENT THE LARGEST
PORTION OF FRESHWATER, LOCKED AWAY IN POLAR REGIONS AND HIGH
MOUNTAINS.
THE OCEAN’S DIVERSE LANDSCAPE
THE EARTH’S OCEANS ARE NOT UNIFORM; THEY EXHIBIT SIGNIFICANT
VARIATIONS IN COMPOSITION AND TOPOGRAPHY ACROSS DIFFERENT
LOCATIONS.
COMPOSITIONAL DIFFERENCES:
SALINITY: THE SALT CONTENT OF SEAWATER VARIES, WITH HIGHER SALINITY
FOUND IN REGIONS WITH HIGHER EVAPORATION RATES AND LOWER
PRECIPITATION, SUCH AS THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA. CONVERSELY, AREAS
WITH SIGNIFICANT FRESHWATER INPUT, LIKE THE BALTIC SEA, HAVE LOWER
SALINITY.
TEMPERATURE: OCEAN TEMPERATURES VARY GREATLY DEPENDING ON
LATITUDE, DEPTH, AND OCEAN CURRENTS. TROPICAL WATERS ARE GENERALLY
WARMER THAN POLAR WATERS, WHILE DEEPER WATERS ARE CONSISTENTLY
COLDER.
COMPOSITIONAL DIFFERENCES:
NUTRIENT LEVELS: NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THE OCEAN VARY
SIGNIFICANTLY, IMPACTING MARINE LIFE. UPWELLING ZONES, WHERE
DEEP, NUTRIENT-RICH WATER RISES TO THE SURFACE, SUPPORT
ABUNDANT MARINE ECOSYSTEMS.
TOPOGRAPHICAL VARIATIONS:
DEPTH: OCEAN DEPTHS RANGE FROM SHALLOW COASTAL AREAS TO THE
DEEPEST TRENCHES, EXCEEDING 10,000 METERS. THESE VARIATIONS CREATE
DIVERSE HABITATS FOR MARINE ORGANISMS.
OCEAN FLOOR FEATURES: THE OCEAN FLOOR IS NOT FLAT; IT FEATURES
MOUNTAINS, VALLEYS, TRENCHES, AND VOLCANIC VENTS, CREATING
UNIQUE ENVIRONMENTS WITH DISTINCT ECOSYSTEMS.
TOPOGRAPHICAL VARIATIONS:
CONTINENTAL SHELVES: THESE SHALLOW, SUBMERGED AREAS
BORDERING CONTINENTS ARE HOME TO A VAST ARRAY OF MARINE
LIFE AND ARE IMPORTANT FOR FISHING AND RESOURCE EXTRACTION.
CONCLUSION
THE DISTRIBUTION OF EARTH’S WATER RESOURCES AND THE DIVERSE
NATURE OF OUR OCEANS HIGHLIGHT THE COMPLEXITY OF OUR
PLANET’S AQUATIC SYSTEMS. UNDERSTANDING THESE VARIATIONS IS
CRUCIAL FOR MANAGING WATER RESOURCES, PROTECTING MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS, AND ENSURING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF HUMAN
ACTIVITIES THAT DEPEND ON WATER.
REFERENCES
1.. GLEICK, P. H. (1998). THE WORLD’S WATER: THE BIENNIAL REPORT ON FRESHWATER RESOURCES. ISLAND PRESS.
DOI: 10.5822/978-1-61091-048-4
1. POSTEL, S. L., & RICHTER, B. D. (2003). RIVERS FOR LIFE: MANAGING WATER FOR PEOPLE AND NATURE. ISLAND PRESS.
DOI: 10.5822/978-1-61091-049-1
1. SOLOMON, S., & QIN, D. (2007). CLIMATE CHANGE 2007: THE PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS. CONTRIBUTION OF WORKING
GROUP I TO THE FOURTH ASSESSMENT REPORT OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE. CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS.
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511791034
1. UNITED NATIONS (2020). WORLD WATER DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2020: WATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE. UNESCO.
DOI: 10.18356/9789264312246
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