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Indian History
Government of Tamil Nadu
Department of Employment and Training
Course : TNPSC Combined Civil Services Examination - IV(Group IV / VAO)
Subject : Indian History
Topic : Delhi Sultan Empire
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Indian History
Delhi Sultan Empire (1206 -1526 AD)
The 5 different dynasties of Delhi sultanate are
1. The Slave dynasty
2. The Khalji dynasty
3. The Tughlaq dynasty
4. The Sayyid dynasty
5. The Lodi dynasty
I) The Slave dynasty(1206-1290AD)
Also called Mumluk dynasty. There were three dynasties
1. Qutbi dynasty
2. First illabri dynasty
3. Second illabri dynasty
1. Qutbi Dynasty
Qutbuddin Aibak was a slave of Mohammed Ghori who made him governor of
Indian possessions. After the death of Ghori , he declared Independence thus
founded the Slave dynasty .
“Lakh Baksh”- Aibak was called as lakh baksh or giver of lakhs because of his
liberal donations.
Aibak started the construction of Qutub-minar but it was completed by Illtumish.
2. Illtutmish(1211-1236)
Belonged to Illabri tribe .
He shifted the capital from Lahore to Delhi.
Illtutmish refused to give shelter to Chengizkhan
He received the Mansur from Abbasid Caliph.
Illtutmish created a new class of ruling “elite of forty” powerful military leaders.
Raziya (1236-1240)
Illtutmish nominated his daughter raziya as his successor. Wazir put Ruknuddin
Feroz on the throne.Altunia put Raziya as a prisoner and killed Yakuth
abyssianian slave of Raziya.
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Indian History
Balban (1246-1287)
Ghiyasuddin Balban served as Naib to Sultan ,after the death of sultan Balban
took the throne
According to Balban sultan was God’s Shadow. He introduced the Persian
festival of “Nauroz”.
He established a separate military department called “Diwan-i-arz”
II) The Khalji dynasty (1290-1320)
The founder of khalji dynasty was Jalaludin khalji. He was generous and linient.
Alauddin khalji murdered his father in law jalaludin and took the throne.
Alauddin khalji
He gave enormous gifts to nobles to win over them. All the secret activities of
nobles were monitored. Intelligence system was reorganized and all secret
activities were reported to sultan.
Reforms
1. Maintained large permanent army and paid them in cash
2. Introduced system of dagh “Branding of Horses”
3. Prepared Hulia (Descriptive list of soldiers)
Market Reforms
1. He established four separate markets
2. Each market was under the control of a high officer called “Shahna-i-Mandi”
3. A separate department called “Diwani Riyasat” was created under an officer
called Naib-i-Riyasat.
4. There were secret agents called munhiyans
5. He was the first Sultan of Delhi who ordered for the measurement of land
6. His land revenue reforms provided a basis for the future reforms of Sher Shah
and Akbar
Military Campaigns
The military conquests of Alauddin Khalji include his expedition against Gujarat,
Mewar and Deccan. His greatest achievement was the conquest of Deccan.
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Indian History
The four important dynasties
1. Yadavas of Devagiri
2. Kakatiyas of Warangal
3. Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra
4. Pandyas of Madurai
Literature:-
He patronized Amir Kushrau and Amir Hasan. He constructed a new capital at
siri.
III) The Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1414)
The founder of Tughlaq dynasty was Ghiyassuddin Tughlaq. Ulugh khan killed
his father and ascended the throne with the title Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.
He owed many ambitious schemes and novel experiments and ended in
miserable failures. He transferred the capital from Delhi to Devagiri. It was
named as Daulatabad. After 2 years, he returned back to Delhi.
He introduced “token” currency.
According to Barani, the heap of copper coins remained lying on roadside in
Tughlaqabad.
Agricultural Reforms
He launched a scheme by which takkavi loans (loans for cultivation) were given
to the farmers to buy seed and to extend cultivation.
A separate department for agriculture “ Diwan-i-kohi” was established.
Rebellions:-
The Rebellions of Hassan Shah resulted in establishment of Madurai. In 1336
Vijayanagar Kingdom was found.In1347 Bamini kingdom was found.
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Indian History
Feroz Tughlaq (1351-1388)
He appointed Khan-i-Jahan Maqbal a Telugu Brahmin convert as Wazir. He
helped wazir in administration.
Administrative Reforms:-
Jiziya was strictly imposed on non-Muslims.
He was first sultan to impose irrigation tax.
He developed royal factories called karkhana.
A new department called Diwan-i-Khairat to take care of widows and orphans.
Hindus were treated as second grade citizens.
Sayyids (1414-1451)
Timur appointed Khizr Khan as governor of Multan and he founded the Sayyid
Dynasty.
Bahlul Khan Lodi dominated everything. Alam Shah the weakest of the Sayyid
princes handed over the throne to Bahlul Lodi.
IV) Lodis (1451-1526)
Bahlul Lodi was the first Afghan ruler and was succeeded by his son Sikandar
Lodi.
He was a good administrator and made sultanate strong and powerful.
Sikandar Lodi was succeeded by Ibrahim Lodi. He was arrogant and his own
ungle Daulatkhan Lodi was insulted. His uncle was displeased by him and invited
Babur to invade India. Babur killed Ibhrahim Lodi in the first battle of panipat
(1526).
