Assignmert -1 Page No,

Date

Q. Explain Calm and Armbientitechnalogy iusing lse

ie eXample

*Calm Technalaqy ß
System ahich dant vie for fofamatian yet
they are ready to_provide utIty ag useful
Rnformation when ceidecide to give them.
attention.e Pooe eing2A
Calm technolagy sia technlaqy cuhioh is
warkinq guietk fors yau. thaut taking
your &4ention

* Ambient Technoloqy ß
-The nost_profaund Technalagies ahe thase
that disappear Theyiweave hemselvea fnto
the fabric of evehyday fe unil they are
indistinguishable fhom t??lo21ot
-attention
Armbient technalogy ahe cohichi tequired

ExampleßLâvel Wirë
Agreat example of this approach is
Lve wieone of the fast IoT device.
 Date

Created by artistNatalie Jeremijenko

cohen she was in tesidence at
PARC under the qui dence of MarkXeroy
weisen
- Live wire_ s a simple
device
motor Connected to ao eight -
i anelectaic
piece of pla stic string foot long
a he poer for the mator s povided
the data transmis sions on the Ethehnetay
neteuork to ohich t is connected So t
ttoitches cwhenever a packet of infotmatio
fs-sent acaogs the' netuork
- Under the notnal,liqht netwark laad
the stroing twitcheg dzcasionally
If the network ig overlogded.the Stin
2odt shilsmadly accorn paniedhya distinc
otot otivenofs e Ofroarn themotars activity
-Conversely f no networkiact iyftú is
OcCurnqan unusual sillnes cooe
ONerHHe
string
-Both extremes af activity therefar
aleat the nearby human at sornething
s amiss and 18ts him
furthers investiaate
 (Page No.
Date

TThe mention of Hhe dstenctfve sound faoro

the motor when the Lve Wiae is under heaty
load bings up anotheg inteesting point
Moving the meang of conveyíng îrfat matían
fom ScreenS and irto the real word
often adds anew dimension o 4he ngtiflcoti
qs Eoplain qraceful degradotfon and affordoncen
Ctaceful Deqradatfon în ToT 8
- Crracefu dearadation refersto the ability
af an ToT systero to qradually ireduce its
functfonality onperformáncelo a Controll
ed manner when faced coithichallenges
oa faulures 5uch o
" Netaork Connectivity issues
Power outages
Sensor malunctiorns
Software errors.

The goal s tomaintoin patfal functiana-.

ensuming
ity,en suTing the ystem temaïns opeta
4ionalalbeit at ateduced Capaeity.
 This appoach poeventg Sudden
camplete System failuTes,allowing
for 8
o Continuedoperatior in alioited Coposit
"Reduced downtimei
o
Easietooubleshooting ond nepait
LLan EXample.
ASmot Home Systemn that continues
to Control 1fghting and
but uith reduced termperature,
paecisionwhen
Affordances PoTT 8
Affordanceg re fer to the uisual
i auditoyor tactile cues that
Coonnunîcate the copabili+iesand
-lethafuncti¡naltty of anTOT deice os
oiLsyStermd

Afforgdances help users understand

haw to interact withthe deice
making ft more fntuitive and user
fasiendß
EXample,
f smart Light hulb oith aisible LED
rRngthot Rndicate Rtt Stots.Ceg.
stots
bfue fora: Conne ctedi red fore
 Cctace ful Degnadatian ß
The HITP paotacal usesa slfght ly ditferent
technigue în cuhich each endSpecifies the
yersian of Hhe paatacal that 9t Suppots and
the otherend takes care not to use any
ofthenewer featured fog thatipat ticula
SessianE

The ather cammon te choique fs to use

Same thing called graceful Deqradatian

"Affardanceg
follous
Donald Not man deffpes affordances aS
to the
l7Affardances+Hongcluea
pravide strang
opetations of things
knobs are far turning
4 bfference Between Stotic TP and Dyhamic

statio IP Dnamc IP
R..A-petmanent numerci. Atempoxary Ie
|addresS manually laddress hat dos
assigned to a devicecssigned to a
in the network' oodevice ar angde
when it is Con0ected
to a netuork

RAssigned
4he
manualy by R. Assigned by the
network adminis- DHCP server auto mati
stratoro Cally.hipa
iDoes
9A Ro
not.chabge once Rf.choanqe each time
assigned to a devicel the de vice connect
|to the netuUoTk
v, stote TP are leGs iv. Dynamic TP are
Secure more Secure

Assigning is difficut. ASsigning is

easie
N Suitable for dedfcatedv suitable fog ca
Services such asmoul larqe netwuork thot
FTP and vPN requires înternet
serveas. access to all devicel
 (Page Na.
Dato

Q5 Define IoT.Explain ubiquitous Camputing.

TOT Þ
+IOT refers to the netuyorrk of physical
devices., vehfcles, buildings ahd attheg ?temns
embe dd ed coitt sensor Sftuareand caDnec
tivity allowing hemto Collect and
exchange datad
r-These devices al_o known gs smart deviced
Caun gense and respand to theia envizonme
t, makingthem înteractiye and intelliqent

la a Physical objectunt
undl Controller, Sensor and Actuatos

Tntegnet

Tnternet ot Things
 (Page No
bata

Dbiquitaus Cormputing ßax tet anet 2

- Ubiquitous Computing , also kooun as 'pen
sive Cornputing, refsto the Seamless
ntegration of °computing technalaqy nta
eveyd ouy Rfe, haking t omniptesent
and nyistblebli
It aimsto create an envigoHmentwbere
computing Rs 8
ahtEvemy whene 87 Pesent în all aspects of
ncikife from homes ito pubiic spaceS.
Always -on 8-
ß- Devices ae
aae alway Cannectes
Car
ahd ready to use.
Invisible 8- Technalaqy blends înto the
backqroundmakinq 4 upghtrive

Intenactive 8- peviceA Can Senseand

re spond touses bee and environme

Example, of Dbiquite us Computing include

Srnart barmes uth autanated liq hting and
termperature Cantral
" Neatable devices hat track bealth
and tness.
 Pags No.
Dato

aG nefine Pootocal.Explain the fallawing

IMap , HAtp , ftp ,smtp, pap.

*Praotocol 8

-Aprotocalîs a set of rules, quidelines and

Standahds that goven the Communication
and exchange of data hetween devices,system

-Tt deffnes the fomat, Syotax and semantic

of data transmsstan en Suaing that al
parties fnvalved in the Commhicatfon pracesS
Understand and interoret the data coreotly.

-Potocolcan be categaaized Rnta diffement

types,including 8
Network protacals TcP/IP HTTP

2. Transpott paotacalg = eg. TcPuDe

3,Applicatian trata co ls - eg. SMTP, ETP
4Lommunicatian sotacaleg
 (Pago No.
Date

TMAPß5nl
IMAP stands for Tntenet Message.
Access Protocol.
Tt fs a protocol used fo accessing and
managinq
emohe
ernoil messaes on.a
mail seNeN hiehdnhe
Tt allows users to ß

"RertoNe emails fom theSeye

cuthoutodeleting themni
" Searchfór specific emauts ibaedon
citeria like Sender, Subiect on keywatd
Cheaterename ond deleteemat
folders.
Features of TMAP &

8
Two- woy Synchnoni zation
Emails are synchronized between the
ient and Serrve
keyworsd Search8
Emails can be Seasched using keyward
dateSor other Crteria.
 Page No.
Date

2> HTTP 8

-Tt stands fars Hypertext tansfer Paotacal

-Tt is a request -tesponse protoca) hat
1Senables Cammunicatfon betweenacliert and
Seoye
-Tt allows devices to exchange infor mctfon.
Guch as web paqes, inagesaHd data ove
the nteanet
-key aspects of tho HIIPpsotocol 8

Request 8-A Client sendsa request to the

Seavem, Specifyino the desired
Bne tource (eq.a oe page)
Response ö The sever procegses the requet
and Sends a reSponse back ta the
cliert Containing the requeated
reSource o an erorOr message

Methods 35 HTP defines sev eral request

methodsw
CrET - Retrieve a resaurce
PosT-send datatatheSer
DELET E helete re Saurce

HeadersßTHTTP headers povde ddditonal

informatian about he raquett o
yesponse SuchoUthenicotio
and conteht tpe.
3> FIP8
Tt stanou fog FileTaansfe PrrotoCol
r Tt S a Standard netwok paotocol
used fo trangfering tle betueen
a loca Computer and a remote
Servex ovex he intenet.

" Upload fles fmom heir loca luit

Computer to remote Server

Downlaad f°les from a remote server

to thei local computer.
-key features of FTP parotoco18
Authertication 8- Users must log in oitho
Username ahd passwand to
accesS Hhe remote sever

Ele management 8- user can create ,delete

cnd rename file nd
derectoie an the remate seveh
FTP Commaund
LOCrTN ß-Authenticates Hhe us er.
LST &bawnloa
GET
bisplays da ainectoay
a fle
listing
PUT 6 Upload s. a file
4> SMTP 8
I t stands for Simple Matl Transfer Pratacol
It 0S a push protocal used fo sendng and
relaying email nmessages between chail
segfer ma
mail transfe agentsard moul
Use agents,o9 too
It enables the transmis sion of emait
mesSaqes ove the frnteanet
SMTP Cammabds 8

HELO 8- Toitiate the sMIP session

DATA &-Transfers the enmai message hady
UTT ß- Terinates the sMTP Sessfon.
-SMTP s widely used fox 8-biea

1,Email Sending ß GMTP s used ay emaillcients

to sen& email messages to moul Seers
2.Emoil relaying 8-SMTP is used by mail
servetsto reloy email messaqes to
theia finad deaioatian

3.EmauL delivery o SMTP is used to deliver

emaul mesgages to recipients moulba xe

Summoy sMTP s a fundamenta parotocal

fors email cormmuhi cation ,enabling the
Hransmision
nternet
of emoul mesjage orer the
 5> PoP 3 8
LacizIt stands fosPostofflce Prsotoco) vensian
3)
Tt isaproto col used fomiretrieviog
emaulmessages froom a remote n i
semver to a local emailclient.
-itallowsusers to&k alL
" Retrieve email me ssagei foom aaremote
mail Seve

Delete email messages foom the

emote mail SerYerr

Daunload emal messages to a oca

email client.hezeoTM

PoP3 Co romanoy 8
USER Þ- Authenticates the use
PASs 8- Authenticate the passwod
1TST 8- Retieves a lfst of emal mes Saqes
RETR 8- RetieveA a specific email message
DELE 8- pelete a SpecifC enailmessage.
OIt - Tegminates the Pop3 Sessiah.
 44212
nqiemail Support not
not DOes
yao tem Severr
af mail
te the from messagei email -Deletes
uchauß Some has PoP3
for"storage.. clfent
il locol messaqes
a to
dowrload Pofz Storage
&- email Local 2.
mailservem mote re
foan messageg Email
toused Popz_s Retnieval
8- Emai
3l fon Coromanly
used PoP3is
Date
Q2. Explain ManufacturerLnghe dients hotma
ley Freld.

i. Technology bicgq er Venkatesh Rao come

up oith a qold emn to help
ezplein bow ne technolagy becomes
adopted
He posistS thot cwe dant see Hhe
preset he c0orld that cwe liye in
now Sarmethi ng ingt
as Something Rschaunqing
HL Tf oe Step backtog qSecand we do
kho) hat ît has changed althaugh
Ahe big
hidden in
Speak up as ovg time
plain siaht
iv. And calle this Concept the manufactured
normalcy field.
v. For a technalagy to be adopt ed it hay
to madee is inside the manufacture
Dotmalos fietd

vi. As a result the succesfu) user eapehien

desiqnor is the ane oha preset useg
witk cn epenence cohich do esnt
stretch the boundahie, of thei
particuler Dotmacly field to fo
yen it he undeYiying.
 Pago No.
Dato

vii Thechnola qy being emplayed is a huqe

leap ahead af the harm for egomple
the mobile phane cua first introduced
aS
as a phone that cwon't tethered to a
particulor lo catian,
No w broadly 4the same technalogy s
used to pmovide a partable
Thtenel 4eminal ahich can pla
movieg Cany you entte muic colléctian
Ke phane calu,