Human Resource
Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Why are people considered a resource?
Ansi) Human beings are the most important resource of
a nation. They are significant because had they not
utilised their brains, the other resources of nature would
not have found any utility. In other words, human
resource is the ultimate resource
(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of
population in the world?
(ii) Population density depends on the climate
conditions and topography of the place, like few people
live in high latitude areas, tropical deserts, mountainous
‘terrains, and forest areas,whereas a large number of
people reside in plains. Fertility of soils, availability of
fresh water, minerals are other major geographical
factors behind this. Some social factors that boost the
density of population in a region are better housing,
education and health facilities. Places with cultural or
historical significance are usually populated.
Employment opportunities are another attraction for
large chunks of population.
(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?
Ansiii) Because of the better food supplies, increase in
medical facilities, reduced death rate, birth rate almost
remaining the same.
• The difference between birth rate and death rate
is called natural growth rate. This natural
growth is high due to better medical and food
facilities leading to growth in population.
• Many people move from one country to another
due to various reasons. This also leads to
increase in population of the countries having
his immigration.
(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing
population change
Ans(iv). Geographical factors: People prefer to live on
plains more than mountains or plateaus and they live
more in moderate climates than extreme hot or cold.
From the agriculture point of view, fertile lands are
preferred. Areas with mineral deposits are more
populated.
Economic factors: People prefer to industrial areas
since they provide more and better employment
opportunities. Due to this, industrial cities are thickly
populated.
(v) What is meant by population composition?
Ans v)The structure of the population with various
respects like age, sex, literacy, occupations, health
facilities, economic condition, etc is called population
composition.
(vi) What are population pyramids ? How do they help in
understanding about the population of a country?
Ans(vi) Population pyramid is also called age sex
pyramid. It shows:
• It shows division of population into various age
groups like 5 to 9 years, 10 to 14 years etc.
• It gives the percentage of male female ratio, in
each age group.
• It tells about number of dependents-young and
old along with number of economically active
peoples.
• It helps to understand the economic, health,
social structure by indirectly referring to death,
birth rate in terms of age and sex.
• A population pyramid in which the base is broad
and the top part is narrow means that although a
large amount of births take place, not all grow up to
be adults and old; it means many die before
reaching these ages. This indicates a large death
rate and Kenya shows such a pyramid. This means
a high population growth rate.
In countries like India, the death rate is decreasing,
so the pyramid is broad in the younger age groups,
and the size of the pyramid decreases steadily.
