KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

PANNA(M.P.)

A REPORT ON ANALGESICS

A PROJECT SUBMITED FOR,

ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that " Name of student "a
student of class 12th has successfully completed the

project on the topic " Name of the topic "under

the guidance of Mrsname of subject teacher The reference taken

in making this project has been declared at the end of

this project.

Signature (subject teacher} Signature {examiner}

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
T take this
opportunity to express my profound
gratitude and deep regards to my guide-
name of teacher

for his
and
exemplary guidance, monitoring
constant encouragement
throughout the course
ofthis project. The blessing, help and guidance given
by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the
journey of life on which I am about to embark.

Ialso take this opportunity to express a deep sense of

gratitude to Principal Kendriya Vidyalaya Panna for
his cordial
support, valuable information and
guidance, which helped me in completing this task
through various stages.

Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, brother, sisters

and friends for their constant encouragement without
which this assignment would not be possible.

Student's Name
 Date
P2ge

ntruchuclion
Actiens o Analjesics
Hnalgeice, cOmmenly kneun a pinkillens one

Substances uhich wotk in vnieus wayg vheliee

oligfenent fypee e paih expenjenced in the bocly,

Orenthe oun ter lOTC) (hon pae cS7ibed)an alpesica
thaut ae zenenclly ugecl by the_public ane
a l codejne ano
punaceemol, weak opiocls such
non-steroilal nti-flemma ton olruzs (NSAIDS)
Such a ibuprofe gnd g4piön:
defenu to a medic
Technicealle analgesics
the tenm
withGu
atien hat proides nelief fnem pain
puttingyeu to sleep or makin_ fou
to p e
Cohsci euk neg8

be takeh to eliere pain he

Analgca)C& ma SUck
asisee rom a wicle Jiange concli hens
condihons suck
ag appeholiclK, cances congenital
CUrotune 4pihe, i bronyalia, galblaolden
gasrointestihal clisode/es, headaohes,
diseare,
lifting echniguea, ingeetien, mens fratien,
impopen
migrcihes, multh ple 6cleoris, nenve dqmcpe
poan postune
osteouhnits, pajn SHndDmeR,
gheuma toid
4pains, s/rains Swngeny
anthihs,
oothache, weund cleanging
qncl
oouuma,
impotgnt to know thd not
clebidement: I is ondihòhsr
appropnafe or hese
Cne
all analjesics
 Date
Page

Pmalgeaie olifen in the oo they wouk anol in

thein poteny Thene cne also clihoaente in the
o C they oune bsorbed, olis ibu/eel, metqbolize
the
Qnol exOetecl within the bocly.
Within hesame cless e onalgesics (NSAD)
thne cne clifenence in thein li keli heod for Side
ebects potency ano the way heyneed to bee
taken
thene ame sever different clane oonoegjs
Analgesic cembincitien Lindudes nancoti
nalgea iC cmbincihens)
Contajh analgesics in cnbinclion wit othern
analpeaica with othen subatances theut enhentes
the qnalgeaic eeet (such as catine) or indlute
Sleep orothenoleieepeck. It includeg
maUncotic analgesic combinatuens.

Genenic Nemne Bnandname example

-aetaminop hen Exceon} h beck qndl
aupiin booly
9- qetqmina phen + Atenden, Exceclrih
aspinincotfeine 6roocdy's He«deache poLola
3 Qcetqmjnophn t Bupap PhoenilUn
butalbital Foarte
4- q cetqminophen t EXte cnih uick Tab
coeire Tens'on headache
5 - acetaminophen t
knee nelje
Cokfeine t manes iumt
Salicylate
 Date,
) Page.

i bArtimigrqine ents
These medicines c e used fo neliee h e pejik

thout CUi&es em mlgtAineheadqched There

Ce
e eena cligenent cleutes cbuKgs that
can eiee a migtalne such aegok, fipta ng
Ds.Seme ame ofvay lable in Lømbjnyt-
Cand NSAIDs.
enhante the
1e wih cagfeine ( cekeihe cqn
ehbectivenesotheningndients anod hag
analgesic_propeniea)._
Genenic Nqme Brgmd ngme exgmple

1.almomptqn_ Axent
2- olihydmenotamina Miaraha! (hasal)
nasq
3 eleiptan Relpax
-exgo tomihe Ergoma
5-eIotaminO
caegotloral/rectal)

coene Migengotloral|aatal)|
|6 F7oYa rptan frora
7 .naampten Amene
8:3i 20 mptan Maxalt, Mavalt-MLT
g. Sumcutrip ta injecton Imirex, Imitrex
hasl, Onzera XsaiL

1OSunmapteh t TeximeE
hapoxeh
11. 2olmihptqh Zominj,2oming-2MT
 Date
Page

i ) Co-2. inhibitors
Co-2 inhibi tor ane a type o non stenoidal
anti- irHlammany cbug (NSAID) thot specifi-
Coully blocks COx-2 engHme COY-2 enztmej
Cone esponsible od reeasing_protengl hals
Kte infectien or injny N`AIDs hot farow
COx engymeg have higher niyks o conoliov
ag ula ehects but lea gashoin tesinal
ebects
Grenenic ngme Brqno nqme exannple
.Celecoxib Celebre
2.r0gecoxib witholnauwh becauye sae
eoncens
3 vololecoxib clisotinsecl

Uv) Mi'scellaneous analgalg

Miscellaneous Qnalesics one ene hat ane
mique i the o0 that hey wotk An
evumple is qeetqminophen which is shll
houhtto wodk cyclo-Ox4gena (Cox)n3Yme
but in a odierent LOcLy_to NSAIDs
Gen eic Nqme Brqno name example
I- etaminophen Actamin, Mapap, Tylenaj

2-Zinconotide Pri tait

 A19110MSS
Batch No.

Mfg. Date: JUN.2019

Cefuroxime Axetil
MAY 2021
Expiry Date
Tablets IP 250 mg
485.00
Maximum
Retail Price:
Cetil 2500 (Inclusive of all taxes)
Each film-coated tablet contains 67/UA/LL/SC/P-2014
Cefuroxime Axetil Tablets IP 250 mg to Mfg. Lic. No.:
Cefuroxime Axetil IP equivalent
Trade Mark Ltd.
Cetil 250 Cefuroxime 250 mg Regd. of Lupin
Dioxide IP or
Colour: Titanium To report product complaint
Adverse Drug reaction dial Toll
Dosage: As directed bythe Physician. Free no.: 1800-209-2505

Store below 30°C, or email at dsrm@lupin.comn

moisture.
protected from light & Manufactured by :
of children. LUPIN LTD.
Keep out of reach
At: Plot No. 16, Vardhman Industrial
PRESCRIPTION DRUG- CAUTION
SCHEDULE H N.H. 58,
prescripiion Estate, Village Bahadarpur Saini,
Not to be by relai wMthout ine INDIA.
sold Practtioner Distt. Haridwar-247 667, Uttarakhand,
Oi a Registered Medical
 Date
Page

(viiy Nem-shendidal an H- inflamm.u tory

dus
(NSAIDs)
8/ock cyclo -ox4genue enzYmes
which ane
dea pemsible fort h e productien epos teg lqnols
NSAI Ds thoutfavor CoX -
1
enzymes OUne mode
likeky
to cause gastrointestinal side etbertr
hoge that avor Cox -2 enzymes haea higher
sk e canoliorayculoo efects les ga troih feg-
Hinal efects.
Geneic naMe Brand name exqmple

luxbiprofen Ansci cl
2 KeowlacC Spri
3 - keope Ouclis, Onuvail
- tvl metjh Tolectin DS
5 aSpi nh_ Bayen, ASpintats
6ibuproen Advil Motin, Genpyl
Mi dol r6, p pinal
- naprox Alee, tlanax pain
eliever, midol, ex kended
nel eoe NaproSyn
8 Sulinolae clinon
9 meenam ic acio Pon tscl
meloxicam mob'c, vivlodex
11.oliclofenac CoLtaflah, volFeneh,
21psdr 20rvdl ex
12Celeoxlb celebe X
13eoclol ac Lodine
 oDate
Page

v NaNcoho malgegic
Woxks by bincling to opoic deceptors wh/c.
om pant o he opioid Sztem that tonho/s
pcu plecuunablo Qnd oololichre behaveuw
The
The mcuh opioid ecep or thot nancotc
analgesiCg bind to is he mu Ccepto
6en enic name Brand name exampleg
1 algentanil Grenenic enly
2-bujpeno phine Belbica. pobuphine
Subu e
3-buhophano aenenic
ohly
4 odeine Gnenniconly
5-erteny Acti, Dunaelc , Fentora
Subimq z b Sybsys
6 hyoococlone Hsingla ER, 2ohyclro Ekl
4 hyofpmo phohe Dilauoli, Exalgo
palladone
8 Levorphqhal Levo Dromoq
9 mepeidine Demenol, mepenitab
l o nodbuphi he Nubu
=

i) Salicylates
Thee une subetances that Cne_founcl hautwrally
in Seme_plans (Such a while willes bank
aand
nd win teagreen leaveg) or deied_aem
Aaliylicacd Not all hqve ame pein eieing
ehecs Seme Cne uge s bove paegenvaires
anol antisepHca Thoge thou olo elene pain
work in a Similar Locly to NSAIDs
 Date
Pag

asaceamit
Peatacetamol is uged or milel_paua and au
an anti-Pynehe cbnug. Themechanism ef ach
pouQLetamol is not cleoly kneo h althouh
ene theony 341gest het it acs cu a
6elecie Inhibih o he Cycdo oxdzenage
engyme isofom cOX-3, found in the bray
Cinod Spinal cord. Unlike NSA1Ds it hap ho
C n t i inflamma tony achon. Pana ceqmal cah be
6old to he pubuc provicded packs conteih
ho mo han 32 capsule or teblekr phan misk
Cn sell mulhple pecks upo quaniry o
Jo0 capzules o tables in jusbkiable cirumste
n ceg A new set opol/cy whene y ny ene
packe ofCo cocdamol ltocl eine phagphcfe and
pancetamo1)s solod v ohe consumer . Evenn
with theze nesichnS in plqce, ponecetemal
is the most vemmon dlelibrate se-poisoning
drug in h e Uk w h mote +han 20,00O

emengern olepcntment auttenadanceg eeny yec.

At the toxic aloe pencacetama satwae
h e lire patho0y normauly involed in iks_
metabolism cau ing_pouatetemo to be
metaboli'sed by an alteenhe pethway
ohich prooduces hoxic metabolie, N-aehyl_
-p behzoqu none imine (NA BQ1) which is
inaive by_gluthecthjone , repily can be preenn
cn howm
 Date
Paqe

Aspiin is a
irin cemmon ly ugeel NSAID mainy
been
uRecd or clental pcain. Thougk it hay not
cleanly eatablished the ue oapidn anin
chilcdren toungen
ere ox viral ingechon in
16 yens is linked to qh inctuze ih the
han
is _cemm en i
isk o Reyes Sncnome wh'ch
chillat agecl beween 5 and 14 yeon. Reye 4
Smeome is charachenlzed by ah acube
men-Inlammafvy ncephalopcuthy andl hepaic
ai une(Liver ahd brun clomae).IE haug beAR
advised hat chilelaen und en he age 1 6
sheulcl not be giren cs pinn mey be takan

i he chil issuhjening nem kqwusaki

Syodnome eaebnile Childhoo eliseage.
 Date
Page-

poide
Opoicds a e engs that_procluce moaphine ike
ehheckr to aecdu ce modenate or Sevene pair.
Codeine is an example o a n opjoo,it ha shuct-
Unal similawri t i to morphine tohick int w n n
Cause Similan elhects to ecluce_poair Thene qre_
thnee main types o
hnee necepws which all _paoclute
cbhenent fype3 eAneA ponges MS and K
The qnd thk eceptors produce cnalgesic
ect_ pluy the_un wqnted sicle ebbeers

The 5 eceptor aloeg not caufe qnI icle ebhect

cocleine has higk aliniy_fo the H
eceptor and do afinity"for 8 k_eceptus
and thenefore cefjineo osa weak opiocl ag
its fects_ne less_than thoe of morbhine.
olejne sheula be ugeofor milel ho moolenate
pcuih. It Is no eommenoled or chil/en qnd
is mot n enelly_Girentw asthmatic.Cooleine
can cauge elepenolenve The side ebfect
cemmeny asociafecl toith cclejne is consti paion
due to h e incatokt tone in heaghointesYna/
touc anc olecnecaRC in Asme_motility
 Date

Page

fetr om Sidents
Students cne cens tenthy unden paeBUne to coodk
hcnd to achiene the zoals, leaving LiHle :
or minor illnem, which togethe with Mpical
student ' socdal ife coula leol to the consum
pien e nalzesiss as a guick hix Misoncepti-
ons plus
the stolent ifesAHe_euld theneoe
ead to misuge e analgesicg In adolth er thec
n e many_populon brends of gncugegicz en the
manke. Studens may thu3 choe analgeafC3
heut may hot be suiteble to elrere then Pain
nd
maiybe hnmful lue ho thein onraeichon
gnalgesica ane inehjecHe stulents may
take moe e the meclicluer, leacling_to
lange consumptie which in twnn cqn pro due
Serene sicle efect such ag kicney or gastouin e -
tinal olamage, adi he or becsminy a chronjc
 007-uxejes
DU OOC Se|qe| ®1qjSedsig auxiyeO

a6Dg
aLDg
Consumplion by Mau 2 lemol
54 _people who uyeg
analyesjcs 36 0. o
hem wene female qno 18-0: wene maleg
6ey olea soc)al suppot and sreu theorie
qnd thene is obvieug bio logical elenence
eltecl to women's neprooluchve lie and thhe
analgesîcsor peniod paih
wqeneRA
Sudents may hove been jeluctant to doy that-
they
they lid no Ec ol the leaflet Despi -e this
stuclentr4heued seme basic knewleolge o
enalgesic3 Censumphen. Students nmiyht felt
re/ucBant o admit to takiny a high clo ge s
analgesics negulony wlthout bent 4ueecden
a chronic cligeae as hey c n b e addiche
SOprper tane aheuld be taker gancin
he cenmpfen cnalgesis
 )Dafe
)Pa

(e nalgesies ohe?
Mostt enalgegica ae consieleeeel safe when taker
Dr shoxt penlocls etimne an exatly es dirtc/el
en h e packagins anq Szeale by hecloctor
Seme anales/es auch as ibu pofer and vcetamin
phen cune onsidenred sofen than otheng
Nan cotic analgesia n nan cotie analgoic
Cem bin utions hare beer akociated toith s eme
senieu 1Sk suck au espiratoy olisorden
Cuually 4/0 and shallosbreathiny opiolg -uge.
disordena and_pofentially fatal ovendong_
They ane potentially adadictive and h euld eny my
be ugecl or centain conolihien and un d r
m menitonny
NSAIDs hare ulso as ocifed with seme seniuy
Side
bjeeli such a aniehy, hypetensien heathe,et