Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021) 6287–6291

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Materials Today: Proceedings

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Design of automobile car seat vibration analysis due to road excitation

using CATIA
M. Prabhahar a,⇑, N. Lakshminarayanan a, K.A. Muhammed b, M.K. Vishnu b, Vijin Varghese b
a
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, VMRF, Salem, India
b
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, VMRF, Paiyanoor, Chennai, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: Four wheelers are still the most convenient personal road transport preferred by family since its inven-
Received 1 September 2020 tion for a comfort drive between desired destinations. Even with increasing technological development
Received in revised form 21 October 2020 on the engine efficiency, mileage and fuel economy, passenger comfort is an equally significant factor.
Accepted 24 October 2020
Car users look for less fatigue and painless comfort in the long run and this is one of the major issues that
Available online 13 December 2020
is been in the forefront of the automobile manufacturers. It has been identified that vibration caused in
the vehicle due to road excitation in addition to the engine. The vibrations excited by the uneven roads
Keywords:
are a major factor considered to be a disturbance in the occupants’ seats. This project is to design a model
Comfort
Passenger car
of a car seat and analyze the behavior due to road excitation forces caused as a result of road irregular-
Vibration ities. The analysis is to be carried over with the present design of a car seat and modifications in the frame
Design model and seat component are to be suggested based on the results. The safety factor of the occupant with ref-
Car seat erence to the seat is also to be analyzed.
Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
ence on Mechanical, Electronics and Computer Engineering 2020: Materials Science.

1. Introduction Limited component examination is an instructing technique to

recreate the mechanical conduct of a system [2].
The IC (Internal combustion Engine) is a gathering of different Typically, the motor vibration both in the S.I motor and C.I
mechanical segments like piston, connecting pole, cam shaft, motors are similarly critical to be address for the solace of the trav-
chamber and valves if not appropriately adjusted causes vibration eler. However, it is seen that the vibration happening in the C.I
which been moved to the vehicle structure and body that can cause motors are similarly higher to the S.I motor because of its high-
inconvenience of the travelers. The vibration and the resulting cla- pressure proportion. Despite that the fact announcement might
mor is been produced because of the unbalance and the inertial be reasonable for a vehicle type petroleum vehicle. However, as a
powers of the motor and vehicle structure parts separately. Vibra- methods for more number utilization of the traveler vehicles
tion produced from different sources like motor, street surface, essentially the little kinds of the vehicle fabricating the expense
tires, exhaust, and so on ought to be taken cautious in the plan is the principle factor to be considered by the clients and thus light
of a car body. These vibrations go through frameworks (body, drive weight material use and plan of motor with three chamber is sug-
train, suspension, and so on.) to the seats, guiding haggle zones gested which is utilized for at least 600 to 800 cc motor that will
where it is recognized by the human body in the vehicle [1]. Whole suite the little vehicles however it is effectiveness from the side
body vibration experienced all through voyaging is amazingly seen of the productive use for the working class clients the unbalancing
like a wellspring of distress. The seat examination is important to of the three chamber motor are quite confounded to be adjusted
know the trait of a seat and to plan the seat vibration regulator which builds the vibration and commotion inside the vehicle
for most significant interface among traveler’s and the vehicle. lodge. Automobile seat is the interface among vehicle and human
body. Whatever vibration are created by the vehicle or by streets,
they are moved to the human body however the seat. Henceforth
⇑ Corresponding author. it is important to comprehend its conduct towards vibration reac-
E-mail address: mprabhahar@gmail.com (M. Prabhahar). tion. Vibration investigation of a car seat is finished utilizing lim-

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.734
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Mechanical, Electronics and Computer Engineering 2020:
Materials Science.
M. Prabhahar, N. Lakshminarayanan, K.A. Muhammed et al. Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021) 6287–6291

Fig. 1. Car seat model structure with supports.

ited component examination (FEA) software’s. Investigation is

directed with the expectation of complimentary vibration by con-
sidering every segment independently. Just a crucial normal recur-
rence is considered in the examination of basic components [3].
The purpose of this assignment is to give an outstanding re-
authorized structure considering all the fundamental components
like pre-zeroed in on bodies, mode superposition, consonant
effects, repeat response, discretionary vibration approach, nonlin-
ear transient effects, and variable robustness and testing data. Con-
sequence of the assessment will evaluate the vibration levels
inside the arranged human body inside a vehicle without finishing
authentic useful testing and this examination will give the plan of
the entire system by interfacing all the module-wise assessments.
It will offer the novel response for include to the data the entire
structure as opposed to focusing just on an unquestionable piece
of the system, thusly, endeavouring to close the opening in present
mechanical domains and neglecting the repetitive and expensive
vibration testing procedures in the serious ventures [4]. The work
‘‘Low Frequency Vibration Analysis on Passenger Car Seat” was
done successfully to find the dynamic comfort of the voyager vehi-
cle seat under changing road scenes. A test plan for assessing the
vibration contagiousness of the voyager vehicle seat ceaselessly
condition has been made. Using the test approach, contagiousness
of the seat under demonstrated test conditions were recognized
and the association of contagiousness with road scene is found. Fig. 2. Meshing of the seat structure.
From the examination coordinated under unforgiving and smooth
road domain, it is found that the contagiousness will change with
respect to scene. ISO 2631 reasonably depicts the different vehicles
for their ride comfort. Ride comfort record decided from the accel- examination is to give a mathematical procedure, which surveys
erating regard has perceived the comfort of each vehicle in the the impact of the tire vibration characteristics and the adaptable
cruel and smooth region. Vehicle B was viewed as the most pleas- properties of suspension parts on the vibration direct of the
ant vehicle, regardless of the way that the rundown of vehicle B ‘‘tire-suspension-body” structure. The object of the examination
was upset in all test condition [5]. Taking into account exploratory is the parts of the suspension – stub-centre, upper and lower sus-
data gained from the Lublin III movement vehicle, we have played pension arms, strut bar, suspension bar and others. The suspension
out a vibration examination of the vehicle suspension system. Ver- is outfitted with pneumatic tires with different vibration charac-
tical speeding up on the left and right sides of the suspension teristics. Examination office tests are done. The tire contact fix is
structure were assessed. Preliminaries were done on three kinds irritated with symphonies force. The expanding speeds of the
of road surfaces: (a) dark top, (b) sett, and (c) railroad cross. The wheel rotate and unequivocal reasons for the suspension are
accelerating signals were breaking down using Fourier change, obtained. A mathematical model of the system is made by using
multistage entropy assessment and constant wavelet change. the Finite Element Method available in Solid Works Simulation
These systems reveal the characteristics of the vibration plans software [7,8]. The work is an undertaking towards considering
made by the diverse road surface profiles. Our results can be used dynamic ascribes of driver seat for comfort through objective
to assess the suitability of a vehicle suspension system under dif- appraisal. For target evaluation, two tests were driven; Seat Effec-
ferent road conditions [6]. An examination of a vibration leads of tive Amplitude Transmissibility (SEAT) test and Ride Comfort Index
a vehicle suspension in the repeat stretch out from 50 to 200 Hz. test under two particular conditions for instance vehicle level and
The vehicle has a twist spring suspension. The purpose of the seat level testing on Car ’An’ and Car ’B’. The two tests were done

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Table 1
Show the time domain and frequency domain value for various speeds.

S. Condition of the Time Domain Frequency Domain

No Engine speed in
Time Acceleration Frequency Acceleration
rpm
(s) (g) (Hz) (g)
1 Idling 13.699 0.046 21.97 0.009
2 1000 18.250 0.033 24.41 0.013
3 1500 2.800 0.034 36.62 0.0069

ulus, poisons ratio and the density are specified along with the
moment of inertia.
It is to be noted that the material considered here is the steel
alloy with has better life for the seat to be used. After the seat
model has been modelled the analysis part has been carried out
in the CATIA-V 5. It is recommended that this type of virtual testing
of the material component that is exposed to the forces and vibra-
Fig. 3. Vonmises stress with deformation.
tions are done in the software before going to the Condition which
reduces the cost of production for the testing purpose and the
model created is been meshed for the FEA analysis which can have
under controlled conditions [9,10]. To investigate the engine vibra- the finite elements here we have used the tetrahedron model
tion age causes and control its vibration power, Hilbert Huang shown in Fig. 2 which is equally and evenly meshed and the
change was grasped to separate the vibration indication of engine boundary conditions have been specified at the supporting sur-
chamber head in time-repeat space. As demonstrated by the assis- faces of the seat as arresting all the degrees of freedom.
tant credits and working instrument of engine, the vibration char- Initially the natural frequency of the seat has been found and
acteristics were discussed. The assessment results show that the can be checked with the values of the resonant frequency and to
vibration signal on a very basic level involves two kinds of parts. make sure that the natural frequency obtained is less than the res-
The higher repeat parts keep out of underhandedness with away onant frequency to avoid the damage to the structure.
from of non-fixed incidental and limited impact, and mainly
achieved by the scene of chamber gas weight and valve train tran-
sient impact rousing powers [11,12]. The lower repeat sections 3. Results and discussion
show the characteristics of repeat and enormity guideline, and
generally rise up out of the lethargy force and depiction of the The vibrations excited by the uneven roads are a major factor
engine moving parts. The higher repeat fragments accept a huge considered to be a disturbance in the occupants’ seats. This project
activity in the chamber head vibration signal [13]. is to design a model of a car seat and analyze the behavior due to
It is been identified that on the basis of cost reduction and usage road excitation forces caused as a result of road irregularities. The
of light weight materials used in the automotive vehicle manufac- analysis is to be carried over with the present design of a car seat
turing the issue of vibration has raised due to the unbalancing of and modifications in the frame and seat component are to be sug-
the engine and the structure design which the effect of the vibra- gested based on the results. The safety factor of the occupant with
tion has been transferred to the vehicle seat which disturbs the reference to the seat is also to be analyzed.
human comfort and causes the fatigue and in addition to the Normally the vibration characteristics of the such as the ampli-
engine disturbances the road disturbance is also one of the major tude, frequency will be calculated from two ways of the analysis
factor which influences the low frequency vibration due to the such as the time domain analysis and the frequency domain anal-
irregular road conditions and hence we are going to model the ysis by using the accelerometer attached to the place of vibrating
automotive car seat which is exposed to the vibration caused due location in the vehicle and in this work the location of the sensor
to the irregular road condition and the fea analysis has to be car- accelerometer shown in Fig. 1 has been place at two locations
ried out for the vibration and noise in the vehicle seat. where it is been assumed that maximum vibration may be felt
and it is observed from the time domain and frequency domain
analysis. Fig. 3 shows the vonmises stress. As the human solace
is at the front line in this car innovation the production of the
2. Model and analysis model of the seat and examination has been completed practically

The model has been created by using the modeling software

CATIA V5 which is one of the frequently used software in the auto- Table 2
Shows the displacement and Frequency.
motive industries to predict the various stress related and fre-
quency related behavior of the model virtually. And after the Displacement (in mm) Frequency (in Hz)
modelling the necessary material and boundary conditions are 0 0
declared and the required load and frequency is applied to see 0.0012 13.5
the deformation and the von-misses stress, frequency and ampli- 0.0024 26.9
tude behavior of the seat structure has been calculated. The values 0.0036 40.4
0.0048 67.4
have been tabulated along with the force and stresses applied to 0.0060 80.8
draw the graph 0.0072 94.3
The CATIA MODEL Fig. 1 of a three cylinder spark engine is been 0.0084 108
modelled considering the dimensions as specified in the standard 0.0096 121
0.0109 135
hatch back cars and the material properties like the young’s mod-
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Fig. 4. Variation of the amplitude Vs frequency.

by utilizing the CATIA V5 which gives the specific conduct of the

distortion because of the use of the heap and the vibrating powers
like the consonant and the arbitrary excitation has been applied
and once we have noticed the adequacy and the recurrence
The Table 1 shows the estimations of the time area and the
recurrence space esteems which shows the increasing speed Vs
the recurrence and quickening Vs the plenteousness for the
three-fundamental condition in the vehicle seat vibration and it
is seen that during the inert conditions the sufficiency esteems
and the recurrence esteems are similarly more when it is been con-
trasted with the running state of 1000 rpm and 1500 rpm. since
out of gear conditions the static powers are more and because of
the weighty vibration of the motor whose powers is been legiti-
mately communicated to the vehicle seat through the structure
and it is prescribed to join a damping material close to the motor
and the structure and still the decrease of the vibration and com-
motion isn’t that much diminished which will make the vibration
chiefly because of the unexpected effect of the street excitations
power.
Table 2 shows the classified estimations of the removal and
recurrence shows the basic low recurrence esteems is to be recog-
nized for the treatment of the vibration decrease which fall in the
Fig. 5. Displacement values. scope of < 200 Hz.

Fig. 6. Frequency variations.

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M. Prabhahar, N. Lakshminarayanan, K.A. Muhammed et al. Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021) 6287–6291

when contrasted with the motor excitation powers regularly it Declaration of Competing Interest
is a symphonious yet the street excitation power is an arbitrary
and caused more measure of the stun sway on the seat which upset The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
the solace of the travelers and it is prescribed to encourage come cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
hosing material close to the seat of the vehicle seat leg which to influence the work reported in this paper.
can retain the effect stack and ensure the traveler structure the
weariness in the Fig. 4 show that the inactive worth are more con- Acknowledgements
trasted with the 1000 rpm and 1500 rpm. Comparable the Fig. 5
that shows the displacement values which under the 0.0121 fre- The authors are wishes to thank the management of Aarupadai
quency. The dislodging esteems and Fig. 6 shows frequency vibra- Veedu Institute of Technology to permit them to do the alternative
tion the recurrence esteems and the basic low recurrence esteems fuel research inside the campus and encouraging them to do pub-
is to be recognized for the treatment of the vibration decrease lication in this journal.

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