Section B
1. Forest Ecology and Ethnobotany :
● Forest ecology - Biotic and aboitic components, forest eco-systems; forest community
concepts;
● vegetation concepts, ecological succession and climax, primary productivity, nutrient
cycling and water relations; physiology in stress environments (drought, water logging
salinity and alkalinity).
● Forest types in India, identification of species, composition and associations; dendrology,
taxonomic classification, principles and establishment of herbaria and arboreta.
Conservation of forest ecosystems.
● Clonal parks, Role of Ethnobotany in Indian Systems of Medicine; Ayurveda and Unani -
Introduction, nomenclature, habitat, distribution and botanical features of medicinal and
aromatic plants.
● Factors affecting action and toxicity of drug plants and their chemical constituents.
2. Forest Resources and Utilization :
● Environmentally sound forest harvesting practices; logging and extraction techniques
and principles, transportation system, storage and sale;
● Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) definition and scope; gums, resins, oleoresins,
fibres, oil seeds nuts, rubber, canes, bamboos, medicinal plants, charcoal, lac and
shellac, Katha and Bidi leaves, collection; processing and disposal.
● Need and importance of wood seasoning and preservation; general principles of
seasoning, air and kiln seasoning, solar dehumidification, steam heated and electrical
kilns.
● Composite wood; adhesives-manufacture, properties, uses, plywood
manufacture-properties, uses, fibre boards- manufacture properties, uses; particle
boards manufacture; properties uses.
● Present status of composite wood industry in India in future expansion plans. Pulp-paper
and rayon; present position of supply of raw material to industry, wood substitution,
utilization of plantation wood; problems and possibilities.
● Anatomical structure of wood, defects and abnormalities of wood, timber identification -
general principles.
3. Forest Protection & Wildlife Biology :
● Injuries to forest - abiotic and biotic, destructive agencies, insect-pests and disease,
effects of air pollution on forests and forest die back.
● Susceptibility of forests to damage, nature of damage, cause, prevention, protective
measures and benefits due to chemical and biological control.
● General forest protection against fire, equipment and methods, controlled use of fire,
economic and environmental costs; timber salvage operations after natural disasters.
● Role of afforestation and forest regeneration in absorption of CO2.
● Rotational and controlled grazing, different methods of control against grazing and
browsing animals;
● effect of wild animals on forest regeneration, human impacts; encroachment, poaching,
grazing, live fencing, theft, shifting cultivation and control.
4. Forest Economics and Legislation :
● Forest economics: fundamental principles, cost-benefit analyses; estimation of demand
and supply;
● analysis of trends in the national and international market and changes in production and
consumption patterns;
● assessment and projection of market structures;
● role of private sector and co-operatives;
● role of corporate financing
● Socio-economic analyses of forest productivity and attitudes;
● valuation of forest goods and service.
● Legislation-History of forest development; Indian Forest Policy of 1894, 1952 and 1990.
● National Forest Policy, 1988 of People's involvement, Joint Forest Management,
Involvement of women;
● Forestry Policies and issues related to land use, timber and non-timber products,
sustainable forest management; industrialization policies;
● institutional and structural changes. Decentralization and Forestry Public Administration.
● Forest laws, necessity; general principles, Indian Forest Act 1927; Forest Conservation
Act, 1980; Wildlife Protection Act 1972 and their amendments;
● Application of Indian Penal Code to Forestry. Scope and objectives of Forest inventory.
