SUBJECT: BLOOD BANKING AND SEROLOGY /IMMUNOLOGY

Another
TOPICS AND OUTCOMES Review review
MedCC1 students must be able to:
describe, apply and analyze the following

A. BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS

A.1. ABO Blood Group System
A.1.1. Describe ABO Blood group antigens and
antibodies, phenotypes and genotypes
A.1.2. Apply ABO blood typing using correct technique
and
A.1.3. Analyze laboratory data to identify ABO antigens
and antibodies
A.1.4. Assess discrepancies in ABO typing
A.2. Rh Blood Group System
A.2.1. Describe the characteristics of the Rh Blood group
antigens and antibodies
A.2.2. Apply Rh blood typing using standard updated
technique
A.2.3. Analyze test results and controls
A.3. Other Major Blood Group Systems
A.3.1. Describe the characteristics of the different
antigens of other major blood groups
systems
A.3.2. Discuss the characteristics and behavior of the
different antibodies of other major blood groups systems in
vivo and in vitro
A.4. Minor Blood Group System

A.4.1. Describe the characteristics of the

different antigens and antibodies of minor blood groups
systems
B. BLOOD PROCESSING

B.1. Blood Donor Screening, Selection, Collection, and

Donor Care

B.1.1. Determine the eligibility of the donor

 B.1.2. Assess the donor whether to continue or defer
blood or blood component donation
B.1.3. Describe proper phlebotomy technique for donor

B.1.4. Apply appropriate proper donor care

B.2. Blood preservation , banking and disposal
B.2.1. Describe the processes involved in the preservation
of blood
B.2.2. Apply the principles for proper storage and
disposal of blood .
B.2.3. Use the correct procedure for the safe transport of
blood and blood products
B.3. Blood Component Preparation and Therapy

B.3.1. Match the different blood components and

indication for use.

B.3.2. Choose the appropriate processes used in the

preparation of blood components
C. TRANSFUSION
C.1. Transfusion Reaction
C.1.1. Discuss the characteristics of transfusion reaction

C.1.2. Apply critical thinking skills in the investigation of the

cause of transfusion reaction
C.2. Transfusion transmitted Diseases
C.2.1. Describe the different transfusion transmitted
diseases
D. BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES
D.1. Compatibility testing

D.1.1. Apply the principle , procedure and appearance of

compatible and incompatible reactions in compatibility testing

D.1.2. Apply critical measure in solving problems in

compatibility testing
D.2. Antiglobulin Test
 D.2.1. Explain the principle and procedure in Direct
antiglobulin test (DAT) and Indirect
antiglobulin test ( IAT)
D.2.2. Apply DAT and IAT

D.2.3. Apply critical thinking skills in solving problems in

DAT and IAT
D.3. Antibody identification

D.3.1. Explain the principles and procedures involved in

the identification of antibodies
D.3.2. Analyze the reactions obtained and apply critical
thinking skills in identifying unknown antibody

E. HEMOLYTIC DISEASES
E.1. Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

E.1.1. Define Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and

Newborn (HDFN) and its characteristics

E.1.2. Distinguish ABO and Rh HDFN reactions in vivo

and in vitro

E.1.3. Apply critical thinking skills in solving problems

related to testing for HDFN

E.2. Auto immune Hemolytic Anemia and Drug Induced

Immune Hemolytic Anemia
E.2.1. Describe the different types of immune hemolytic
anemia

E.2.2. Differentiate the types of AIHA

F. IMMUNITY

F.1. Innate immunity

F.1.1. Explain the role of acute phase reactants in innate
response
F.1.2. Discuss the cellular defense mechanism of the
body and their importance
F.1.3. Use procedures for testing acute phase reactants
and correlate clinically
F.2. Humoral immunity (immunogens, immunoglobulins,
B cells)
F.2.1. Differentiate antigen from immunogen, antibody
from immunoglobulin
 F.2.2. Describe the different types of immunoglobulins

F.2.3. Apply the different antigen-antibody reactions

F.3. Cell mediated immunity

F.3.1. Describe cytokines and how they are produced

F.3.2. Differentiate the different cytokine families and their

importance
F.3.3. Use tests for cytokines and correlate results clinically

F.4. Complement System

F.4.1.Discuss complement pathways and their importance

F.4.2. Discuss the laboratory tests for quantitation of

complement components and reporting of results

G. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY
G.1. Histocompatibility Systems

G.1.1. Enumerate the histocompatibility antigens and their

importance in transplantation
G.2. Histocompatibility testing

G.2.1. Discuss the different principles and techniques used

for histocompatibility testing
H. SEROLOGIC TESTS
H.1. Bacterial infections and STD tests

H.1.1. Use tests to screen for bacterial infections and

sexually transmitted diseases.

H.1.2. Use tests to confirm for bacterial infection

H.1.3. Interpret the results generated
H.2. Viral infections tests

H.2.1. Use tests to screen for viral infection

H.2.2. Use serologic tests to confirm for viral infection

 H.2.3. Correlate the various serologic markers with their
diagnostic significance
H.3. Fungal infection Tests

H.3.1. Discuss laboratory testing for the identification of

fungal diseases

H.4. Parasitic infection Tests

H.4.1. Apply the techniques and the principles involved in

testing for parasitic infection

H.4.2. Interpret the results generated

H.5. Tumor Markers

H.5.1. Apply the procedures and the principles involved in

the tests for the identification and quantitation of tumor
markers

H.6. Immune disorders : Hypersensitivity, Auto immunity

, Immunodeficiency and immunoproliferative disorders

H.6.1. Determine the different types of hypersensitivity

H.6.2. Apply the procedures and principles involved in

tests for the identification and quantitation of antibodies
associated with immune disorders.

H.6.3. Interpret the results obtained

I. MOLECULAR TESTS
I.1. Molecular Techniques
I.1.1. Discuss the molecular tests used for the
identification of a disease

I.1.2. Apply the principles of molecular testing for

identification of the cause of a disease
I.1.3. Interpret results generated
J. QUALITY MANAGEMENT
J.1. Quality control

J.1.1. Analyze the results of quality control in the

performance of Immunohematology tests
 J.1.2. Analyze the results of quality control in the
performance of immunology tests
J.2. Quality assurance

J.2.1. Analyze the quality assurance indicators in the

Blood bank laboratory

J.2.2. Analyze the quality assurance indicators in

Immunology laboratory
J.3. Laboratory safety

J.3.1.Execute safety procedures as recommended by

authorized safety regulators

SUBJECT: HISTOPATHOLOGIC TECHNIQUES, MED TECH LAWS AND ETHICS

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES

The examinees can describe, apply and analyze the
following competencies under each topic:

A. HISTOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY

A.1. Terminologies
A.1.1. Define various terms used in Histology and general
Pathology
A.2. Etiology of disease
A.2.1. Discuss the basic concepts of causation of disease

A.3. Signs, symptoms and course of disease

A.3.1. Discuss the signs, symptoms and course of disease
A.4. Cellular and tissue changes (Cellular Injury and Tissue
Death, Cellular Adaptation)
A.4.1 Describe alterations in cellular injury, tissue death and
adaptation to changes
B. HISTOPATHOLOGIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES

B.1. Preservation and handling of specimen

B.1.1. Apply appropriate method of preservation with

consideration to the kind of specimen and processing to be
done
B.1.2. Prepare fixatives, their use, mode of action, advantages
and disadvantages and the factors affecting rate of fixation

B.1.3. Execute problem-solving techiniques related to

preservation and handling of specimens

B.2. Tissue processing and procedures

B.2.1. Apply manual routine techniques and the principles of
tissue processing, including reagents and equipment

B.2.2. Implement problem-solving techniques related to manual

tissue processing

B.2.3. Describe automated routine tissue processing

B.2.4. Differentiate automated with manual processing, its

advantages and disadvantages

B.2.5. Describe various special procedures ( frozen section,

microwave techniques, etc.) and their advantages and
disadvantages.
B.3. Staining

B.3.1. Apply routine techniques in staining of tissues and the

principles involved

B.3.2. Explain the principles, techniques and sources of error

involved in special tissue staining techniques used (including
Immunohistochemistry )

C. CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES

C.1. Preservation and handling of specimen
C.1.1. Discuss the various methods used in preservation of
cytological specimens
C.2. Processing

C.2.1. Apply manual procedure of processing cytological

specimens and explain the principles involved.

C.2.2. Discuss the principles and procedures involved in the

automated processing of cytology samples

C.2.3. Implement problem-solving techniques in situations

related to cytological procedures

C.3. Staining
C.3.1. Explain the principles, reagents, procedures and sources
of error involved in staining of cytological specimens

D. PRINCIPLES OF AUTOPSY
D.1. Terminologies

D.1.1. Define the basic terms used in autopsy

D.2. Handling, processing and documentation

D.2.1. Discuss the critical role, duties and responsibilities of an

autopsy assistant particularly handling, processing and
documentation during an autopsy

E. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

E.1. Quality Control

E.1.1. Discuss a quality management system in the
Histopathology laboratory
E.1.2 Apply QC procedures
E.2. Quality Assurance

E.2.1. Apply a system of quality assurance program

F. MT LAWS (RA 5527)

F.1. Licensure examination
F.1.1. Discuss provisions of the law related to the licensure
examination
F.2. Registration
F.2.1. Discuss relevant provisions of the law regarding entry to
the profession
F.3. Practice of the profession

F.3.1. Analyze issues on possible violations of RA 5527 with

reference to the duties and responsibilities of a medical
technology professional as defined by RA 5527

G. RELATED LATEST LAWS AND OTHER UPDATED LAWS

G.1. RA 11166, RA 9165, RA 9288

G.1.1. Discuss salient provisions of the HIV Law, Dangerous

Drugs Act, Newborn Screening and other laws relevant to the
practice of Medical Technology

G.2. RA7170, RA 10173 and RA 7719

G.2.1. Discuss salient provisions of the Organ Donation Act,

Data Privacy Act and Voluntary Blood Services Act relevant to
the practice of Medical Technology

G.3. RA 10912 and RA968

G.3.1. Assess how the CPD Act and PQF affect the road map of
the practice of Medical Technology

H. CODE OF ETHICS INCLUDING BIOETHICS

H.1. Principles of the Code of Ethics and Bioethics

H.1.1. Analyze cases based on ethical and bioethical principles

H.1.2. Explain the rights, privileges, duties, and responsibilities

of medical technologists/ medical laboratory scientists relevant to
the practice of the
profession

I. LABORATORY MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH

I.1. Laboratory Management
I.1.1. Apply the basic principles of management to laboratory
operations

I.1.2.Distinguish various laboratory organization set up

including manpower staffing, equipment and supplies as
necessary in different laboratory
I.1.3. Apply DOH rules and regulations pertinent to operation of
a laboratory facility

I.2. Research
I.2.1. Discuss the steps in conducting a scientific study to include
statistical analysis

SUBJECT: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES

The examinees can describe, apply and analyze the
following competencies under each topic:
A. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMPONENTS OF
LABORATORY TESTING
A.1. Sample management: Patient preparation, specimen
collection, labelling, and processing
A.1.1. Provide proper information and instruction to patients

A.1.2. Collect biological specimens properly and safely

A.1.3 Handle biological specimens properly and safely

A.1.4 Process biological specimens properly and safely

A.2. Analytic techniques (including C&MS, molecular),

automation, POCT, instrumentation and equipment use
(including calibration, preventive
maintenance)
 A.2.1. Explain principles/ concepts in analytic techniques and
instruments/equipment use
A2.2. APPLY procedures in maintaining functionality of
instruments and equipment (including routine system checks,
calibration and preventive maintenance)

A.3. Reagent preparation, use and storage and laboratory

mathematics
A.3.1. Carry out policies, processes, and procedures for
preparation, use, and storage of reagents and supplies

A.3.2. Use applicable laboratory mathematics (for making

dilutions and preparing solutions, and converting units of
measurements)

B. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND LABORATORY

SAFETY
B.1. Quality assurance (including quality control and lean
sigma)
B.1.1. Explain principles/ concepts in quality assurance
(including method evaluation and training of personnel)

B.1.2. Explain principles/ concepts in quality control (including

proficiency testing)
B.1.3. Carry out oral and written instruction on quality
assurance and quality control
B.1.4. Assess problems in quality control
B.1.5. Carry out process improvement initiatives
B.2. Laboratory safety
B.2.1. Explain principles/ concepts in laboratory safety
(including disposal of hazardous materials and accident
documentation and investigation)

B.2.2. Identify hazards in the laboratory

B.2.3. Classify hazards in the laboratory
B.2.4 Control hazards in the laboratory
C. METABOLIC BLOOD TESTS
C.1. Water balance and electrolytes

C.1.1. Explain the physiology and clinical significance of the

electrolytes
C.1.2. Use analytic techniques to assess electrolyte
concentrations
C.1.3. Correlate abnormal concentrations with disease states

C.2. NPN compounds and other metabolic intermediaries

and inorganic ions
C.2.1. Explain the biosynthesis and excretion of NPN compounds

C.2.2. Use commonly used methods for the determination of

the NPN compounds
C.2.3. Correlate increased and decreased concentrations with
major pathological conditions
C.3. Carbohydrates
C.3.1. Explain glucose metabolism
C.3.2. Explain regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
C.3.3. Use the analytic methods to assess patients
C.3.4. Correlate differential diagnosis of patients with glucose
metabolic alterations
C.4. Lipids and Lipoproteins
C.4.1. Explain lipoprotein physiology and metabolism
C.4.2. Use laboratory tests to assess lipids and lipoproteins

C.4.3. Describe the role of standardization in the measurement of

lipids and lipoproteins

C.4.4. Correlate lipid and lipoprotein values with assessment of

coronary heart disease
C.5. Specific proteins
C.5.1. Explain protein synthesis and catabolism
C.5.2. Describe the function and clinical significance of specific
proteins
C.5.3. Choose the appropriate methods used in analysis of
proteins
C.5.4. Correlate diagnosis of patients with abnormal serum
protein concentrations (including nonpathologic factors that
influence their
levels)
C.6. Liver function
C.6.1. Explain the functions of the liver (bile secretion, synthetic
activity, and detoxification)
C.6.2. Apply the appropriate liver function tests
C.6.3. Correlate liver function alterations with disease states

C.7. Clinical enzymology

C.7.1. Identify tissue source and class of enzymes
C.7.2. Apply the appropriate assays recognizing the different
factors affecting the rate of an enzymatic reaction

C.7.3. Correlate patient serum enzyme levels in relation to

disease states
D. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION FUNCTION TESTS
D.1. Sub-Topic: Thyroid function
D.1.1. Explain the biosynthesis, secretion, transport, and
action of the thyroid hormones
D.1.2. Determine the principles of thyroid function tests and the
appropriate laboratory thyroid function testing protocol

D.1.3. Correlate laboratory information with regard to

suspected thyroid disorders
D.2. Gonadal function
D.2.1. Identify hormone, secreting gland, and function
D.2.2 Correlate laboratory information with regard to gonadal
disorders
D.3. Pituitary and adrenal function
D.3.1. Identify hormone, secreting gland, and function
D.3.2. Apply tests in supporting diagnosis
D.3.3. Correlate laboratory information with regard to disease
states
D.4. Hormonal and organ system regulation of calcium
metabolism (including Vitamin D and PTH)
D.4.1. Describe the clinical significance of calcium homeostasis

E. DRUG TESTING, TOXICOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC

DRUG MONITORING
E.1. Substance of abuse
E.1.1. Identify major drugs of abuse and their effects
E.1.2. Carry out tests with consideration for toxicokinetics of
the elements
E.2. Toxicology (including alcohol)
E.2.1. Identify major toxicants and their effects
E.2.2. Carry out tests with consideration for toxicokinetics of
the elements
E.3. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
E.3.1. Identify the factors that influence serum drug
concentration
E.3.2. Carry out tests in serum drug concentration
F. Blood gas analysis
F.1. Blood gas
F.1.1. Explain the clinical significance of pH and blood gas
parameters
F.1.2. Differentiate respiratory/ non-respiratory alkalosis and
acidosis