Exploring The Spending Habits And Financial
Decisions Of Grade 12 Home Economics
Students Of Tayug
National High School
Year 2024-2025
A Research
Presented to the Faculty of the
Tayug, National High School
Senior High
Tayug, Pangasinan
In Partial Fulfillment
of the subject Practical Research 1
Magarro, Jhon Mark
Gaudia, Kyla Mae
Lagliba, Ivy
Llena, Queen Acel
Villanueva, Desiree
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
RATIONALE
The spending of the Habits and Decision –
making Of Grade 12 Home Economics Students at
Tayug National High School are essential to study
because they are at a turning point in their lives. At
the age, the students are Learning how to manage
money and make choices that will impact the Future.
Home Economics Subjects teaches skills like
budgeting, saving, and making smart financial
decision, but many students struggle with applying
this lesson in real life. This study aims to explore the
spending habits and financial decisions of Grade 12
Home Economics Students at Tayug National High
School for the School year 2024-2025. Home
Economics Classes teach students various life skills,
including managing household's budgets,
understanding the value of the money, and learn how
to make wise spending choices. However, not all
students may apply these lessons in their everyday
lives. With the increasing influence of social media,
peer pressure, and the availability of online shopping,
students today have access to more opportunities to
spend their money than ever before. This can lead to
both positive and negative financial decisions,
depending on how well they manage their money.
In Tayug National High School, many Grade 12
Students are likely dealing with different financial
responsibilities such as personal expenses, school-
related costs, and possibly helping their families.
Some might also have part-time jobs or receive
allowances from their parents. Understanding
how they spend their money and what influences
their decision can provide insight into their
financial literacy and preparedness for the future.
This Study is important because it can help
educators, parents, and even students themselves
understand the common spending habits of Grade 12
Students. By knowing how they handle their finances.
The school can enhance its Home Economics
curriculum to address gaps in financial knowledge or
guide students towards better Money management.
Additionally, this research could highlight the factors
that affect their financial decisions, such as peer
influence, personal goals, or family expectations.
Teenagers today are exposed to many different
influences when it comes to how they spend their
money. Social media, advertisement, and peer
pressure are all big factors that can shape their
decisions. Like example students might spend more
money on clothes, gadgets, or eating out just to keep
up with friends. Some might not realize impact or
these choices on their overall budget or long-term
financial stability.
On the other hand, there are also students who
may be more careful with their money. They might
prioritize saving for college, helping with family
expenses, or investing in things they truly need, like
school supplies. Their decisions may reflect a better
understanding of financial
responsibility, perhaps influenced by what they
learned in Home Economics or from their parents. It's
important to examine how these spending habits
differ among Grade 12 students, as this can show
how well they are prepared to handle money in the
real world. Financial management is critical life skill,
and studying the behavior of these students can
highlight whether they are making wise choices or
need more guidance. The lesson they learn now can
affect their future, as poor spending habits might lead
to problems like debt or financial stress when they
reach adulthood.
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
Education is a process of expediting learning
and acquiring knowledge, values, and virtue. It
contributes to the development of better people
around the globe. It is more of an enduring method in
which people gain information, skills, and ethics
However, access to quality education remains a
significant challenge for many individuals, particularly
those in rural areas and disadvantaged communities.
As students, understanding their spending
habits and financial decisions becomes increasingly
important. Grade 12 Home Economics students, in
particular, are at a watershed moment in their lives
as they transition from youth to maturity, confronted
with real-world financial responsibilities and
decisions. Financial literacy is more important than
ever in 2024, given the rising prices of schooling and
living expenditures, as well as the predominance of
consumer culture powered by technology and social
media.
Home Economics courses seek to teach
students practical life skills including budgeting,
saving, and investing. Despite this instruction, many
young adults continue to struggle with making
financial decisions. This study looks into the spending
habits and financial decisions of Grade 12 Home
Economics students, focusing on their attitudes about
money, the influence of peers and family, and the
role of technology in their financial behaviors.
Understanding these dynamics allows educators to
better support children in building strong financial
literacy abilities that will benefit them throughout
their life. Finally, the goal of this study is to provide
vital insights about today's youth's financial
behaviors, contributing to the ongoing discussion
about strengthening financial education in schools.
Since 2016, educational research has focused
on the value of financial literacy. According to the
National Endowment for Financial Education (NEFE,
2016), many teenagers lack the skills required to
effectively handle their finances, emphasizing the
critical need for improved financial education in
schools. Lusardi and Mitchell (2014) also underline
the link between financial literacy and better financial
decisions, implying that students who obtain
comprehensive financial education are more likely to
engage in positive financial behaviors.
In recent years, there has been an increased
focus on the use of technology in financial decision-
making. Holt (2020) explores how financial
technology, like as budgeting applications and
internet banking, has changed the way young people
handle their money. While these tools can help
students make more informed decisions, they can
also encourage impulsivity and expenditure.
Understanding how Grade 12 students use these
technology is critical to assessing their overall
influence on financial literacy.
This study intends to investigate the spending
habits and financial decisions of Grade 12 Home
Economics students, with a focus on many critical
factors. First, it investigates students' attitudes
regarding money and how these influence their
financial decisions. Positive attitudes regarding saving
and investing can lead to healthier financial habits,
whereas unfavorable opinions might result in
impulsive spending and financial despair.
Students and family have a huge influence on
financial habits. Adolescents are especially
susceptible to peer pressure, which can influence
their spending habits and financial priorities.
Understanding how social dynamics influence
financial decision-making will provide insight into the
obstacles that students confront as they embark on
their financial journeys.
Developing and maintaining healthy spending
habits can greatly impact your financial future.
Overspending can lead to a lack of available funds
when the unexpected occurs. Developing a spending
plan helps you to understand what monetary
resources are available to you as well as your
expected expenses.
This study aims to provide useful information
about the financial behaviors of Grade 12 Home
Economics students in 2024. By investigating their
spending habits, financial decisions, and the
numerous variables that impact these behaviors, the
study hopes to add to the ongoing debate about
strengthening financial education in schools. Finally,
the findings will provide practical recommendations
for educators and politicians to improve financial
literacy initiatives, ensuring that kids are better
prepared to negotiate the intricacies of their future
financial lives.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
General Question:
1. How important is
money to Grade 12 Identify the
students? Students
2. How often Grade A quantitative awareness of
12 students spend Research their spending
money on design in habits and
entertainment, such descriptive financial
as movies or video method decisions
games? interview guide
3. Do Grade 12 question.
students think they
are good at
managing their own
money?
Specific Question:
1. How much of their
monthly income do
Grade 12 students
typically spend on
food or snacks?
2. Grade 12 students
compare prices
before making a
purchase, or do they
buy the first option
they see?
3. Are Grade 12
students more likely
to save for a big
purchase, or do they
tend to buy things
impulsively?
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
As a Grade 12 Technical Vocational Livelihood
Education, Home Economics students transition form
high school to post-secondary education or the
workforce, they face critical financial decisions that
will shape their economic futures.
The study focused on Exploring the spending
habits and financial decisions of Grade 12 Home
Economics students at Tayug National High School,
School Year 2024-2025. Specifically, it aims to answer
the following questions:
1. How important is money to GRADE 12 Students?
2. How often do GRADE 12 students spend money on
entertainment, like movies or video games?
3. Do GRADE 12 students think they are good at
managing their money?
4. How much of their monthly income GRADE 12
students typically spend on food or snacks?
5. Do GRADE 12 students compare prices before
buying something, or do they buy the first option they
see?
6. Are GRADE 12 students more likely to save for a
big purchase, or do they buy things impulsively?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research project. Focus on exploring the
spending habits and financial decision of Grade 12
students, holds immense significance for a
multitude of stakeholders, impacting not only the
immediate future of theses graduating students but
also contributing to a broader understanding of
financial literacy and its implications for society as
a whole. The study’s findings will provide a rich
tapestry of sights, offering valuable information for
students themselves, educators, parents,
financial institutions, policy makers, and future
researchers.
Students:
The study’s primary beneficiaries are the Grade
12 Students themselves. By delving into their
spending habits and financial decision-making
processes, the research will provide them with a
unique opportunity for self-reflection and growth.
Financial Awareness: The study will act as a mirror,
reflecting the current state of financial knowledge and
awareness among G12 students. This will highlight
areas where they may need further
education and guidance, fostering a deeper
understanding of financial concepts and principles.
Informed Decision-Making: The research will equip
students with tools to analyze their own spending
patterns and identify potential areas for
improvement. By understanding of financial habits,
such as budgeting, saving, and investing, setting the
stage for a more secure financial true.
Preparation For Adulthood: Transitioning from high
school to adulthood is a significance step, marked by
increased financial responsibilities. This study will
provide students with valuable insights into the
financial realities of adulthood, enabling them to
make informed decision about managing their
finances, navigating debt, and planning for their
future.
Guiding Educators And Parents:
Educators and parents play crucial roles in
shaping the financial literacy of young adults. This
research will provide them with a deeper
understanding of the financial challenges faced by
G12 students, empowering them to offer more
effective guidance and support.
Curriculum Development: The study’s findings will
serve as a valuable resources for educators,
informing the development of more effective financial
literacy programs and curriculum materials tailored to
the specific education is relevant, engaging, and
aligned with the real-world financial challenges they
face.
Guidance and Support: By understanding the financial
decision-making processes of G12 students,
educators and parents can provide more targeted
guidance and support, addressing individual needs
and helping students navigate the complexities of
managing their finances. This can involve providing
personalized advice, facilitating workshops, and
fostering open communication about financial
manners.
Financial Institution and Policies:
Financial institutions and policymakers are key
stakeholders in promoting financial literacy and
responsible financial decision-making. This research
will provide them with valuable insights into the
financial behaviors of G12 students, informing the
development of more effective policies.
Policy Formulation: The research will provide valuable
data for policy makers, informing the development of
policies aimed at promoting financial literacy and
responsible financial decision-making among young
adults. This could involved implementing financial
education mandates in schools, promoting financial
literacy initiatives, and creating policies that
encourage responsible financial practices among
young adults.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study focus on Exploring the spending
habits and financial decisions of Grade12 Home
Economics students at Tayug National High School
year 2024-2025.
Understanding the spending habits and
financial decisions of Grade 12 students is critical as
they stand on the edge of adulthood, facing important
financial choices that will shape their future. This
research seeks to delve into the financial behaviors of
these students within a specific educational context,
aiming to provide insights that can inform educational
strategies and parental guidance.
The scope of this study is centered on Grade 12
Home Economics students in Tayug National High
School, focusing on their income sources, spending
patterns, and savings behaviors. By concentrating on
this specific demographic, these research aims to
capture the unique financial challenges and
opportunities faced by students at this changing
stage of life. Income sources will be a key area of
focus, with the study examining allowances, part-time
jobs, and gifts. Understanding how students generate
their income is essential for examining their spending
behaviors. Data will be collected through surveys and
interviews, such as budgeting, saving practices, and
spending priorities, particularly in relation to
educational expenses and leisure activities.
Moreover, the research will investigate the
influence on student’s financial decisions. Factors
such as a parental guidance, peer influence, and the
impact of media and marketing will be explored. The
role of parents in shaping the children’s attitude
toward money is particularly significant,as is the
influence of peers, who can affect spending habits
through social pressure. Also the study will examine
how advertisements and social media contribute to
student’s perceptions of financial choices and
consumer culture. The research will focuses on
financial behaviors, and it will not extensively explore
non-financial factors, such as emotional or social
pressures, which could also play a significant role in
shaping spending decisions.
To gather comprehensive data, a mixed-method
approach will be employed, combining quantitative
surveys and qualitative interviews. Surveys will
provide statistical data regarding spending habits,
while interviews will yield deeper insights into
student’s thought processes and decision-making
strategies. This methodological diversity aims to
create a well-rounded understanding of the financial
behaviors of Grade 12 Home Economics students.
This study seeks to investigate the impact of
various influences, such as family background,
socioeconomic status,peer relationships, and
educational resources, on how students manage their
finances. So by addressing these issue, it provides us
valuable insights that could inform educational
initiatives, parental guidance, and policy making,
ultimately fostering a generation of financially saving
of individuals who are equipped to make informed. It
aims to identify the key factors influencing their
financial choices, analyze their spending, and assess
their level of financial literacy. Also this research aims
to delve into the attitudes and behaviors surrounding
budgeting, saving, and the use of credit, as well as
student’s awareness of the implications of their
financial decisions. Through exploring these
dimensions, the study endeavors to illuminate the
complexities of financial decision-making among
Grade 12 students and provide insights that could
guide the development of effective financial
education programs. Ultimately, understanding these
dynamics is crucial for fostering a generation of
financially responsible individuals prepared to
navigate the challenges of exploring the spending
habits and financial decisions of Grade 12 home
economics.
By investigating the interplay between these
factors, seeking to identify specific spending patterns,
decision-making processes, and the underlying
motivations that drive financial behavior among
Grade 12 Home Economics students these elements
seeks to uncover the challenges students may face in
managing their influences, the effectiveness of
current financial education initiatives, and the
potential gaps that need to be addressed. The
findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of
how to equip students with the necessary skills and
knowledge to navigate their financial futures
succesfully.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
"In Partial Fulfillment of the subject Practical Research"-
typically appears at the beginning of a research paper or
project, indicating that the work is being submitted to meet
some of the requirements of a course on practical
research.The student is submitting this research as evidence
of their practical work in the subject.
Concentrating-Concentration is a critical skill in various
contexts, from studying and problem-solving to performing a
complex task or engaging in creative work. It allows
individuals to process information more deeply, retain
knowledge more effectively, and improve overall productivity.
Comprehensive-In practical terms, to create something
comprehensive often requires significant effort, attention to
detail, and a commitment to exploring all aspects of a topic.
This could involve research, critical thinking, and synthesis of
diverse sources or ideas to ensure completeness and
accuracy. A comprehensive approach is usually contrasted
with a superficial or partial one, where only some elements
are addressed, leaving gaps in understanding or execution.
Socioeconomic-Furthermore, socioeconomic factors are
deeply interconnected and can create cycles of advantage or
disadvantage. For instance, people born into wealthier
families often have access to better education, healthcare,
and social networks, which in turn increase their chances of
economic success.
Underlying- the term “underlying” might refer to the
fundamental economic conditions that influence markets or
trends. For example, while stock prices might fluctuate daily
due to short-term market sentiment or external events, the
underlying economic conditions—such as employment rates,
consumer confidence.
Perhaps-The use of “perhaps” can also soften
statements, making them less assertive or confrontational.
For instance, instead of saying, “You made a mistake,” which
is direct and potentially accusatory, one might say, “Perhaps
you made a mistake,” to introduce the possibility of an error
without implying blame or certainty.
Immense-The word “immense” can also capture the
idea of boundless potential or limitless possibility. For
example, a motivational speaker might refer to the “immense
potential” of a group of people, suggesting that their
capabilities or future achievements could be incredibly vast if
they are fully realized.
Delving-A person might delve into their own emotions,
thoughts, or experiences in an attempt to better understand
themselves, their motivations, or the reasons behind certain
feelings or behaviors.
Stakeholders-The importance of stakeholders in project
management and corporate governance has led to the
development of stakeholder analysis and stakeholder
management strategies.
Confronted- This term encapsulates the idea of
standing up to or encountering something directly, often
involving courage, assertiveness, or the necessity to make
tough decisions in order to move forward.
Predominance- Is not always limited to physical or
numerical superiority. It can also refer to intellectual, cultural,
or moral authority.
Impulsivity- It involves a lack of self-control or restraint
in the face of immediate gratification, often leading to actions
that are spontaneous, risky, or not well thought out.
Monetary- The term often comes up in discussions
about financial policies, economics, and transactions, as it
deals with the mechanisms that govern the flow and use of
money in both personal and broader economic contexts.
