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Shilpa Sablok Bhardwaj
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 PART-A
in

Employability Skills
10 Marks

Units
1. Communication Skills-II

2. Self-management Skills-I

3. Basic ICT Skills-II

4. Entrepreneurial Skills-|1|
5. Green Skills-II

a --
 CONTENTS
PARTA-EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

Unit 1: Communication Skills-II

1Methods of Communication 2-10

Communication Cycle 11 1 9
2 The Significance of Feedback in
Communication 20 28
3 Measures to Overcome Barriers in
29-36
4 The Principles of Communication
37-53
5 Basic Writing Skills
Unit 2: Self-Management Skills -|I
54-61
1Stress Management Techniques
62-69
2 The Importance of Working Independently

Unit 3: Basic ICT Skills-II

70-96
Operating System
97-110
Caring for your Comput
Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills-II

Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneur 111-121

1 a

Unit 5: Green Skills-II

122-132
Sustainable Development
 PART B-VOCATIONAL SKILLS

Digital Documentation (Advanced) 2-39

Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced) 40-70
3Database Management System 71-127
4Web Applications and Security 128-191
PARTC PRACTICAL

Lab Exercises 192-199

 Summary
Communication is the most important life skill which plays a vital role in shaping our personal
professional lives.
The main methods of communication are: Verbal, Non-verbal and Visual communication.
The Verbal communication is done orally or as a piece of writing. It can be further divided
communication and writen communication. divided into.G
The non-verbal communication is done between two or more persons through the use of body ln
focial expressions, postures and gestures.
In the Visual communication, the ideas and information
lang
are shared with the help of
images, d
drawings, animations, illustrations, symbols, etc.
The Oral communication includes face-to-face talks, telephonic conversations, speech, videos, rodia
television. Here ideas are expressed through word of mouth and there is a speaker to
convey the id
Pitch, volume and clarily of speech make oral communication effective. decs
In the written communication, messages are printed or handwritten. It includes memos,
reports
descripfions and emails, etc.
Vocabulary, writing style, precision, clarity of language and arrangement of words are the most
components of effective written communication. importh
The visual communication becomes more efective when accompanied by oral communication.

TRUBLESHOOT
Solved Exercises
Objective Type Questions
1. Tick the correct option.
a. Inwhich of the following
the appearance and communications, b. Inwhich of
the following communications,
a vital role?
body language plays do we get an instant
i. Visual communication
feedback?
i. Visual communication
ii. Written communication
i. Written communication
ii. Verbal communication
iv. Non-verbal communication ii. Oral communication
iv. Non-verbal communication
6 Information Technology 10
(Part-A)
 C. To be a more effective communicator, which e. Inwhich of the following
of the following must be focussed on? communications,
do we not use words?
i. Audience ii. Content
iv. All of these . Non-verbal communication
ili. Body language
d. On what does the interpretation of a i. Visual communication
message depend? ii. Written communication
. Feedback li. Receiver iv. All of these
ii. Content iv. Communicator

Ans. a iv b. ii iv d e. i

2. Answer the following as TRUE or FALSE. C. Frequent blinking of eyes and rubbing
a. In the written communication, the of hands show confidence of the
written signs or symbols are used to communicator.
convey the message. d. Records can be maintained in the visual
communication.
b. People get easily influenced by written
e. If the information is processed quickly,
communication.
we can take quick decisions.
Ans. a. True b. False c. False d. True e. True

3. Fill in the blanks.

a. The interview is an example of d. Visual communication is the transmission
*** Communication. of ideas and informations with the help
b. The objective of a conversation is to make of.
people understand what we are. e. In the business world,the.. *** *****

C. We do not get instant feedback in the communication is commonly used.

** COmmunication.

Ans. a. verbal b. trying to convey C. written communication d. symbols, imagery e. visual

Short Answer Type Questions 3. What are the benefits of written

communication?
1. Enlistfouradvantagesoforal communication. Ans. The benefits of written communication are
Ans. The four advantages of oral communication as follows.
are as follows. The sender gets more time to frame the
We get quick feedback and able to know message.
Records can be maintained for future
whether the communication was effective
reference.
or not.
The receiver gets more time to fully
I t saves time as it does not require any understand the message as he/she can go
preparation and is spontaneous. through the message again, if required.
I t is a two-way communication, therefore The message can be checked and edited
the scope of clarification is there. Doubts before sending it.
or misunderstandings can be clarified on 4. List any four disadvantages of visual
the spot. communication.
I t is more reliable as it is first-hand Ans. The four disadvantages of visual
information. communication are as follows.
2. What do you understand by non-verbal I t is expensive.
All the information cannot be expressed
communication? through a single visual aid.
Ans. The communication in which the facial I t is moretime-consuming.
expressions, body language, gestures, tone It becomes effective only when
and pitch of voice are used to express ideas accompanied by oral communication.
or give information is known as non-verbal Everybody is not capable enough to
communication. interpret only through visuals.

Methods of Communication 7
 S. According to you which method of typography, signs, etc., are
are used to
commanication will be more effective if the message. It reinforces
one has to give a presentation to a group of methods of communication,writteen i
students and wny? 2. Differentiate between oral
and
Ans. To give a presentation to a group, the communication.
combination of oral and visual communication Ans. Oral communication
wil be more effective. The oral communication I n this
becomes more effective when accompanied by
communication, spoker
ken
are used. It includes
visual aids. The pictures, graphs and diagrams
make a presentation more interesting and
communication,
conversations, video,
speech, taelce-tepht o
effective, and this can be represented only radio, tele
voice over, etc.
through visual aids. Explanation becomes
.This form of communication is
easy with the help of visual communication. used ha
formal and casual conversations both
Long Answer Type Questions .It brings quick feedback. It is
facet
1. Briefly discuss the various methods
and thus more reliable. face-toto
communication.
of I t is a two-way communication.
The eo
of clarification is more.
Ans. The various methods of communication are
as follows. Written communication
I n this communication, the written
Verbal communication: It includes the usage signs
of words to deliver the message/information. symbols are used to convey the messag
The message can be printed or
t can be face-to-face, phone or in group
on
It
handwrite
includese-mails, letters, reports,
settings, etc. The two main types of verbal memo
communication are: sms, etc.

.Written communication: In this, the It is the most common form

message is conveyed by using the written communication in business.
symbols. t includes proposals, press I t gives enough time to the sender to frame
releases, memos,contracts, brochures, the message. The messages can be
handbooks, etc. The effectiveness of edite
and revised and corrections can be made
written communication depends upon many times before it is published.
the style of writing, vocabulary,
grammar, I t enables the receiver to understand fully
precision and clarity.
Oral communication:
interpret and send appropriate feedback.
In this, the 3. Which are the various
spoken words are used to convey the elementsof
message. t includes phone, face-to-tace Non-verbal communication?
communication, videoconferencing, voice Ans, The various elements of Non-verbal
chat, etc. It is used for both formal and communication are as follows.
casual conversations. The
effectiveness Appearance: The speaker's clothing, hairstyle.
of oral communication
depends upon the neatness, use of cosmetics, and environment
speed, volume, pitch, voice modulation, which include room, size,
clarity of speech, etc. and furnishing, all lighting, decoration
Non-verbal communication: It is have a great impact on
a non-verbal communication. For
communication where wordless example, we
messages may notice a polite and
are sent or received. In
this, the body at the
agile lady/gentleman
language, body posture, facial expressions, serene, well-lit and clean reception
area of a hotel.
eye contact, gestures like
of voice, the
pointed finger, tone Body Language: To be more
way we sit and stand are used
to convey the
message to the person with communicators, we need
effecu
align our to
whom we are
communicating. 1anguage and tone with the words weooare
Visual communication: It is the method trying to convey. Research shows that wne"
of communication an individual lies, he/she
where visual
illustrations, graphic designs, aids like blink
frequently,
shift the body
is more likely
drawings, weight fro
8Information Technology 10 (Part-A) one leg to the other and
shrug.
 OO
CHPTER
The Significance of Feedback
| 02 in Communication Cycle
DASHBOARD

from a
Communication is an act of conveying messages
to another person or group through mutually PioPL
person or group
symbols or semiotic rules.
COMMUNICATION

understood signs,
is derived from the Latin word
communication
The word cOnNiCTion

to share, to participate. It is a
communis which means to impart,
ideas or opinions CHAS

which people exchange facts, TALK

process through
DiscUssio

with one another

in building relationships and promotes
Communication adds meaning to human life. It helps
It enriches our knowledge
of the universe and makes living
love and understanding. human beings are born with the
Communication is a skill to be learned. Though
worthwhile. skill of
make efforts to develop and refine the complex
special
ability to talk but one has to
communication.

COMMUNICATION CYCLE
Communication has been defined as the act of giving,
receiving or
and opinions so that the message
is
leoi.
exchanging information, ideas the sender and
completely understood by both the involved parties:
the receiver.
of communication involvessender, message,
the
The process
decoding and feedback.
encoding, communication channel, receiver,
around its two major components:
The communication cycle revolves Fig. 1 Communication
the receiver. The transmission of sender's ideas to the
the sender and
or reaction to the sender
forms the communication cycle.
receiver and the receiver's feedback a fact, idea, opinion or
when the sender wants to convey
The process of communication starts to the
receiver). This fact, idea or opinion has a meaning
other information to someone (the which reflects the idea, which is
is converting the message into a language
sender. The next step the familiarity
is influenced by content of the message,
known as encoding. The encoding process or transmitted
After the message has been encoded, it is conveyed
of sender and receiver, etc. it is decoded by the
or medium.
When the message is received,
channel message has
through an appropriate confirmation about the particular
sender as the
receiver who gives feedback to the
been carefully understood or not. elements of society. It is
the basis of human
interaction.
fundamental messages
Communication is one of the and understanding
how the system of conveying
Communication cycle explains
the information
operates. the exchange to be complete,
process. For the sender can
knoww
Communication is an exchange
started (the sender), so that feedback.
where it has known as
must go back from The response of the receiver is
the response of the
receiver. of misunderstandings
there is a possibility
in the entire process
of communication, Conimunication Cycle 11
Significance of Feedback
The in
 The process of communication involves the sender, message,
encoding, commun
communication
decoding and feedback.
receiver, and understanding messo
Communication cycle explains
how the system ofconveying
about an action, event, or prorep
evaluative information
of
they orethey
h
Feedback is the transmission are in what
know how eftective they
or controlling source. It
is a way to let people h
achieve, or how they intluence you.
or behaviour.
when an environment reacts to an action
Feedback occurs

Efectivefeedback, both positive and negative, is very can beFeedback

useful. ivates to pertorm
motivates to s

used to build better worle

Feedbock from clients, suppliers, vendors, and stakeholders better working re
and improve standards.
in the written or verbal form which engbla.
Descriptive feedback is unambiguous information, ond
the learner understand what she or he needs to do in order to improve.
Oral feedback is provided verbally. It is accompanied with interaction between feedback
gve
receiver.
Written feedback is done through writing instead of speaking
information on what the person did well
Specific feedback provides detailed and particular or

Non-specific feedback is usually not very helpful for

the receiver as it creates the impression d
have not thought indepth about their work.

TROUBLESHOOT
Solved Exercises
Objective Type Questions
1. Tick () the correct option.
about ii. None of these
a. Which of the following statements
the communication is incorrect? iv. Both of these
i. Communication is a learned skill. d. Which of the following types of feedba
ii. Communication helps in building provides detailed and particua
information to the sender?
relationship and promotes love and
understanding. i. Non-specific feedback
ii. The process of communication involves
i. Written feedback
only the sender and receiver.
ii. Oral feedback
iv. None of these
iv. Specific feedback
b. What is feedback?
i. The response of the sender.
e. Which of the following things should
kept in mind while giving feedback?
ii. The response of the receiver.
i. Keep the feedback constructie
i. The output of the sent message.
positive and concise.
iv. All of these I1. Provide strategies that will help
C. Who is the receiver in the process off
figuring out how to improve.
communication?
ii. Both of these
i. The person who sends the message.
iv. None of these
i. The person who receives the message

Ans. a. ii b. ii d. iv e. ii
16 Information Technology 10 (Part-A)|
 2. Answer the following as TRUE or FALSE.
a. The communication cycle revolves C. The message sent by the sender is known
around its two major components: the as feedback.
sender and channel.
d. The feedback can be used to make better
b. Communication cycle explains how
system of conveying and understanding informed decisions.
messages operates.

Ans. a. False b. True C False d. True

blanks.
3. Fill in the
a. Communication is an act of conveying C. The person or entity to which the message
understood is sent is known as the.. *******.

messages through mutually

d. One must avoid giving. *************************

e** ****** comments in feedback.

b. Communication cycle revolves around two e. The response of the receiver is known as

major components:..
******* **************
*************°***********

b. the sender and the receiver C. receiver

Ans. a. signs, symbols or semiotic rules
d. personal e. feedback

Short Answer Type Questions Long Answer Type Questions

1. Why is feedback important?
1. Define communication. Ans. The feedback is important because of the
Ans. Communication has been defined as the following reasons.
act of giving, receiving
or exchanging8 Feedback is powerful as it helps people
get on track. It serves as a guide to assist
information, ideas and opinions so that the
people to know how they and others
message is completely understood by both perceive their performance.
the involved parties: the sender and receiver Feedback can also be very motivating
2. What is feedback? and energising. It has strong links to
Ans. Feedback is the transmission of evaluative employee satisfaction and productivity.
t improves the and
connectivity
information about an action, event, or
belongingness. People like to feel
process to the original or controlling source. involved and identified with their
It is a way to let people know how effective organisation. People feel important and
they are in what they are trying to achieve, or worthy when asked to give feedback as it
gives importance to their opinion.
how they influence us.
It makes us self aware. Self awareness
3. Briefly discuss the role of the sender in the and monitoring provide a good platformn
communication cycle. but feedback from others informs us in
Ans. The sender or the communicator creates the ways that enriches our self knowledge.
Feedback motivates to perform better.
message and initiates the communication.
Feedback from clients, suppliers,
4. Differentiate between Specific and vendors, and stakeholders can be used
Non-specific communication. to build better working relations and
Ans. Specific feedback: It provides detailed and improve standards. It helps formulate
better decisions to improve and increase
particular information on what the person
performance.
did well or poorly. Feedback is an important tool for
continued learning. It is important across
Non-specific feedback: It is very general, such
as 'good job' or 'you did great' It is usually an entire organisation in order to remain

not very helpful for receiver as it creates the

aligned to goals, create strategies,
services
develop products and improve
impression that the feedback giver has not and relationships. Continued learning is

thought in-depth about their work. the key to improving.

The Significance ofFeedback in Communication Cycle 17

 due to probiems in idens,
Regrat Feel sory speech sounds and
Humour
The quality of being amusing how they relate to lemers oine
or comic words (decoding)
character and A word
Ambience
The > Colloquialism or
phrase hat
atmosphere of a ploce not form or literary and
Severe and sudden or having used in ordinary or fom
Drastically
very noticeable effects conversation milic

Courteous
Polite and kind Jargons Special words or expressions
used by a protession or gro
The quality of being open to
Ambiguity more than one interpretation
that are dificult for others
understand
Shriliness The quality of being loud An act of accepting something
and high, and unpleasant or> Embrace willingly or enthusiastically
painful to listen to
Related
A learning disorder that Relevant
Dyslexia
involves difficuly reading Boredom Dullness, monotony

Summary us in all aspects of life.

Communication is a vital life skill and developing it can benefit
well developed the communication system is;
obstacles
I t does not matter how good, well formed and
communication system.
that hamper its effectiveness do occur within the
distort the message
barriers. These barriers can block, filter,
or
The process of communication has many
well decoded and received.
when it is
as it is encoded and sent, as as

the effectiveness of communication.

Language is one of the main barriers that limits and hampers
be barriers to effective communication.
There are various mental and psychological issues also that may

person determines
the comfort and e a s e with which they can

The Emotional Quotient (EQ) of a mature will be able to communicate more effectively.
communicate. A person who is emotionally
the most obvious barriers to effective
noise, environment, surroundings, etc.,
are
Physical barriers such as

communication.

consideration while communicating.

We must take different cultures into
like ego and inconsiderate behaviour can also cause severe strains in communication
Atitude issues
channels.
Same message can be interpreted differently by diferent people. Different people perceive the same
things differenty.
Certain disorders or diseases or other physical limitations may also hamper the effectiveness of
communication between various channels.
Sometimes technological advancement may become a barrier.
Stereolyping causes us to epitomise, or symbolise a person, a group, oan event or a thing on oversimplified
ideas, beliefs, or opinions. People who are prejudiced have difficulty in performing to the best of theif
ability.
To overcome the barriers in effective communication, one must focus on clear
down one's pronunciation and slowing
speech, have a positive attitude about communication ond carefully choose the form and
channe! of communication.
24 Information Technology 10
(Part-A)
 TRUBLESHOOT
Solved Exercises
Objective Type Questions

correct option.
1.Tick() the statements about ii. Both iand i
a. Which of the following
communication is incorrect? iv. None of these
Communication skill is the most C.Which of the foliowing is an
i. exampiee of
characteristic of an ideal psychologcal barrier to communication?
important
i. Foreign language
job.
is required in every i. Stress and anxiety
i. Communication
sphere of life. ii. Stereotyping
Communication is an inherited trait iv. Dyslexia
ii.
and cannot be developed. d. Which of the folowing acts as a physical
iv. Communication skills are very barrier to communication?
of
important for overall development i Loud music
a human being. ii. Huge gathering in small area
may make iv. None of these
b. Which of the following things i. Both of these
the entire process of communication e. Which of the foliowing situation can
futile? impede the process of communication?
i. Noise and distraction i. Unwell sender or receiver
the message
i. Wrong interpretation of i. Loud music
and faulty channel/medium. ii. Faulty channel iv. All of these

. ii C.ii d. ii e. iv
Ans. a. ii

2. Answer the following as TRUE or FALSE.

barriers d. It is the responsibility of the sender to

a. One can easily overcome all the
ensure that the message reaches the
of communication.
receivers in the language that they
b. Barriers lead to a condition of
understand.
misunderstanding and will make the
entire process of communication futile. e. Same message can be interpreted

C. Barriers can block, filter or distort the differently by different people.

message only at the encoding stage.
Ans. a. False b. True c. False d. True e. True

3. Fill in the blanks.

a. Aslongas both the receiverand the sender C. Same message can be interpreted
speak, write, read and understand the . by different people.
same language, there is. .
d. One must avoid the use of local
b. A perfect blend of is
necessary for effective communication. . are enough to override
anxiety.
Ans. direct
a.
communication b. emotions and facts C. differently
d.
colloquialisms and jargons e.
simple relaxation techniques

Measures to Overcome Bariers in Communication 25

 Short Answer Type Questions Long Answer Type Questions
1. Discuss language and attitude
1. Why is it important to study the process of
to communication
as
the babarn
the
communication?,
barrier to
Ans. Communication is a vital life

developing it can benefit us in all aspects of

skill and Ans. Language as a

Language is one of the main bari

comm
municab
limits and hampers the effectiven
life, both professional and social. Moreover,
communication. It is the most imo
good communication skills are very important
tool of communication. Almost eva
for overall development and success.
or region in the world has its own
very
2. How do the barriers to communication language or dialect which mav
affect the process of communication? communication ineffective. Evenin
Ans. Barriers can damage the clarity and the locality, different people will have dife
asan
iffere
linguistic skills. As a result, thecommunic
meaning of the message. The intended
communique will often be disturbed channels that span across would be afte
and twisted leading to a condition of Thus, keeping this barrier in mind, diffe

misunderstanding and will make the entire considerations are required to be made
of communication futile. These is the responsibility of the sender to eng
process
barriers can block, filter, or distort the that the message reaches the receivers in
language that they understand.
message as it is encoded and sent, as well as
Attitude as a barrier to communicatio
when it is decoded and received.
Some people like working alone and rema
3. What is the importance of language in the
to themselves. These people are introven
process of communication? and not very social. Both these cases ma
Ans. Language is the most important tool of become a barrier to communication. Attituo
communication. It is the basic and the issues like ego and inconsiderate behaviou
vital element which makes the process of can hamper the communication channels
communication possible. It helps us to learn Personality traits like shyness, anger ant
and transmit knowledge and express feelings, social anxiety may be worked upon and there
ideas and emotions to others. Language are various courses and training available fo
is the key to the social lives of humans. the same. Whereas, traits such as egocentri
We can use it as an instrument to transfer behaviour and selfishness may not
communication among people. correctable.
4. How do stereotyping and prejudice affect Enlist how we can avoid or overcome the
the process of communication ? barriers to communication.
Ans. To overcome the barriers in effectie
Ans. Stereotyping causes us to epitomise, or
communication, we should keep the
symbolise a person, a group, an event ora
thing on oversimplified ideas, beliefs, or following things in mind.
opinions. People who believe are prejudiced Focus on clear pronunciation and
slowin
have difficulty in performing to the best of down our speech. Ensure and check tha
we have understood what is been said
their ability. We are prejudiced when we an
that others have fully understood us.
start relating a person to someone else in
Practice reflective listening to ched
the past. Prejudices like Basketball players our own and use op
are stereotyped as tall and
young people are understanding
ended questions ople
to check other peop
more energetic than the old, are common.
Stereotyping can substitute our thinking, understanding.
Have
a b o u t

a positive attitude
analysis and open-mindedness to a new
communication.
a t t i t u d e

Defensive
situation.
interferes with communication.
26 Information Technology 10 (Part-A)
 The Principles of
= 04 Communication

DASHBOARD

animals. t
E Tommcaæ s eTmE a R i naeshJman beings rom
m a n o t h e r . Fr al iving DEings, Exchangee
Dita t isngushes Dme n i w c a
sa e

OmmJnicetidn Can be anything.

a r s sme mErs
IDmuncRON NSs e e a sdT

wo or more
mmumcans Echnge o s , des, nions or emDiOns by
Newman ond Summers.

E mtom shous a t mntO S n r ony nsmning iniomation, t also invoves

a E e2umg messaes
h e mESSAZS mY O n a n n r ony arts but aso opinions and
2 5nrcar De n hUnan communicetion, whareaas
amas g a g e ant Da

S a mmumacon s ne e moa
est5C5 t s mEATS S2mg an
ng saca ame sOra eaonsns

mnam aurs ooz ienng Sils

i a m zuames i u a ieenes

ammunaom o D mE Sanes al numan behaviaur. Te man function of aommunication

m encaE 2 a m ane e s a e eaDe. h e communication process imvoves
e u r e osstmg ew s e s he soue information sacises to communicate
e r r e a mesae men a s i s t o g h a channel to h e ecever, the message s
upose ation is anforming. educatins
heriorE, e ommuncation process shouid be
amc mun
Tse e e t o n f e eceie use the sgnais smbos or coses that are esiy
uezpt e =rever anctmsnauce nees n t e recever and suggest some ways

heinES ammnacBOn
Glossary -
Gestures A movement of part of the body, |> Strikeovers An act orinstance of yni
especially a hand or the head, a character, as one h
to express idea without
an or meaning error, erasin it
Persuade To make someone do
believe Absurd Unreasonable,
something
or

inappropriate Mogica,
Predetermined Established or decided in Exaggeration The fact of moking
advance seem larger, more someh
im
Ambiguity The quality of being open to better, or worse than it real
more than one
interpretation; Unintelligible Notcapableoffbeing unde
being und
inexactness
Omission The action of Brevity Concise and exact use
of WO
leaving out something
excluding or in writing or speech

Partial Existing in parts, incomplete

Verbioge Excessively lengthy or
techmi
speech or writing
Reliability The quality of
being trustworthy
or of performing consistently well

Summary
Communication isessential step for the exchange of information.
an

The skill to
communicate is the prime factor that
differentiates human beings from animals.
Language and gestures play a significant role in human communication, whereas sounds
are
important tor communication in animals. and ocho
Communication requires good listening skills,
awareness of cultural differences, and
sensitivity to non-verbal cues, dissemination of informahor
appropriate documentation.
The main function of communication is to inform, educate, entertain and
For the purpose of effective communication, the persuade people.
should be followed. These principles or
guidelines which are often referred
as 70
principles are:
.The principle clarity
of .The principle of coherence
.The principle of completeness
.The principle of credibility
.The principle of
correctness .The principle of continuity
The principle of conciseness

TRUBLESHOOT
Solved Exercises
Objective Type Questions
. Tick () the correct option.
a. Which of the
following is/are the main b. Which of the following is/are
functions of communication? not
i. Educating
principle of communication?
i. Comparison
ii. Informing
ii. Clarity
ii. Persuading
ii. Completeness
iv. All of these
iv. None of these
32 Information Technology 10 (Part-A)
 C. What does the principle of completeness i Use of simple language
convey? ii. Precision
i. The use of simple language. ii. Proofreading and editing
ii. The entire message must be conveyed iv. All of these
e. Which of the following is/are the features
in one go.
ii. All the parts of the message must of coherence?
be grouped and brought together i. It makes a text semantically
in a logical sequence to prepare meaningful.
meaningful units. ii. It holds the text together and gives it a

iv. Efforts must be made to avoid meaning.

and errors in ii. It allows the reader to follow the
grammatical errors
intended message.
spellings, punctuations, etc.
d. Which of the following may help getting8 iv. All of these

accuracy in written communication?

Ans. 2. iv b. i c. d. iv e. iv

2. Answer the following as TRUE or FALSE. incomplete if

d. Communication becomes
a. Communication involves giving and
partial information is provided.
receiving messages.
sentences
for effective e. Clear communication in simple
b. There are five main principles
helps the reader to understand better
communication.
f.Extensive and lengthy writing brings
bring to mind the
C. A clear message will
same response from the other party. about continuity and adds grace to
communication.

d. True e. True f. False

Ans. a. True b. False C. True

3. Fill in the blanks.

communication is d. A good writing is always.
a. The main function of
to inform, educate, * * * * * * * ° * * * * * *

e. **** .brings about continuity

b. Communication becomes... and adds grace to communication.
if partial information is provided.
C. ****** dna..... ldy
f. ***
refers to thoughts
distract the readers and may lead to expressed in less words.
misunderstanding.
overwritings/strikeovers/wrong spellings/wrong
Ans. a. entertain and persuade people b. incomplete
c.

construction d. direct and forceful e. brevity f. conciseness

grammar and poor sentence

Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is communication?
Ans. Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, that are followed in performing or completing
opinions or emotion by two or more persons.
a task or job so as to attain predetermined
objectives. The principles of effective
The definition shows that communication communication help in making the process
is not only transmitting information, it also of communication complete and effective.
involves giving and receiving messages. The
also 3. What do you understand by the principle of
messages may contain not only facts but
conciseness?
opinions and emotions.
to thoughts
Ans. Conciseness refers
2. What do you mean by principles of effective few words.
Conciseness
expressed in a
communication? factor in
effective
is an important
Ans. The term Principles refers to the guidelines communication. It means saying whatis
33
The Principles of Communication
 together in a logical Sequence to
The
meaningful units. Incomplete
more.
required to be said and nothing
verblage, unnecessary
details and lengthy
may
form doubts in the receiverme
communication absurd Completeness in writing is
paragraphs, make
and ineffective. The
communicator must
through proper angementofatt
such a way that
organise the message in flowing into other ideas and nto
every word is meaningful
to the receiver. To achieve
and of interest
this principle
into conclusion. progtes
Principle of correctness: Commi
one must avoid indirect beginning,
use of
must be accurate in tone and nunic
superlativesand exaggeration of content.
4. Whatis the significance of credibility In expression, spellings, format, gramn
content, information, etc. There shou
effective communicatlon?
Ans. A good writing is always direct and forceful. be any wrong
statements in the mes
It has the power and capability to bring out
Efforts must be made to avoid gramma esaa
a reaction or desired effect. Clarity in writing errors and errors in spellings, punctuat
brings about credibility because it ensures etc. The reader may lose confidence
that others understand the message quickly the writer due to an incorrectly writ
and easily. A clear and direct approach in document. In the same way, incor
communication makes it possible to achieve statements and errors of the spel
the principle of credibility. lower the listeners' confidence in him a
may also affect his image and relabit
Long Answer Type Questions If the receiver finds one error in t
1. What do you understand by the principles communication, he/she may suspect th
of effective communication? Discuss all the there can be more errors. Therefore, h
principles, in brlef. she may start looking for other mistale
Ans. The principles refer to the guidelines that automatically. The subject matter
are followed in performing or completing communication must also be correct. The
a task or job so as to attain predetermined manner in which a message is transmitte
objectives. For the purpose of effective must be completely correct. Accuracy i
communication, the principles or guidelines writing can be achieved by proofreading
which are often referred as 7 Cs should be and editing the content. Overwritings
followed.
strikeovers, wrong spellings, wrong
Principle of clarity: The idea or message grammar, poor sentence construction
to be communicated should be correctly
etc., may distract the readers and may leat
planned and expressed in a logical way. The to misunderstandings.
communicator should make sure that the
ideas flow smoothly from beginning to end.
Principle of conciseness: Concisenes
refers to thoughts expressed
It should be worded in such a way that even in a
te
the most uninformed person could readily
words. It is an important factor in effecte
understand it. There should be no ambiguity communication. It means saying what
in the message. The communicator must be required to be said and nothing mo
The verbiage,
very clear about all the features of the idea unnecessary detalis a
in his mind and about the purpose for which lengthy paragraphs, make communica
it is to be communicated. A clear absurd and ineffective. We must exclu
message
will bring to mind the same response from those words and
sentences
the other party. message which are not likelyfrom to bring
Principle of completeness: A message desired results. The w h i c t

must be organised properly so that it IS

expressed in fewer message,
words,
m o r e

must include all the

important ideals and impressive and effective than is S a m e

its details. The contents of the message expressed through tnen

message
must be carefully checked and verified in complicated sentences. The commlongd
order such that there is no omission of must organise the message in
the important details. All the
parts of that every
word is
sucnd
the eaningful and
message must be grouped and brought interest to the receiver.
must
The comm
ommunica
Information Technology 10(Part-A) | avoid indirect beginni
34
 O0
CHPTER
Basic Writing Skills
05
DASHBOARD
have to get and
meaningful, and its
one of the best tools we Robin Sloan
"Good writing is really
capture peoples attention."

human civilisation is that of writing. It not only

of
discovery in the history of our ideas,
significant permanent record
The most also helps in maintaining a
communicate but and
us to explanations, etc. For
example, technological
allows researches, science would
informations, opinions, The existence of
beliefs, c o m m u n i c a t e d verbally.
cannot be written form.
scientific
achievements
not recorded
the experiments in a
scientists had
if the
not have been possible

WRITING SKILLS communicate our

to
communication. They help us

are essential
for effective communication

possible to share
our
Writing skills Writing makes it
to an audience. to write well takes
with clarity
message easily with future generations. Learning
contemporaries but
also with each other.
not only with and far-off places to speak
our

people from the

near
practice. It facilitates and views to others.
time and communicating ideas
and
of the ways of sharing our thoughts,
Writing is one
into words.
the innate talent to put their thoughts
Some people have or a working young person,
college-going youngster
are a school-going child, a measured. Documents
No matter if you knowledge and intellect is
yardstick with which your the ideas
writing is an important etc., require good writing skills so that
memos, letters, reports,
such as notes, e-mails, impression in front
If the writing is free of
mistakes, we make a good
can be expressed effectively.
of others. software
For example, in the field of technology,
for every profession.
Writing skills are important doctors write reports for the patients.
manuals for users. In medicine,
instruction
developers write everybody in all the professions
both the teacher and student have to write. Nearly
In education,
use the medium of writing for communication. Good writing
and valued everywhere.
skills are, therefore, significant
People with good writing skills appear
to be more capable, WRITING SKILLS
intelligent, credible and responsible.
which is badly written. There
imagine you receive an e-mail
sentences
are spelling and grammatical errors, incomplete .

You read
and the paragraphs are also very long and confusing.
the mail thrice but even then you cannot interpret it properly.
thought about the sender?
Basic Writing Skills 37
What would be your reaction or
 Summary which not only allows us to
communicate but also helps
in maintainin

Writing is a significant discovery and information.

record of our ideas, beliefs, opinions,
a permanent of human beings.
to m e a s u r e the intellect and intelligence
Writing is an important yardstick
for every profession.
Writing skills a r e important and responsible.
skills are valuable, capable, credible
considered more
People with good writing and spellings.
about the tone, intention of writing, grammar
While writing, one should be careful
language.
Phrases, clauses and sentences are the three main structures of the English
A phrase is a group ofwords that does not express a complete thought.
The independent clause ach
A clause has subject and predicate, and expresses a complete thought.
a
with the independent clause to make
as a complete sentence, whereas, the dependent clause is used
meaningful sentence.
makes complete sense. A
A sentence is also a group of words that expresses a complete thought and
sentence is made up of a subject, a predicate and an object.
into eight categories: nouns, pronouns,
On the basis of their usage and function, words are categorised
verbs, aderbs, adjectives, conjunctions, prepositions and interjections.
Articles (a, an and the) add meaning to nouns and are always used before a noun, or an adjective that
modities a noun.
A paragroaph is a collection of organised sentences that convey a complete topic.

A paragroph is made up of three main parts: a topic sentence, at least three supporting sentences

and a concluding sentence.

The four important elements of paragraph writing are:
Unity Order Coherence Completeness

TRUBLESHOOT
Solved Exercises
Objective Type Questions
1. Tick () the correct option.
a. Where do we use the skill of writing? C. Which of the following are the three parts
i. Writing letters of a sentence?
i. Writing reports i. Subject, predicate and object
ii. Writing thesis i. Subject, verb and adverb
iv. All of these ii. Subject, predicate and verb
b. Which of the
following is a group of words iv. Subject, object and pronoun
that expresses a complete thought and d. Articles are always used. o*******a a noun,
makes complete sense?
or an adjective that modifies a noun.
i. Preposition
ii. Sentence . after ii. with
ii. Conjunction
iv. Adverb ii. before iv. None of these
48 Information Technology 10 (Part-A)
 Which of the following repeats the main f. Whichofthe followingisthe mostimportant
idea and reinforces the opinion? part of speech?
.Topicsentence ii, Hook sentence i. Noun ii. Adverb
l. Supporting sentence ii. Verb iv. Adjective
iv. Concluding sentence
Ans. 0 iv b.i C.i d. iii e. iv

2. Answer the following as TRUE or FALSE.

a. People with good writing skills appear to C. Exclamatory sentences are used to express
be more knowledgeable and reliable. command and order.
b. More than three clauses make a precise d. Pronouns are used in the place of nouns.

and simple sentence. e. A and an are definite articles.

Ans. a. True b.False c. False d. True e. False

3. Fill in the blanks.

a. Writing without errors gives d. A phrase does not express complete
B mmu about the writer. ..... and .....-**.
b. e n n s e s s iS USsed to describe a
is a word that shows
noun or a pronoun. e. A . . .

C. Assne ssuessos Sentence is used to

action or the state of being of the subject
draw a reader to the paragraph.
in a sentence.
e. verb
c. topic/hook d. idea, thought
Ans.8. good impression b.Adjective

Short Answer Type Questions

and clause.
1. Differentiate between phrase
Ans. Clause
Phrase
verb.
of words acting A clause is a group ofwords that contains a
A phrase is a group
be a
as a single part of speech but does
A clause may form part of a sentence or it may
not contain a subject and a verb.
complete sentence in itself.
cheese sandwich.
example: He was eating
a
I t is a part ofa sentence and does not For is mainly
thought or idea. She she
is a strong lady, butskills.
express a complete
known for her artistic
Since morning, the
Forexample:
young man
elements to make writing effective.
2. Suggest any three
effective writing are:
Ans. The three elements for
Correct punctuations
Correct grammar Correct spellings
sentences.
and Interrogative
3. Distinguish between imperative
Interrogative Sentences

Ans. Imperative Sentences

question s
sentence that asks a
givesThe
A sentence that expresses a command, request, a n interrogative sentence.

order is imperative sentence. with a questi0n

an advice or
an
end withIt always ends
fuil stop, but may also
ft usually ends with a emotion in the
mark (?.
depending on the
sign
an exclamation

sentence 49
Basic Writing Skitls
 Imperative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

For example:
Forexample:
Where wereyou yesterday?
Close the door.
What have you been doing since lat
Please make a cup of tea for mne
week?

4. What are interjectlons? Give example.

commonly used to Convey
the words that express emotions. As interjections
are
Ans. Interjections are

strong emotions, they are followed by the exclamation sign.

For example:Congrats! You finally got your Bachelor's degree.
Ah! That feels wonderful.
5. Differentiate between compound and complex-compound sentences.

Ans. Complex-compound Sentence

Compound Sentence

A compound sentence has at least two main A complex-compound sentence is made up of at

clauses connected by conjunction (and, for, least two independent clauses and one or more

nor, but, so, yet, or). It has no dependent dependent clauses.

clause. Forexample: When I grow up, I will become a
Forexample: I went to their house but he pilot and my mom will be proud
was not there. of me.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Discuss the types of sentences on the basis Complex sentence: A complex sentence
of their structure. Give sultable example of has one main clause and at least one
each type. subordinate/dependent clause, connected
Ans. Sentences can be categorised into four types,
by a conjunction such as: although,
on the basis of their structure.
Simple sentence: A simple sentence is because, since, unless, when or a relative
made up of only one clause (main or pronoun like who, that, which, etc. For
independent clause). A main clause example: I bought the basket which I saw
has both the subject and the verb and last time in the market.
expresses a complete sense. For example
She left the room. Complex-compound sentence: A compler
Compound sentence A compound compound sentence is made up of at least
sentence has at least two main clauses two independent clauses and one or more
connected by a conjunction
nor, but, so, yet, or). It has no
(and, for, dependent clauses. For example: Ram
clause. For example: invited dependent cried when his dog got sick, but he soon
they did not come.
I them but
got bette
2. Differentlate between verbs and
Ans.
adverbs.
Verbs
I t is the most Adverbs
Without a verb,important part of speech.
a sentence An adverb gives us more information abou
Averbis aword that shows cannot exist. the verb (action) in a sentence.
of being
of action or state
the subiert in a rar i t tells us when hoo done
 Unit 2 SELF-MANAGEMENT S
OO
CHPTER Stress Managem. Symp Althos

| 01 Techniqu
stress
panic
isolat
DASHBOARD
1. T
There is an old parable of a frog who finds
himself in a pot of water on fire-the 2. N-

frog does not notice the slight increase

3 Li
in temperature, as he swims around. But
4. R
when the temperature reaches unbearable
degrees, he realises his situation. By the time it is too
late to cope up and he cannot surs 5. C

keep on building around

Our
we
busy lives, workloads, social and professional pressures
usually do not realise it until everything gets out of control and we can no longer con
6 F

7. U
it would have been great, if we could notice the signs of this pressure earlier and leame
make changes and helped ourselves. We usually do not listen to our body and continue ba 8.

the pressure until we get in to a difficult situation of physical and emotional exhaustio 9.D

completely burn ourselves out. 10.

"Stress has become one of the most serious health issues of the 20th century and a worid
11
epidemic." The World Labour report, produced by the UN's International Orgor
12
Therefore, it is very important to understand what is stress? How it affects our bod)?
what we can do to manage it and reduce its impact? 13.

Let u

Iti s
WHAT IS STRESS? press
Stress is an emotional and physical damage usually due to our response to pressure o a n d
outside world. stres

Stress is the "psychological,physiologicaland behavioural response by an individudBefo

The
they perceive a lack of equilibrium between the demands placed upon them and me
to meet those demands, which, over a period of time, leads to il-health." Palmer, supps

u s es
Any situation or thought that makes us annoyed, angry, frustrated or
anxious can o
Every situation is different and everyone sees it and handles it
a s t

differently. Therefore,
which may be stressful for one may not be for others.
Stress isinevitable. It can be good if it is in small hep

become more productive. However,

quantities. otivate us an
it can motiva
Ow we
too much stress can be extremely harmful.
to a stressful situation
determines the impact of stress on our body and health. r resa

stress in a negative manner, Our health and i e

more effectively by understanding ourselves

happiness will suffer, We can learn to v a t i o s

and our reaction

to stress-provoking S
54 Information Technology10 (Part-A)
 and worldwide
Summary
enid
a
health issues of the 20th century
most serious
Stress has
become one ofthe frustrated o r anxíous can cause stress.
that makes us annoyed, angry, and reaction t
or thought ourselves our
Any situation stress more effectively by understanding
can learn to handle
We
provoking situations. the pressures and confusine
how to evade or escape
is not about learning and develop skills that can helrp
Stress management react to these pressures
about learning how to
modern living; it is body.
impact of stress on
our
stressful situations and reduce the
coping with are categorised into three groups:
The techniques of stress management situations.
Action-oriented approaches: It allows one to act and change stressful
stressful situations.
It is used to change the way we
see
Emotionoriented approaches: situation that cor
useful for dealing with a stressful
we
.Acceplance-oriented approaches: It is
control or handle.

TROUBLESHOOT
Solved Exercises
Objective Type Questions
1. Tick ( the correct option. ii. Managing and coping with stress
a. Which of the following statements about iv. Managing and controlling emotions
stress is/are correct? d. Which of the following techniques
i. Itis an emotional and physical damage. stress management comes under the
i. It is caused due to our response to emotion-oriented approach?
pressure from the outside world. i. Medication and exercises
ii. Stress is inevitable. ii. Affirmations and imagery
iv. All of these ii. Physical reaction
b. Which of the following is/are the
iv. Adequate sleep
symptoms of stress?
e. How is yoga an effective tool for stress
i. Social Isolation ii. Fatigue
ii. Body aches
management?
iv. All of these i. It encourages good mood.
c. What is stress management?? is. It gives a healthy dose of se
i. Managing professional and social
relations compassion.
ii. Both of these
ii. Managing all chores
iv. None of these
Ans. a. iv b. iv C. ii d. ii e. iii
2. Answer the following as TRUE or FALSE.
a. Every ind of stress can be controlled. dealing with a stressful situation which
we cannot control or handle.
b. Stress
management helps in learning how d. It is
to react and develop skills to manage important to have good amounto
stress. sleep to relieve stress.
C. Action-oriented approach
e. The power of
is used for positive imagery an
affirmations scientifically increases

Ans. a. False positive emotion.

b. True
C. False
d. True
58 Information Technology 10(Part-A) e. True
 3 Fil n ne zanis
stress is
a Stressan ce gccc f tisin d. A guaranteed way to reduce the

Stavng way frcm. is an

through-
mpcrant way ta coce up with stress. with
help us to reconnect
--- is the best cpticn to
eo******
reieve e stess. Qurseives
e vacations
C everCIse

Ans 3. Sal uarttes echncicgy cakingout

Long Answer Type Questions

ShartAnswer ype Questions 1. Discuss the acceptance-oriented
approaches
W h a t s stress?
of stress management.
physicai damage useful
AnsStress s te emcticrai and Ans. Acceptance-oriented approaches are

aur respanse to pressure from situation which

Suay due te for dealing with a stressful
r e cutsde wcric. control or handle. The
following
we cannot
acceptance-oriented approaches
management. the
Z Cerfine stress
are
up
in managing and coping
maragement is the set af techniques which help us
r s StresS
intended to heip peccie deal with stress.
and arcgams diet
with stress in their lives by D i e t and exercise: Making simple
mcre fectiveiy
oil, caffeine
stressors and taking changes such as reducing
aravsrg the specific us in coping up
minimise their effects and sugar intake helps
ocstve acicns to of reducing
withstress. It is a proven way
of stress to
Eniist the three approaches anxiety. Another guaranteed way
exercise and yoga.
manageTent reduce stress is through
of stress management antidepressant.
sThe three accrcaches It acts as an effective
Meditation and physical relaxation:
are
breathing. guided
Acticn-crerted aporoach Practice deep
meditation
Emctcn-ariented apcoroach visualizations, yoga and guided
effective for
Acceptance-ariented approach to relax the body. Yoga is very
a good
stress relief because it encourages
bo be self-confident to
4 why is t importane and gives a
Ramde stress?
mood, increases mindfulness,
is by healthy dose of self-compassion.
Ans One af the best ways to handle
stress
Build resilience: Resiliency is our ability
beccmirg seif-confident. When we feel good
to bounce back from stressful or negative
aursef and are more positive, we can
accut
experiences.
Charge t e way we deal with stress. When situation
ask for what we
Resilient people accept that a
we are confdent, we can
has occurred, they learn from the situation
wart or need and discuss if something is
and then move on.
trcucling or bothering us. Once we identiñy
.Taik it out: Taiking out is the best option
wrat we need to communicate, we can stand
to relieve stress. Talk to someone close byy
uc for aurseif and be pasitive in changing the
about the things that bother or trouble.
stressful situation. Being confident heips in
Sharing wories is halving them. Our
becoming more relaxed and makes us able to worries become smaller when we discuss
hande stressful experiences, effectivey. or say them out. If we cannot share them
5 MOis the ernotion-arierted approach with someone, we can write them down.
of stress maragemert dirferent from the Just give them a space out of the mind.
action-orievted acproach? Sleep: Getting a good night sleep is the
EmICton-orented approach helps us to best way for recharging and dealing with
crarge the way we see stressful situations, stressful situations. An uninterrupted
wereas action-oriented approach helps us sleep of approximately 8 hours is generally
to act and change the stressful situation. recommended for all
Stress MaragementTechnigues 59