Local Energy Communities
Comunități Energetice Locale
Conf.dr.ing. Lucian Toma
https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/markets-and-consumers/energy-communities_en
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32018R1999
Local energy communities
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC119433/energy_communiti
es_report_final.pdf
• Definirea primei legislații
din UE
• Creșterea implicării
cetățenilor în tranziția
energetică
• Comunitățile pot sprijini în
mod direct sursele
regenerabile de energie,
cu aspecte legate de
mediu, economic și social
• Toți consumatorii finali pot
deveni membri
Inhabitants in the area of the Energy
Community
• in the Clean Energy Package called
“Members” or “Shareholders”
EC-network
• they are free to join the EC
• physical electricity network that connects
the community-members
Non-Community-Members • has a connection with the public
• live in the area of the EC distribution grid
• choose not to join the EC • in the model we make abstraction of
• are handled individually and have their whether the EC-network is privately owned
own electricity meter for billing or part of the public distribution grid
From a centralized to a distributed integrated energy system
Centralized Energy System Distributed Energy System or Energy Cloud
•large, centrally located generation facilities • multi-way cooperation on common energy
• one way energy flow grid
• utility controlled • multi-way energy flow
• inflexible technology • utility coordinated
• small numbers of players • flexible, dynamic, resilient
• closed system, huge entry barriers • large numbers of players
• high project costs (100m+) •open system allowing anyone to participate
•adds capacity in large chunks • lower project costs (20k+)
• long project approval time (10+ years) •easy to add capacity incrementally
•heavy carbon impact • relatively short project approval time (1
year)
• cleaner: local and renewable production
and consumption
The EU Winter Package
Local Energy Communities
Member States shall ensure that Local Energy Communities:
• are entitled to own, establish, or lease community networks and
to autonomously manage them;
• can access all organised markets either directly or through
aggregators or suppliers in a non-discriminatory manner;
• benefit from a non-discriminatory treatment with regard to their
activities, rights and obligations as final customers, generators,
distribution system operators or aggregators;
• are subject to fair, proportionate and transparent procedures and
cost reflective charges;
• where relevant, may conclude agreements with the distribution
system operator to which their network is connected on the
operation of the community network.
Member States shall provide an enabling regulatory framework
that ensures that:
• participation in a Local Energy Community is voluntary;
• shareholders or members of a Local Energy Community shall not lose their rights as
household customers or active customers;
• shareholders or members are allowed to leave a Local Energy Community;
• Article 8 paragraph 3 applies to generating capacity installed by Local Energy Communities as
long as such capacity can be considered small decentralised or distributed generation;
• provisions of Chapter IV apply to Local Energy Communities that perform activities of a
distribution system operator;
• where relevant, a Local Energy Community may conclude an agreement with a distribution
system operator to which their network is connected on the operation of the Local Energy
Community's network;
• where relevant system users that are not shareholders or members of the Local Energy
Community connected to the distribution network operated by a Local Energy Community
shall be subject to fair and cost-reflective network charges. If such system users and Local
Energy Communities cannot reach an agreement on network charges, both parties may
request the regulatory authority to determine the level of network charges in a relevant
decision;
• where relevant Local Energy Communities are subject to appropriate network charges at the
connection points between the community network and the distribution network outside
the energy community. Such network charges shall account separately for the electricity fed
into distribution network and the electricity consumed from the distribution network outside
the Local Energy Community in line.
Why a new market design for the EU electricity sector?
• A decentralised market has more players and creates new roles such as aggregators
and ‘prosumers’.
• At the same time Europe’s electricity market is now better interlinked through
interconnecting networks. This has both advantages and disadvantages.
• Greater intermittency in supplies – if the wind does not blow or the sun does not shine
– has created a need for more flexibility and responsiveness both on the supply and
the demand side. The market needs to price the costs involved in providing that
flexibility and reflect them in the overall price of energy and/or energy services.
• Flexibility services can and should be provided across an interlinked market.
• If the market does not function properly Member States will be tempted to take
unilateral measures to ensure generation adequacy. These so-called capacity
remuneration mechanisms, if not properly designed, can have major adverse
consequences on the functioning of the internal electricity market, as the Commission
has established in its final report on the Sector Inquiry on Capacity Mechanisms.
The Commission maintains that an ambitious new energy market design is needed not
only to reflect the changing technical features of electricity production and systems but
also to “meet consumers’ expectations, deliver real benefits from new technology,
facilitate investments, notably in renewables and low carbon generation, and recognise
the interdependence of European Member States when it comes to energy security”.
Market design is the set of arrangements which govern how market actors generate,
trade, supply and consume electricity and use the electricity infrastructure. It is important
that these arrangements “can transform the energy system, and enable network
operators, generators and consumers – both households and industry – to take full
advantage of new technology”
The Commission aims to ensure a more co-ordinated regional approach to transmission
system operations with the creation of new Regional Operational Centres (ROCs). To a
certain extent the regulatory supervision of these new entities will be carried out at
European level by ACER.
What is a Regional Operational Centre (ROC)?
• All TSOs within a region designated by ACER under its new tasks (see
below) will have to set up a ROC (in the territory of one of the Member
States within the region).
• Regulation: “Regional operational centres shall complement the role of
transmission system operators by performing functions of regional
relevance. They shall establish operational arrangements in order to
ensure the efficient, secure and reliable operation of the
interconnected transmission system”.
• These tasks are to ensure a “coordinated capacity calculation”,
“facilitate the regional procurement of balancing capacity”, draw up
“regional week ahead to intraday system adequacy forecasts and
preparation of risk reducing actions”, and a number of tasks relating to
coordinated management of crisis situations.
Distribution –
the key to
flexibility
• In a system where distribution networks are no longer passive
but are expected to provide various services for the entire
system, the exchange of information between TSOs and DSOs will
increase considerably and this aspect has to be managed
adequately.
• The choice of the coordination scheme not only determines the
responsibilities of systems operators towards each other but also
determines their responsibilities towards third parties (suppliers,
aggregators, energy service companies).
Article 36 of the E-Directive provides that as a general
rule DSOs shall not be allowed to own, develop, manage
or operate energy storage facilities unless (a) following an
open tender procedure no other party has expressed an
interest in entering this market and (b) storage facilities
are necessary for the DSOs to fulfil their regulated tasks
for the reliable and secure.
Article 16 of the E-Directive requires that Member States
adopt a legal framework that ensures the possibility for
local energy communities to own, establish or lease
community networks and to autonomously manage
them,39 and that these communities can access all
organised markets either directly or through aggregators
or suppliers.
Delivery on a fair deal for energy consumers requires innovative
companies to combine new energy technologies with digital
technology to offer new products that support active consumers
who wish to participate in electricity markets and optimise energy
consumption (reducing and shifting) and save money.
Article 17 of the E-directive requires NRAs to encourage final
consumers, including those offering demand response through
aggregators and ‘active customers’ to participate alongside
generators in a non-discriminatory manner in all ‘organised
markets’.
Local energy communities
Local Energy Communities
Local energy communities
https://www.pecanstreet.org/
Centralized vs decentralized
Load flow analysis in OpenDSS
Mihai Sănduleac, Irina Ciornei, Lucian Toma, Ana-Maria Dumitrescu, Radu Plămănescu, Mihaela Albu
– High reporting rate smart metering data for enhanced grid monitoring and services for energy
communities, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, pp. 4039-4048, Vol. 18, Iss. 6, June 2022,
print ISSN: 1551-3203, online ISSN: 1941-0050, DOI 10.1109/TII.2021.3095101.
Centralized vs decentralized
microgrid_1sec1sday.m
Mihai Sănduleac, Irina Ciornei, Lucian Toma, Ana-Maria Dumitrescu, Radu Plămănescu, Mihaela Albu
– High reporting rate smart metering data for enhanced grid monitoring and services for energy
communities, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, pp. 4039-4048, Vol. 18, Iss. 6, June 2022,
print ISSN: 1551-3203, online ISSN: 1941-0050, DOI 10.1109/TII.2021.3095101.
Centralized vs decentralized
microgrid_1sec1sday.m
Mihai Sănduleac, Irina Ciornei, Lucian Toma, Ana-Maria Dumitrescu, Radu Plămănescu, Mihaela
Albu – High reporting rate smart metering data for enhanced grid monitoring and services for
energy communities, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2021 (accepted for publication)
Centralized vs decentralized
➢ Use the battery as a buffer to maintain a flat power transfer
through the power transformer or to shave the power deviations
