Reivew Topic 31(Bank)

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment?
a. lymphatic system
b. nervous system
c. excretory system
d. reproductive system
____ 2. Which system enables you to understand the words you read in a book?
a. integumentary system
b. nervous system
c. endocrine system
d. lymphatic system
____ 3. The peripheral nervous system collects information about changes in internal body temperature using
a. the brain.
b. nerves and supporting cells.
c. the spinal cord.
d. eyesight.
____ 4. Read the following statements that describe how information flows in the nervous system. What is the correct
order in which they occur?
1) Response is carried to glands or muscles.
2) Information is processed and a response is formed.
3) Information is gathered.

a. 1,2,3
b. 2,3,1
c. 3,2,1
d. 3,1,2
____ 5. What is the function of the central nervous system?
a. to gather information
b. to carry a response to glands and muscles
c. to receive stimuli from the environment
d. to process information and form a response
____ 6. Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central
nervous system?
a. sensory division
b. motor division
c. sensory and motor divisions
d. spinal cord division
____ 7. Which division of the nervous system speeds up your heart rate?
a. somatic
b. autonomic
c. sensory
d. brain and spinal cord
____ 8. Cells of the nervous system that transmit electrical signals to various organs in the body are called

a. osteocytes.
b. neurons.
c. muscle cells.
d. red blood cells.
____ 9. Neurons are classified by the
a. direction in which they carry impulses.
b. amount of metabolic activity that takes place.
c. number of dendrites that branch out.
d. number of impulses that they carry.
____ 10. Your alarm clock wakes you up and reminds you to get ready for school. Which type of neuron receives the
sound of the alarm?
a. interneurons
b. myelin neurons
c. sensory neurons
d. motor neurons

Figure 31–1

____ 11. Refer to Figure 31–1. Which structure carries impulses to the cell body?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. V
____ 12. Refer to Figure 31-1. Which structure carries impulses away from the cell body?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. V
____ 13. What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by a stimulus in the environment?
a. a threshold
b. a resting potential
c. an impulse
d. a dendrite
____ 14. What is the function of neurotransmitters?
a. to transmit nerve impulses through dendrites
b. to stimulate the production of epinephrine
c. to transmit nerve impulses across synapses
d. none of the above
____ 15. When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of
a. neurotransmitters.
b. sodium ions.
c. dendrites.
d. receptors.
____ 16. Read the following statements that describe what happens as an impulse travels. What is the correct order in
which the steps occur?
1) The neuron receives a stimulus great enough to start an impulse.
2) Na+ gates close and K+ ions flow back out of the cell restoring the resting potential.
3) Gated K+ and Na+ channels are closed. The inside of the cell is slightly negative compared to the
outside.
4) The impulse continues to travel down the axon away from the cell body.
5) Gated Na+ channels open. The net movement of Na+ ions into the cell produces the action potential.
a. 4,5,3,1,2
b. 1,5,3,4,2
c. 3,1,5,4,2
d. 3,4,5,1,2
____ 17. The 31 major nerves that branch out from the spinal cord connecting it to the rest of the body are the
a. cranial nerves
b. vertebrate nerves
c. spinal nerves
d. central nerves
____ 18. It’s 2:00 in the afternoon and you haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. Which part of your brain is telling
you that you’re hungry?
a. brain stem
b. medulla oblongata
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus
____ 19. For a person who writes with his or her left hand, the muscles involved in writing are controlled by
a. the left hemisphere of the cerebrum.
b. the right hemisphere of the cerebrum.
c. both the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum.
d. neither hemisphere of the cerebrum.
____ 20. When drugs produce a sensation of feeling and well being, what part of the brain is being stimulated?
a. limbic system
 b. cerebellum
c. cerebrum
d. thalamus
____ 21. Place these events in the order in which they would occur in a person who uses an addictive drug.
I. To maintain homeostasis, the brain reacts to a flood of dopamine by lowering the number of dopamine
receptors.
II. The molecules of dopamine bind to receptors, causing feelings of pleasure.
III. It becomes more difficult for the person to feel normal without the drug.
IV. A flood of the neurotransmitter dopamine is released into the brain’s synapse.

a. I, III, II, IV
b. II, IV, III, I
c. II, I, III, IV
d. IV, II, I, III
____ 22. How does nicotine affect dopamine synapses?
a. It decreases the release of dopamine.
b. It increases the release of dopamine.
c. It causes damage to the dopamine receptors.
d. It stops the production of dopamine.
____ 23. When exposed to addictive drugs, how does the brain react to excessive dopamine levels?
a. It reduces the number of receptors for the neurotransmitter.
b. It increases the number of receptors for the neurotransmitter.
c. It increases the production of dopamine.
d. It shuttles the dopamine to other areas of the brain.
____ 24. Which of the following choices best describes dopamine?
a. A substance that is naturally found in the brain.
b. An illegal drug that can cause great damage.
c. A receptor molecule that is found on neurons.
d. A protein that stimulates neurons to grow.
____ 25. Which of the following sensory receptors would lead you to squint in bright light?
a. thermoreceptors
b. mechanoreceptors
c. photoreceptors
d. chemoreceptors
____ 26. Sensory receptors that are sensitive to chemical information from the environment are found in the
a. skin and hypothalamus.
b. skin, hair follicles, and ears.
c. eyes.
d. nose and taste buds.
____ 27. The primary function of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system is to transmit impulses
a. from sense organs to the central nervous system.
b. from the spinal cord to the brain.
c. from the brain to the muscles.
d. from one sense organ to another.
____ 28. Which receptors respond to a scraped knee?
 a. thermoreceptors
b. pain receptors
c. chemoreceptors
d. photoreceptors
____ 29. Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for smell and taste?
a. photoreceptor
b. thermoreceptor
c. mechanoreceptor
d. chemoreceptor
____ 30. When you swat a fly, which type of neuron stimulates your arm to move?
a. sensory neuron
b. interneuron
c. motor neuron
d. autonomic neuron
____ 31. When you move your fingers to type a text message, you are using motor neurons of the
a. somatic nervous system.
b. sensory nervous system.
c. autonomic nervous system.
d. central nervous system.
____ 32. Which sense relies on the largest sense organ in the body?
a. touch
b. hearing
c. smell
d. taste
____ 33. Which organ does not have pain receptors?
a. brain
b. heart
c. stomach
d. bladder
____ 34. If you did not like the flavor of a certain oral liquid medicine, you could hide much of its taste by
a. closing your eyes.
b. covering your ears.
c. holding your nose.
d. folding your hands together.
____ 35. Sensory cells in taste buds respond to which types of flavors?
a. salty, bitter, sweet, sour, umami
b. salty, spicy, juicy, sweet, tangy
c. sour, tangy, spicy, bitter, sweet
d. fatty, sweet, meaty, tangy, salty
____ 36. The senses of smell and taste are similar because
a. both involve the taste buds.
b. both detect vibrations in the air.
c. both are sensed by receptors called cones.
d. both rely on chemoreceptors.
____ 37. Infections of the ear may cause inflammation. Inflammation that affects which structure would cause
dizziness?
a. semicircular canals
b. oval window
c. eardrum
d. cochlea

Figure 31–2

____ 38. In Figure 31–2, which structure sends impulses to your brain enabling you to stand on one foot?
a. structure A
b. structure B
c. structure C
d. structure D
____ 39. Which structure in Figure 31–2 is commonly injured by people inserting cotton swabs or other objects into
their ears?
a. structure A
b. structure B
c. structure C
d. structure D
____ 40. Which labeled structure in Figure 31–2 produces pressure waves in the cochlea?
a. structure A
b. structure B
c. structure C
d. structure D
____ 41. Which structure in the ear contains tiny hairs that send nerve impulses to the brain, which processes them as
sound?
a. semicircular canals
b. oval window
c. eardrum
d. cochlea
____ 42. Which of the five senses involves two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones?
a. vision
b. hearing
c. smell
 d. taste

Figure 31–3

____ 43. In Figure 31–3, through which labeled structure does light first enter the eye?
a. 1
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
____ 44. In Figure 31–3, which labeled structure carries impulses to the brain?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
____ 45. If the muscles in a person’s irises are damaged, how is his or her eye sight directly affected?
a. The person is not able to transfer impulses to the brain.
b. The person’s eye color changes.
c. The person is not able to distinguish colors from each other.
d. The person is not able to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. Your nervous system receives information that a baseball is being thrown in your direction. After the
information is processed by your brain, your central nervous system directly stimulates the muscles in your
hands to catch the ball. _________________________

____ 2. Spreading out from the cell body of a neuron are short, branched extensions called axons that gather
information. _________________________

____ 3. Myelin sheaths can be damaged by strokes or nutritional deficiencies. If a neuron has a damaged myelin
sheath, impulses move faster through the axon than they would in a healthy neuron.
_________________________

____ 4. When a stimulus is weaker than the threshold of a neuron, it will not produce an impulse.
_________________________

____ 5. A resting potential is produced when the inside of the cell temporarily becomes more positive than the outside
of the cell._________________________

____ 6. The largest and most prominent region of the human brain, which is responsible for the voluntary, or
conscious, activities of the body is the cerebellum. _________________________

____ 7. Densely packed nerve cell bodies found in the cerebral cortex are called white matter.
______________________________

____ 8. When taking a drug such as the methamphetamine ecstasy, the amount of dopamine released by the
hypothalamus and the limbic system increases. _________________________

____ 9. Sensory receptors that alert your brain when it is cold outside are called thermoreceptors.
_________________________

____ 10. The muscles in your stomach responsible for churning and mixing food are controlled by the somatic nervous
system. _________________________

____ 11. During brain surgery, patients are sometimes kept awake. This is possible because the brain does not contain
chemoreceptors. ______________________________

____ 12. All of your taste buds are found on your tongue. ____________________

____ 13. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup and the two tiny sacs located behind them help the body maintain its
equilibrium. ______________________________

____ 14. When walking into a dimly lit room, the cones in your eyes help you find your way around.
____________________

____ 15. Vision occurs when photoreceptors in the retina transmit impulses to the brain, which translates these
impulses into images._________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.

1. The brain and the spinal cord make up the _________________ nervous system.

2. In most animals, axons and dendrites are clustered into bundles of fibers called ____________________.

3. The myelin sheath that surrounds a single long axon leaves many gaps, called ____________________,
where the axon membrane is exposed.

4. The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron is its resting
____________________.

5. The feeling of anxiety you have before a big science exam is associated with the ____________________.

6. When a person loses consciousness due to a head injury from a car crash, the ____________________ keeps
the body functioning by regulating the flow of information between the brain and the rest of the body.

7. Addictive drugs produce changes in one particular group of synapses that use the neurotransmitter
____________________.

8. The cell bodies of cranial and spinal nerves are arranged in clusters called _________________________.

Figure 31–4

9. The pathway illustrated in Figure 31–4 is called a(an) ____________________.

10. The turning of your head is controlled by the ____________________ nervous system, which is part of the
peripheral nervous system’s motor division.

11. The ____________________ contains thermoreceptors that sense changes in blood temperature.

12. The sensory organs that detect taste are called ____________________.

13. The ____________________ are the sense organs that can distinguish both pitch and loudness in vibrations
that move through air.
 14. Small muscles attached to the ____________________ of your eye change its shape to allow you to focus on
near or distant objects.

15. A person who has a low concentration of ____________________ may have difficulty distinguishing one
color from another.

Short Answer

1. Explain the relationship between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. How do they
work together to accomplish a task?

2. What is the role of myelin sheaths in the nervous system?

3. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, early damage to the synapses in the brain can lead to short-term memory
loss. If the synapse between a neuron and another cell is damaged, how will it affect an impulse?

Figure 31–6

4. Figure 31–6 shows the cell membrane of a resting neuron. How do you know that the neuron is at rest?

5. Using what you know about neurotransmitters, explain why impulses always transmit across the synapse in
only one direction.

6. How is the spinal cord like a major telephone line?

7. Why is a severe injury to the brain stem often fatal?

8. How does cocaine affect dopamine receptors in the brain?

9. What causes a drug user to keep increasing the amount of drug they abuse?

10. When you visit an amusement park or fair, your body is exposed to various stimuli. Describe how three
sensory receptors are activated in this environment.

11. Sometimes during a physical examination, a doctor performs a “knee-jerk reflex test” on a patient. During this
reflex test, a sharp rap on the knee causes the muscles in the leg to contract. Why is this test important?
 12. Why does your mouth feel hot when you eat a jalapeno pepper?

13. Sometimes at the end of a television cooking show, the chef describes how the final product he or she made
“tastes.” Why is it incorrect for him or her to refer only to the “taste” of food?

14. Describe the role of the cochlea in hearing.

15. Compare and contrast the functions of rods and cones.

Science Skills

This diagram shows the structure of a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a
neighboring neuron.

Figure 31–7

1. Interpret Visuals In Figure 31–7, which structures release neurotransmitters?

2. Apply Concepts What causes neurotransmitters to be released in Figure 31–7?

3. Predict In Figure 31–7, in what direction will an impulse travel?

4. Apply Concepts Referring to Figure 31–7, after the neurotransmitters are released from the receptors on the
receiving cell, what happens to the neurotransmitter molecules?

5. Apply Concepts If the axon in Figure 31–7 is part of a motor neuron, to what cells are the impulses being
passed?

Alcohol is a legal drug that is classified as a depressant because it causes the brain to slow down heart rate
and breathing rate, lower blood pressure, and relax muscles. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is a measure
of the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. The following graphs illustrate how many alcoholic drinks
consumed in one hour result in different levels of BAC in individuals of different masses. In some states, an
adult driving with a BAC of 0.08% or higher is considered to be legally drunk.
 Figure 31–8

6. Interpret Graphs An individual has a mass of 45 kg and has had one drink. According to Figure 31–8, how
long would it take for his or her BAC to be 0.04% or lower?

7. Interpret Graphs A 48-kg adult has had four drinks in an hour. According to Figure 31–8, could this person
drive legally after three hours?

8. Interpret Graphs Based on Figure 31–8, how is the mass of an individual related to BAC levels?

9. Interpret Graphs A 40-kg person and a 50-kg person each drink 4 drinks in 4 hours. Consult Figure 31–8.
Do they have the same BAC?

10. Apply Concepts A 58-kg person has two cocktails just before dinner and a glass of wine with dinner 30
minutes later. According to Figure 31–8, how long would the individual be in the “Definitely illegal”
category?

Figure 31–9

11. Interpret Graphs What is the name of structure C in Figure 31–9?

12. Apply Concepts Referring to Figure 31–9, which lettered structure receives sensory information, such as the
sound of a car, from the thalamus?

13. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 31–9, which lettered structure is the control center for recognition
and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature?

14. Interpret Graphs In Figure 31–9, how do structures A and B work together?

15. Apply Concepts Referring to Figure 31–9, how does structure F act as a “switchboard” in the body?
Reivew Topic 31(Bank)
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 896

OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 896
OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 896
OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 896
OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: synthesis
5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 901
OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. | 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and
spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
6. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 906
OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
7. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 908
OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. | 31.3.2 Describe the functions of the motor
division of the peripheral nervous system. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 897
OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 897
OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 897
OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 897
OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
12. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 897 | p. 898
OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
13. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 898
OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 900
OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
15. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 900
OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 898 | p. 899
OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. BLM: synthesis
17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 901
OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
18. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 903
OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
19. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 902
OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
20. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 902 | p. 904
OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
21. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904
OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: synthesis
22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904
OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904
OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 904
OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
25. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 906
OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 906
OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
27. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 906
OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
28. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 909
OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system. | 31.4.1 Discuss
the sense of touch and identify the various types of sensory receptors in the skin.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
29. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 910
OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system. | 31.4.2 Explain
the relationship between smell and taste. BLM: knowledge
30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 907
OBJ: 31.3.2 Describe the functions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
31. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 907
 OBJ: 31.3.2 Describe the functions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
32. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 909
OBJ: 31.4.1 Discuss the sense of touch and identify the various types of sensory receptors in the skin.
BLM: comprehension
33. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 909
OBJ: 31.4.1 Discuss the sense of touch and identify the various types of sensory receptors in the skin.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 910
OBJ: 31.4.2 Explain the relationship between smell and taste. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
35. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 910
OBJ: 31.4.2 Explain the relationship between smell and taste. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
36. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 910
OBJ: 31.4.2 Explain the relationship between smell and taste. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 911
OBJ: 31.4.3 Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
38. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 911
OBJ: 31.4.3 Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
39. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 911
OBJ: 31.4.3 Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
40. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 911
OBJ: 31.4.3 Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
41. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 911
OBJ: 31.4.3 Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
42. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 913
OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
43. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 912
OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
44. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 912
OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
45. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 912
OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: analysis

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: F, peripheral nervous system

 PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 896 | p. 907
OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
2. ANS: F, dendrites

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 897

OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
3. ANS: F, slower

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 897

OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: p. 899 OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: analysis
5. ANS: F, action potential

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 898

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. BLM: comprehension
6. ANS: F, cerebrum

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 901

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
7. ANS: F, gray matter

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 902

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
8. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: p. 904 OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
9. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: L1
REF: p. 906
OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system. | 31.4.1 Discuss
the sense of touch and identify the various types of sensory receptors in the skin.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
10. ANS: F, autonomic

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.3.2 Describe the functions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
11. ANS: F, pain receptors

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 909

OBJ: 31.4.1 Discuss the sense of touch and identify the various types of sensory receptors in the skin.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: analysis
12. ANS: F, Most
 PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 910
OBJ: 31.4.2 Explain the relationship between smell and taste. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
13. ANS: F, semicircular canals

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 911

OBJ: 31.4.3 Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
14. ANS: F, rods

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 913

OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
15. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: p. 912 | p. 913
OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension

COMPLETION

1. ANS: central

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 896

OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
2. ANS: nerves

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 897

OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
3. ANS: nodes

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 897

OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
4. ANS: potential

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 898

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
5. ANS: limbic system

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 902

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
6. ANS: brain stem

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 903

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
 BLM: application
7. ANS: dopamine

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
8. ANS: ganglia

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 906

OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system.
BLM: knowledge
9. ANS: reflex arc

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 907

OBJ: 31.3.2 Describe the functions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
10. ANS: somatic

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 907

OBJ: 31.3.2 Describe the functions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application
11. ANS: hypothalamus

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 909

OBJ: 31.4.1 Discuss the sense of touch and identify the various types of sensory receptors in the skin.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: knowledge
12. ANS: taste buds

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 910

OBJ: 31.4.2 Explain the relationship between smell and taste. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: knowledge
13. ANS: ears

PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 911

OBJ: 31.4.3 Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
14. ANS: lens

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 912

OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: comprehension
15. ANS: cones

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 913

OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: application

SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
The central nervous system processes information. The peripheral nervous system communicates information
between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. The peripheral nervous system delivers
information to the central nervous system, and also carries information from the central nervous system to the
muscles and other internal organs.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 896

OBJ: 31.1.1 Identify the functions of the nervous system. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: synthesis
2. ANS:
Impulses travel faster down axons that have myelin sheaths than they travel down axons without them.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 897

OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: evaluation
3. ANS:
An impulse will not be able to pass from one cell to another.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 900

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
4. ANS:
The neuron is at rest because the gated sodium and potassium channels are closed. Also, the concentration of
K
+
ions is higher inside the cell than it is outside the cell.

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 898

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. BLM: analysis
5. ANS:
Impulses are always transmitted in one direction across the synapse because axons, not dendrites, release
neurotransmitters.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 900

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
6. ANS:
The spinal cord is the main communication link between the brain and the rest of the body, transmitting
information, just as a telephone line carries many calls at once.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 901

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application
7. ANS:
The brain stem controls or is involved in some of the body’s most important functions, including breathing,
heart rate, and blood pressure regulation.These involuntary processes are essential to life, so the disruption of
any of these processes can cause death.

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 903

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. BLM: analysis
8. ANS:
 Cocaine causes dopamine to remain in the synapses for longer than normal.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
9. ANS:
A drug user’s brain reacts to excessive dopamine by reducing the number of receptors for the
neurotransmitter. Because there are fewer receptors, larger amounts of the drug are required to produce the
same high.

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. BLM: analysis
10. ANS:
Smells from food activate the chemoreceptors. Going on amusement rides activates mechanoreceptors.
Photoreceptors are stimulated by the sunshine or flashing lights.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 906

OBJ: 31.3.1 Describe the functions of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: analysis
11. ANS:
This test is important because it tests the operation of the reflex arc. It provides information about the
general condition of the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles.

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 907

OBJ: 31.3.2 Describe the functions of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system.
BLM: evaluation
12. ANS:
The chemical substances that make jalapeno peppers taste “hot” actually bind to thermoreceptors in the
mouth.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 909

OBJ: 31.4.1 Discuss the sense of touch and identify the various types of sensory receptors in the skin.
BLM: analysis
13. ANS:
It is incorrect because technically most of what we perceive as “taste” is actually the smell of food.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 910

OBJ: 31.4.2 Explain the relationship between smell and taste. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: evaluation
14. ANS:
Vibrations from the oval window cause waves in the fluid-filled cochlea. The waves cause the movement of
hair cells that line the cochlea. These hair cells send nerve impulses to the brain.

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 911

OBJ: 31.4.3 Identify the parts of the ears that make hearing and balance possible.
BLM: synthesis
15. ANS:
Both rods and cones are photoreceptors in the retina. Rods are sensitive to light but do not distinguish colors.
Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but cones respond to light of different colors.
 PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 913
OBJ: 31.4.4 Describe the major parts of the eye and explain how the eye enables us to see.
TOP: Foundation Edition BLM: analysis

SCIENCE SKILLS

1. ANS:
vesicles

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 900

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
2. ANS:
An impulse reaches the end of the axon of one neuron.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 900

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
3. ANS:
The impulse will travel from the axon to the dendrite of the adjacent neuron, or from top to bottom in this
picture.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 900

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
4. ANS:
The neurotransmitters may be broken down by enzymes, or taken up and recycled by the axon terminal.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 900

OBJ: 31.1.3 Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
5. ANS:
muscle cells and glands

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 900

OBJ: 31.1.2 Describe the function of neurons. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
6. ANS:
two hours

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
7. ANS:
no

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: evaluation
 8. ANS:
Individuals with more mass can consume more alcoholic drinks in the same period of time and have a lower
BAC than individuals with less mass.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
9. ANS:
No. The 40-kg person has a BAC of 0.10% or higher, whereas the 50-kg person has a BAC of 0.05% to
0.09%.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: analysis
10. ANS:
one hour

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 904

OBJ: 31.2.2 Describe the effects of drugs on the brain. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: evaluation
11. ANS:
spinal cord

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 902 | p. 903

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
12. ANS:
structure A, the cerebrum

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 902

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
13. ANS:
structure D, hypothalamus

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 903

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: comprehension
14. ANS:
Structure A, the cerebrum, provides a command such as to move a particular muscle, to structure B, the
cerebellum, which in turn coordinates and balances the actions of the muscle.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 902 | p. 903

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: synthesis
15. ANS:
Structure F is the brain stem and it regulates the flow of information between the brain and the body.

PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 903

OBJ: 31.2.1 Discuss the functions of the brain and spinal cord. TOP: Foundation Edition
BLM: application