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被动语态专题讲解

1.一般现在时的被动结构 eg. We are given a lot of homework to do.

2．一般过去时的被动结构：was /were done. eg. This cup were used for drinking nine years ago
3．一般将来时的被动结构：be going to/ will be done eg. Check carefully, so any mistakes will be caught.
4．进行时的被动结构：be being done. eg. The road is being repaired.
5．完成时的被动结构：have/ has / had been done. eg. They have been given a warning.
6．情态 V 的被动：can /may/ must/should/be done. eg. The rules must be followed.
注意: 非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。
eg. She asked to be given some work to do. He was the last person to be asked to speak.
2. 现在分词/动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。
eg. I saw him being taken away. She likes being looked at.

III. 主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型
1.变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词
eg. The old men and the children must be taken good care of in our country.
【小试牛刀 1】：We should speak to the old carefully. →The old should be spoken to carefully.
This song reminded me of my hometown. ---I was reminded of my hometown by this song.
2. 含有双宾语的动词的被动语 态： 直物间人
show ,pass, give sb.sth.=show, pass .give sth. to sb.
buy, get, cook, make sb. sth.=buy, get, cook, make sth. for sb.
eg: My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) IO
→A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) DO
【小试牛刀 2】：
(1). They told me an interesting story. (间接宾语作了主语) → I was told an interesting story.
(2). Lin Tao passes Jim a ball. (直接宾语作了主语) → A ball is passed to Jim by Lin Tao.
(3). Her mother buys her a book every week.(直接宾语作了主语) →_______________________________.
(4). He showed them a photo.(间接宾语作了主语) →_______________________________.
3.省略 to 的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,加上 to
一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助＋sb+ do sth.
feel, listen to, hear, let/have/make, see, watch, look at, notice, help sb. (to) do
---sb. be made/seen/heard/watched to do sth.
eg: I often hear him sing in his room.→ He is often heard to sing in his room.
【小试牛刀 3】：(1). The boss made her work for sixteen hours a day．
→She was made to work for sixteen hours a day by the boss
注意：听／看＋sb. + do sth. / doing sth.
频率 正在
(3). I saw him drawing at eight yesterday evening. →He was seen drawing at eight yesterday evening.

IV. 不需用被动语态的情况
１. 有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义
⑴. 某些连系动词。这些动词有 feel, taste, smell, sound, look, sound, prove 等。
eg：① The coffee smells delicious. ② The story proved quite false.
⑵. 当 sell, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等通常与 well, easily, slowly, quickly 等副词连用表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形
式表示被动意义。
eg：His novels sell well.
The cloth washes well.
This kind of rice cooks quickly.
This bag carries easily.
注意： His new novels have been sold out.
2. 不及物动词没有被动语态：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，rise(升起)，break
down（坏了），belong to (属于）等.
eg：Influenza(流感) usually breaks out in winter.
I don’t know what has happened to him. He looks pale.
3. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
例如：The poem is not easy to understand.
Your writing is impossible to read.
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Do you think the water is safe to drink?

4. 在 need, want, require+ doing= to be done 等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。
eg：The plants want watering every day. The machine needs repairing at once.
=The plants want to be watered every day. The machine needs to be repaired at once.
be worth doing 值得被做某事
This book is worth reading again.
Ｖ．要注意两类被动句型的相互转换
believe, feel, know, report, say, suppose, think 等
It is believed/ known that… = sb. is believed/ known to do sth.
eg. It is known that he is a good singer.
形式主语 主语从句
= He is known to be a good singer.
It’s reported that he drives fast. = He is reported to drive fast.
【小试牛刀 5】：①. 据说，他能讲几门外语。It is said that he can speak several foreign languages.
②. 据报道，地震后很多人失去了家园。Many people are reported to lose their homes.
③. 大家认为她已经看过这部电影了。It is thought that she has watched the film.
16. —Have you found your ruler yet? —Yes. It ________ in my bag two hours ago.
A. has found B. found C. was found D. has been found
17. My story book ________. I can’t lend it to you.
A. has been lost B. was lost C. has lost D. lost
18. —There’s too much salt in the Chinese diet.
—So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt _______ for each man every day.
A. needs B. will need C. is needed D. has needed
19. Don’t worry. When I leave the room, the door ________ by me.
A. was locked B. is locked C. will be locked D. should be locked
20. Could you please tell me which ________ best among the books on sale?
A. is sold B. are written C. sells D. write
21. Oh, the milk ________ strange, do you think it’s OK to drink?
A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. tasted
22. Some drinks ___ to children for free in this restaurant on Children’s Day next month.
A. offer B. have offered C. will be offered D. are offered
23. —How clean the window is! —Yes. It ________ just now.
A. is cleaned B. has been cleaned C. will be cleaned D. was cleaned
24. It’s reported the Underground No. 3 ________ in our city in two months.
A. will be built B. will build C. has been built D. has build
25. Few students can understand the sentence until it ________ twice or three times.
A. explains B. has explained C. will be explained D. is explained
26. —Did you hear that water in Qin River smelt terrible?
—Yes, in fact, it ________. That’s all because of the people and the factories around.
A. was polluted B. polluted C. has polluted D. will pollute
27. I’ll show you the photos ________ in Congtai Park after they ________.
A. were taken; are come out B. taken; come out
C. were taken; will come out D. taken; are come out
28. —Can you tell me whom the radio ________ by? —Sorry, I’ve no idea.
A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. will be invented
29. No one knows how the huge rock ________ and ________ without modern machines eight hundred years ago.
A. are cut; moved B. were cut; move C. are cut; moving D. were cut; moved
30. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should ________ to go to the bars.
A. allow B. allowing C. be allowed D. be allowing
31. —Some of the plastic bags can’t ________ after July 1st.
—Yes, people will use environment-friendly bags instead.
A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used
32. Last year, Li Hua, a college student, ________ to work for the Olympic Games.
A. is choosing B. is chosen C. was choosing D. was chosen
33. —Mary was heard ________ just now. What happened? —Ken was telling a joke.
A. to laugh B. to cry C. laugh D. cry
34. Attentions, please! All the mobile phones must ________ before the meeting starts.
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A. turn off B. be turned off C. be turning off D. turning off

35. A Disneyland Park ________ in our city in the near future. Have you heard of it?
A. builds B. has built C. will build D. will be built