Name: Section: ___________
Date Performed: ___________________________________ Group Number: ____
Date Submitted: ___________________________________ Score: ____________
Activity No. 2
I. Title: NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
II. INTRODUCTION/CONCEPTS
We have learned in the past lessons how to decscribe motion in one and two dimensions (Kinematics).
But what are the laws and principles that governed motion? What causes motion? For example, how can a
tugboat push a cruise ship that’s much heavier than the tug? Does all kind of force cause motion? What causes
objects to accelerate or decelerate? The answers to these questions take us into the subject of DYNAMICS –
the relationship of motion to the forces that cause it.
III. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of the activity, the students should be able to attain the ability to;
1. Determine the relationship between the force and the acceleration of a body at constant mass.
2. Determine the relationship between the mass and the acceleration of a body at constant force.
IV. MATERIALS
Dynamic Cart 0.5 m - 1 m String
Pulley Set of Weights
Meter Stick Stop Watch
Triple beam balance
V. PROCEDURE
A. Force and Accelertion
1. Set – up the apparatus as shown in the figure below. The mass of the dynamic cart is constant.
1
2. Ask one member of the group to hold the cart in place while another member places 50 grams as
hanging weight. Fg = W = mg
3. Release the cart. Record the time the cart reach the pulley.
4. Measure the distance (meter) the cart travels during the time t. Note that the distance is equal to the
height the hanging weight fall before hitting the ground.
5. Repeat procedure 1 – 4, but this time increase the weight of the hanging object. Use 100 grams and 200
grams mass. Record the data on the table provided.
6. Determine the acceleration of the cart using the equation a = Fnet/m
B. Mass and Acceleration
1. Determine the mass m of the dynamic cart using the triple beam balance or spring balance and record.
2. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure above.
3. Ask one member of the group to hold the cart in place while another member places 200 grams as
hanging weight. Set the hanging weight as constant force Fg = W = mg
4. Release the cart. Record the time the cart reach the pulley.
5. Measure the distance (meter) the cart travels during the time t. Note that the distance is equal to the
height the hanging weight fall before hitting the ground.
6. Repeat procedure 1 – 4, but this time increase the mass of the cart by adding loads to the cart. Make
three trials (Use 50 g, 100 g, and 200 g as the added load). Record the data on the table provided.
7. Determine the acceleration of the cart using the equation a = Fnet/m
VI. DATA: TABULATED RESULTS
A. Force and Acceleration
Mass of the cart: _____________ kilograms
Distance travelled: ____________ meters
Acceleration (m/s2) Acceleration (m/s2)
TRIAL Time (s) Hanging Weight (N)
a = Fnet/m y = vot + ½ a t2
1
2
3
Average
2
Calculation for acceleration: (Use y = vot + ½ a t2 and a = Fnet/a . Show your complete solution)
Graph of force versus acceleration: Assign the force variable on the y – axis and acceleration
on the x – axis. Determine the slope of the graph.
Interpretation of the graph:
B. Mass and Acceleration
Hanging Weight: _____________ Newton
Distance travelled: ____________ meters
TRIAL Time (s) Acceleration (m/s2) Total Mass of the Cart (kg)
1
2
3
Average
3
Calculation for accelerations: (Show your complete solutions)
Graph of mass versus acceleration: Assign the acceleration variable on the y – axis and mass
on the x – axis.
Interpretation of the graph:
VII. FOLLOW – UP QUESTIONS:
1. How does mass affects the acceleration of the moving object?
2. What is the relationship between the load and the acceleration of the cart?
3. Where do the possible errors come from?
VIII. CONCLUSION:
