1

CHUKKA HIGH SCHOOL

F 1 BIOLOGY
DEC 2024 HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT
1. Write three major differences between plants and animals.
2. List the use of the energy obtained from the process of respiration.
3. State three characteristic similar in plants and animals
4. What is meant by the term binomial nomenclature? (1mk)
5. Give two reasons why classification is important (2mks)
6. Explain the following terms; (3mks)
a) Classification
b) Taxonomy
c) Binomial nomenclature
7. Blackjack (Bidens pilosa) belongs to the family compositae. What does pilosa stand for?
8. Define the term species. (1mk)
9. Distinguish between Taxonomy and taxon. (1mk)
10. Which organelle would be abundant in?
a) Skeletal muscle cell

b) Palisade cell

11. State the functions of the following organelles.

a) Lysosomes

b) Golgi apparatus

c) Ribosomes

12. Name the organelles that perform each of the following functions in a cell.
a) Protein synthesis

b) Transport cell secretions

13. a) Define biology

b) List the branches of biology

c) Explain the importance of biology

1
 2

14. State the characteristics of living organisms

15.State the main differences between plants and animals

16. i) What is a hand lens?

ii) How is a hand lens used?

iii) When is a hand lens used?

iv) Explain how to calculate drawing magnification

17. a) what is classification?

b) List the external features used to classify plants

c) List the external features used to classify animals

18. a) Give the reasons why classification is important

b) Name the taxonomic units of classification in descending order

c) Name the major kingdoms used in classification

19. a) Define the term binomial nomenclature

b) State the principles followed during binomial nomenclature

c) Give the advantages of using binomial nomenclature

20. a) Define the term cell

b) What is cell biology?

21. a) What is a microscope?

b) Name the types of microscope

c) State the purpose of using a light microscope

d) Draw a labeled sketch of a light microscope

e) State the functions of the labeled part

22. a) Explain the procedure followed when using a microscope

b) State the precautions that are necessary when handling a microscope

23. i) What is magnification?

ii) Give the formula used to calculate magnification in a light microscope

24. Give the reasons for each of the following steps when preparing a cross-section of a stem or leaf
for examination under the microscope

2
 3

i) cutting very thin sections

ii) Using a sharp razor blade during the cutting

iii) Placing sections in water

iv) Staining the sections with iodine before observing

25. i) List the parts of a cell that can be seen under a light microscope

ii) Draw the general structure of a plant and animal cell

iii)List the parts of a cell that can be seen under an electronic microscope and state the
functions of each part.
iv) Compare plant and animal cells

26. Explain the meaning of each of the following

i) Cell
ii) Tissue

iii) Organ

iv) Organ system

27. i) Name the structures which are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells

ii) Name the structures which are present in animal cells but absent in plant cells

28. Explain how to estimate cell size

29. i) In a drawing of a giraffe, the height of the head from the ground was recorded as 10cm. the
drawing also showed a magnification of 0.02. calculate the actual height of the giraffe

30. a) i) Define cell physiology

ii) What is diffusion?

iii) State the factors affecting diffusion

iv ) Explain the roles of diffusion in living organism

v) Suggest an experiment to demonstrate diffusion

31. i) What is osmosis?

ii) State the factors affecting osmosis

iii) Explain the roles of osmosis in living organisms

32.Explain the following terms

i) Hyponotic

3
 4

ii) Isotonic

iii) Hypertonic

iv) Turgor pressure

v) Plasmolysis
v i) Wilting

vii) Haemolysis

33. i) What is active transport?

ii) State the factors affecting active transport

iii) Why is oxygen important in the process of active transport?

34. discuss the factors that affect the rates of the following process in living organisms.

a.) diffusion
b.)osmosis
c.) active transport
35. explain what happens when plant and animal cells are put in hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.

a) i) plant cells in hypotonic solution.

ii.) Plant cells in hypertonic solution.

b. i) Animal cells in hypotonic solution.

ii.) animal cells in hypertonic solution.

36.) Explain briefly the role of active transport in living organisms.

37. a) i) Define nutrition

ii) State the importance of nutrition

38. Differentiate the various modes of feeding

39. a) i) Define photosynthesis

ii. State the importance of photosynthesis

40. discuss Structural adaptation of the leaf to its function

41. Describe the structure and function of chloroplast

Structure
Function

4
 5

Adaptations

42. i) Give a word equation for photosynthesis

ii) describe briefly the process of photosynthesis in plants.

iii) factors that cause high rate of photosynthesis.

iv) Give the differences between the light and dark reactions during photosynthesis

4 3 . a) i) What are chemicals of life?

ii) What are organic compounds?

iii) List the organic compounds

b) i) What are carbohydrates?

ii) Name the groups of carbohydrates

iii) State the general functions of carbohydrates

c) i) what are proteins?

ii) Name the types of amino acids

iii) State the classes of proteins

iv) Give the functions of proteins

d ) i) What are lipids

ii) Name the types of lipids

iii) What are the building blocks of lipids?

iv) State the functions of lipids

44. i) What are enzymes?

ii) State the properties of enzymes

iii) State the factors that affect enzyme action

iv) Name the types of enzyme inhibitors

v) What are the functions of enzymes?

45. a) Explain the various types of heterotrophic nutrition

b) Differentiate between omnivorous, carnivorous and herbivorous modes of nutrition

Herbivorous
Omnivorous

Carnivorous

5
 6

46.i) What is dentition?

ii) Distinguish between the terms homodont and heterodont

iii) Name the types of teeth found in mammals

47. Describe the adaptations and functions of various types of mammalian teeth
48. i) Draw a labeled diagram to represent internal structure of a mammalian tooth.

ii) State the functions of the labeled structures labeled in ( i)

49. a) What is dental formula?

b) How would one use dental formula to identify the following?

i) Herbivores

ii) Carnivore

50. State the functions of the following structures in mammals

i) Carnassials

ii) Pad of gum

51. Name the common dental diseases

52. a) i) What is digestion?

ii) Draw human digestive system

53. Describe the process of digestion in the various parts of the human digestive system

Mouth

Oesophagus

Stomach

Duodenum

Ileum

Colon

Rectum

Anus

54. Explain how mammalian intestines are adapted to perform their function

55. What is the function of hydrochloric acid in digestion?

56 i) What is assimilation?

6
 7

ii) State the uses of digested food in the bodies of animals

57. Name the types of food substances in the food that do not undergo digestion in human digestive
system

58. Explain the importance of the following food substances in human nutrition

Vitamins

Mineral salts

Roughage

Water

59.) Explain the factors that determine energy requirements in humans

60.) Explain various tests carried out on food

Test Procedure Observation Conclusion

Starch

Reducing sugar

Non-reducing sugar

Proteins

Ascorbic acid
(Vitamin C)

Fats/oils (lipids)

HAPPY HOLIDAYS