Class XI Session 2024-25

Subject - Biology
Sample Question Paper - 2

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper has five sections and 33 questions. All questions are compulsory.

3. Section–A has 16 questions of 1 mark each; Section–B has 5 questions of 2 marks each; Section– C has 7

questions of 3 marks each; Section– D has 2 case-based questions of 4 marks each; and Section–E has 3 questions

of 5 marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student has to

attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.

5. Wherever necessary, neat and properly labeled diagrams should be drawn.

Section A
1. In Magnifera indica Linn, Linn denotes: [1]

a) The name of the author who first described b) The name of the author who first described
the genus. the formation

c) The name of the author who first described d) The name of the author who first described
the subspecies. the species.
2. What is the average amount of urine produced by a human in a day? [1]

a) 1.4 litres b) 15 litres

c) 18 litres d) 180 litres

3. Base pairs found in 5 turns of DNA spirals are _______. [1]

a) 50 b) 100

c) 10 d) 20
4. Epiblema of roots is equivalent to: [1]

a) Pericycle b) Stele

c) Epidermis d) Endodermis
5. An ORD found chiefly among stonecutters due to inhalation of fine stone particles is named_______. [1]

a) Bronchitis b) Chalicosis

c) Siderosis d) Asthma
6. Dark fixation of CO2 in CAM plants is called ossification because it produces: [1]

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 a) Oxaloacetic acid b) Malic acid

c) Tartaric acid d) Formic acid

7. pH of urine under healthy conditions is: [1]

a) Slightly alkaline b) Slightly acidic

c) Neutral d) Highly alkaline

8. Frog shows which kind of excretion? [1]

a) Ammonotelic in water and ureotelic on land b) Ureotelic

c) Uricotelic d) Ammonotelic
9. In the wheat field, some broad-leaved weeds were seen by a farmer, which plant hormone would you suggest [1]
getting rid of the same?

a) 2 : 6-D and 2 : 2 :5 T b) 2 : 4-D and 2 : 4 :5 T

c) 2 : 2-D and 2 : 4 :6 T d) 2 : 5-D and 2 : 5 :5 T

10. A Prothallus is: [1]

a) A structure in pteridophytes formed before b) A sporophytic free-living structure formed

the thallus develops. in pteridophytes.

c) A gametophyte free-living structure formed d) A primitive structure formed after

in pteridophytes. fertilization in pteridophytes.
11. Which of the following pairs is wrong? [1]

a) Ammonotelic - Tadpole b) Uricotelic - Birds

c) Ureotelic - Elephant d) Ureotelic - Insects

12. The oxygen - haemoglobin dissociation curve will show a right shift in case of: [1]

a) Less H+ concentration b) Low pCO2

c) High pCO2 d) High pO2

13. Assertion (A): Bacteria do not always move with the help of flagella. [1]
Reason (R): Rotary motion of flagellum is employed by flagellated bacteria for movement.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of the diaphragm which increases the volume of the [1]
thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis.
Reason (R): The contraction of external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an increase
in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): Elemental analysis gives the elemental composition of living tissues in the form of hydrogen, [1]

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 oxygen, chlorine, carbon, etc.
Reason (R): Wet weight is the weight of living tissue and the remains of living tissue after drying gives dry
weight.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): The amount of CO2 that can diffuse through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial [1]

pressure is much higher compared to that of O2.

Reason (R): The solubility of CO2 is 20-25 times higher than that of O2.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. List out the functions of the ground tissue system. [2]
18. How do different senses work in frog? Explain in brief. [2]
19. What is the role of second messenger in protein hormone action? [2]
20. Why there is a need to standardise the system of naming of living organisms? [2]
21. Write the equation to express Cornelius van Niel's findings. [2]
OR
State the law proposed by Blackman for various factors operative for photosynthesis.
Section C
22. The male and female reproductive organs of several pteridophytes and gymnosperms are comparable to floral [3]
structures of angiosperms. Make an attempt to compare the various reproductive parts of pteridophytes and
gymnosperms with reproductive structures of angiosperms.
23. Differentiate between an Insect and Spider. [3]
24. Find and write down structures of 10 interesting small molecular weight biomolecules. Find if there is any [3]
industry which manufactures the compounds by isolation. Find out who are the buyers.
25. State any three functions of indole acetic acid in plants. [3]
26. What makes the synovial joint freely movable? List any two types of synovial joints. [3]
27. Write the differences between: [3]
a. Blood and Lymph
b. Open and Closed system of circulation
c. Systole and Diastole
d. P-wave and T-wave
OR
Why is there no mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood in the human heart normally?
28. Briefly describe the structure of the Brain. [3]
Section D
29. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The fungi constitute a unique kingdom of heterotrophic organisms. They show a great diversity in morphology

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 and habitat. Fungi are cosmopolitan and occur in air, water, soil, and on animals and plants. They prefer to grow
in warm and humid places. Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates
and hence are called saprophytes. When a fungus reproduces sexually, two haploid hyphae of compatible mating
types come together and fuse. In some fungi, the fusion of two haploid cells immediately results in diploid cells
(2n). The fungiform fruiting bodies in which reduction division occurs, leading to the formation of haploid
spores. Symbionts - in association with algae as lichens and with roots of higher plants as mycorrhiza.

i. Observe the given flow chart of reproduction and mention which steps involves in the sexual cycle of fungi.
(1)
ii. What is Rhizopus? Also, mention Rhizopus - wheat rush a correct match? (1)
iii. What is Mycorrhiza? And mention its function. (2)
OR
In which form Fungi Stores Food Material? Do fungi have food vacuoles? (2)
30. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Each flower normally has four floral whorls, viz., calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. The calyx is the
outermost whorl of the flower and the members are called sepals. Corolla is composed of petals. Petals are
usually brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination. The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral
bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl is known as aestivation. The main types of aestivation
are valvate, twisted, imbricate. The shape and colour of corolla vary greatly in plants. Corolla may be tubular,
bell- shaped, funnel-shaped or wheel-shaped and vexillary.

i. Observe the given figure mentioned A, B, C and D. Also mention its function. Identify D and mention its
example. (1)
ii. Ganosepalous, Ganopetalous, Polysepalous, Polypetalous, Imbricate. (1)
iii. What is Valvate and twisted aestivation? (2)
OR

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 Which of the following shows imbricate? Explain imbricate aestivation? (2)

Section E
31. With the help of suitable diagrams describe mitosis. [5]
OR
Explain, why a pair of homologous chromosomes is genetically different, but a pair of sister chromatids is genetically
identical before crossing over in meiosis.
32. Differentiate between Aerobic respiration and Fermentation. [5]
OR
Does pyruvic acid enter the Krebs’ cycle directly?
33. Give a detail description of plastids with the help of suitable diagram. [5]
OR
Discuss the basic structural organisation of a typical cell.

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 Solution

Section A
1.
(d) The name of the author who first described the species.
Explanation: In Mangifera indica Linn, the word ‘Linn’ indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus. Hence, the
correct option is the name of the author who first described the species.
2. (a) 1.4 litres
Explanation: The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day (with a normal fluid intake of about
2 liters per day). This is the range.
800+2000
So average = 2
= 1400ml = 1.4 L

3. (a) 50
Explanation: Each turn of DNA spirals contains 10 base pairs. So, in five turns of DNA total number of Base pair is 5 × 10 =
50 base pairs.
4.
(c) Epidermis
Explanation: Epiblema is found in root as single outermost layer through which root hairs arises.
5.
(b) Chalicosis
Explanation: An ORD found mainly among the stonecutters due to inhalation of fine stone particles is called as Chalicosis. It
causes inflammation of the bronchioles causing respiratory difficulties.
6.
(b) Malic acid
Explanation: The dark reaction of Carbon dioxide fixation in CAM plants is called ossification because it produces Malic
acid. These plants open their stomata during the night to prevent transpiration.
7.
(b) Slightly acidic
Explanation: The pH of urine under healthy conditions is slightly less than 7 so, slightly acidic in nature.
8.
(b) Ureotelic
Explanation: Excretion of urea as metabolic waste is known as Ureotelism. Animals secreting urea are called ureotelic. Frog is
ureotelic.
9.
(b) 2 : 4-D and 2 : 4 :5 T
Explanation: Plant hormone 2 : 4-D and 2 : 4 : 5 T have ability to kills the weeds in the crop field. Weeds are unwanted plants
that grow along with crop plants and compete with the crop for nutrient and water.
10.
(c) A gametophyte free-living structure formed in pteridophytes.
Explanation: A gametophyte free-living structure formed in pteridophytes which is of short duration.
11.
(d) Ureotelic - Insects
Explanation: Insects excrete uric acid so they are uricotelic organisms.
12.
(c) High pCO2

Explanation: The oxygen-haemoglobin curve is shifted to the right when there is high pCO2, low pO2, high H+ concentration,
and high temperature.

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13.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Myxobacteria do not have flagella and move by gliding movement.
14.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the
antero-posterior axis. The contraction of external inter-costal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an increase in
the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis.
15.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Living organisms are made of only a small selection of these elements, four of which are carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, and oxygen make up 96.5% of an organism's weight.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
17. Functions of the ground tissue systems are as follows:
i. It provides mechanical strength while showing bending.
ii. It has spaces to allow gaseous exchange between cortex and atmosphere.
iii. It carries out photosynthesis.
18. Sense Organs in Frog:
Frog has different types of sense organs which are as follows:
(a) Sensory papillae or organs of touch,
(b) Taste buds.
(c) Nasal epithelium for the sense of smell,
(d) Eyes for vision and
(e) Tympanum with internal ears for hearing.
Out of these, eyes and internal ears are well-organised structures and the rest are cellular aggregations around nerve endings. Eyes
in a frog are a pair of spherical structures situated in the orbit in skull. These are simple eyes. External ear is absent in frogs and
only tympanum can be seen externally. The ear is an organ of hearing as well as balancing.
19. Hormones which do not enter the target cells, interact with specific receptors located on the surface of the target cell membranes
and generates second messengers (e.g., cAMP) on the inner side of the plasma membrane. The second messenger, in turn, carries
out all the hormonal functions.
20. There are millions of living organisms in the world. Often, these organisms are known by their local names that vary from place to
place, even within a country. Hence, the naming process of living organism is standardised in a way that a particular organism is
known by the same name all over the world in the scientific community.
21. 2H2A + CO2 ⟶ 2A + CH2O + H2O
OR
Law of Limiting Factors: Proposed by F.F. Blackman (1905), this law states that “if a chemical process is affected by more than
one factor, then its rate would be determined by a factor that is nearest to its minimal value; it is the factor that directly affects
process if its quantity is changed”.
Section C

22. Structure Pteridophyte Gymnosperm Angiosperm

Main Gametophyte bears Microsporophylls and

reproductive antheridia and megasporophylls represent the Flower bears antheridium and gynoecium.
part archegonia gametophyte.

Male
Antheridia produce The male cone is highly reduced Antheridia are composed of an anther and a slender stalk.
reproductive
male gamete. in size. Anther produces the pollen grains, i.e. male gametes.
part

Female Archegonia The megasporophyll is large in The gynoecium contains the ovary, style and stigma. The
reproductive produce the female size and is easily apparent as the fertilised egg develops inside the ovary and eventually,

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 part gamete. female cone. seeds are produced.

23. An Insect A Spider

The body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. The body is divided into cephalothorax and abdomen.

Have three pairs of jointed legs. Has four pairs of jointed legs.

Spinning organs absent. The abdomen bears spinning organs.

No carapace. Cephalothorax covered by a carapace.

Generally, have simple eyes. Compound eyes are lacking.

It has varieties of feeding habits. It is a predator.

24. Small Molecular Weight Biomolecules: Lactic acid, simple sugars, pentoses, hexoses, lipids, fatty acids, amino acids and
nucleotides.
Sugar and cotton, as well as biotechnological industries, manufactures the compounds by isolation.

25. i. It promotes growth and elongation of roots and stems and many fruits.
ii. In many plants, indole acetic acid promotes cell division and induces apical dominance.
iii. It also induces parthenocarpy.
26. The synovial joints are freely movable joints. The presence of synovial fluid in the synovial cavity makes this joint movable.
This fluid lubricates the joint for free and easy movement. The articulating bones provide considerable movement but articulating
surfaces are kept in close contact by a fibrous capsule. The examples of synovial joints are :
i. Ankle joint and
ii. Shoulder joint etc.
27. a. Blood contains RBCs and hence can transport gases. Lymph doesn't contain RBCs and cannot transport gases. Lymph mainly
contains WBCs and play a role in the immune system of the body.
b. The Open Circulatory System is a system in which fluid (called hemolymph) in a cavity called the hemocoel bathes the organs
directly with oxygen and nutrients and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid this combined fluid is called
hemolymph or haemolymph. The cardiovascular systems of humans are closed, meaning that the blood never leaves the
network of blood vessels.
c. Systole is the contraction of heart muscle and diastole is the dilatation of the heart muscle.
d. Each peak in the ECG is identified with a letter from P to T that corresponds to a specific electrical activity of the heart. The
P-wave represents the electrical excitation (or depolarisation) of the atria, which leads to the contraction of both the atria. The
QRS complex represents the depolarisation of the ventricles, which initiates the ventricular contraction. The contraction starts
shortly after Q and marks the beginning of the systole. The T-wave represents the return of the ventricles from excited to
normal state (repolarisation). The end of the T-wave marks the end of systole.
OR
The human heart is a four-chambered organ two atria and two ventricles. The two auricles are partitioned by a septum into a
right auricle receiving only deoxygenated blood and a left auricle receiving only oxygenated blood. Due to further advancement in

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 the human heart, the ventricle is completely partitioned into the right ventricle and left ventricle to prevent mixing of
deoxygenated and oxygenated blood.
28. Structure of brain. The human brain is well protected by the skull. Inside the skull, the brain is covered by cranial meanings
consisting of an outer layer called dura mater, a very thin middle layer called archnoid and an inner layer called pia mater. The
brain can be divided into three major parts. (i) Forebrain (ii) Midbrain and (iii) Hindbrain.

Section D
29. i. The sexual cycle of fungi involves the following steps :
a. The fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes is called plasmogamy.
b. The fusion of two nuclei is called karyogamy.
c. Meiosis in zygote results in haploid spores.
ii. Rhizopus is a fungus that reproduces by spore formation.
No, Rhizopus - wheat rush is not a correct match.
iii. Mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots are called mycorrhizae.
Fungi that form mycorrhizal ( mycorrhizal fungi) can deliver inorganic nutrients such as phosphate.
In exchange, the plants supply the fungi with organic nutrients.
OR
Fungi store food in the form of glycogen, along with oil bodies.
Plants, protists, mammals, and fungi all have vacuoles in their cells. Food vacuoles are sacs enclosed by a membrane and have
a digestive function.
30. i. A-androecium, B-gynoecium, C-corolla, D-calyx
Androecium: It contains pollen grains, which are responsible for reproduction in the male part of the plant.
Gynoecium: It holds ovary, which is transformed into fruit after fertilization.
Corolla: The corolla promotes pollination and protects the reproductive organs.
Calyx: The main function of the calyx is to protect the floral shoot during the bud stage.
ii. Ganosepalous: Plants with many fused sepals are known as Gamosepalous. Eg, Hibiscus, Periwinkle, etc.
Polypetalous: Polysepalous plants are also categorized based on sepals. Eg, Rose, Southern magnolia, etc.
iii. When the margins of the petals are in contact with each other without overlapping, it is called valvate aestivation. For
example, Calotropis.
Contoured or twisted estivation occurs when the margin of one petal overlaps the margin of the next. Example -
Hibiscus.
OR
Figure (c), Imbricate aestivation occurs when the margins of sepals or petals overlap without a clear direction. There is an
irregular overlapping of petals by each other in this type of aestivation.
Section E
31. Mitosis is divided into the following four stages:
i. Prophase
Condensation of chromosomal material starts. The chromosomal material becomes untangled during the process of
chromatin condensation.
The centriole, which had undergone duplication during S phase of interphase now begins to move towards opposite
poles of the cell.

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 At the end of prophase, Golgi complexes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus and the nuclear envelope disappear.

ii. Metaphase
The metaphase is characterized by all the chromosomes coming to lie at the equator.
One chromatid of each chromosome connected by its kinetochore to spindle fibres from one pole and its sister
chromatid connected by its kinetochore to spindle fibres from the opposite pole.
The plane of alignment of the chromosomes at metaphase is referred to as the metaphase plate.
iii. Anaphase
At the onset of anaphase, each chromosome arranged at the metaphase plate is split simultaneously and make the two
daughter chromatids.
They are now referred to as chromosomes of the future daughter nuclei and begin their migration towards the two
opposite poles.
As each chromosome moves away from the equatorial plate, the centromere of each chromosome is towards the pole
and hence at the leading edge, with the arms of the chromosome trailing behind.
iv. Telophase
This is the stage which shows the following key events:
Chromosomes cluster at opposite spindle poles and their identity is lost as discrete elements.
Nuclear envelope assembles around the chromosome clusters.
Nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER reform.
v. Cytokinesis
Karyokinesis is followed by cell division to form two daughter cells. This process is called cytokinesis at the end of which cell
division is complete.
OR
A pair of homologous chromosomes are genetically different because in a set of homologous chromosomes, one of the
chromosomes belongs to the male parent and the other comes from the female parent. Therefore, one of a pair will contain
paternal genes and the other will contain maternal genes.
However, a pair of sister chromatids are genetically identical before crossing over as the chromatids are formed from the
replication of DNA during the ‘S’ phase of interphase. DNA replication ensures that the DNA content is doubled with identical
genes being copied from the original DNA. Therefore, there is no genetic variation because there is no exchange of genetic
material between sister chromatids.
If crossing over occurs, then it would be possible for some genes to be exchanged between the chromatids of homologous
chromosomes that have chiasmata, thus leading to genetic variation.

32. Aerobic respiration Anaerobic Respiration

1. It occurs in presence of oxygen. 1. It occurs in absence of oxygen.

2. Glucose is completely oxidized. 2. Glucose is partially oxidized.

3. More energy is liberated (36 to 38 ATP) 3. Relatively small amount of energy is liberated (2 ATP)

4. Occurs in many anaerobic bacteria and human muscle

4.Occurs in plant and animal cells
cells
5. Lactic Acid or Alcohol is produced as the by product of
5. CO2 and water is produced as the by product
respiration

6. Aerobic respiration takes place in both cytoplasm and 6. This takes place only in the cytoplasm of the cell.
mitochondria of the cell

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 OR
No, before pyruvic acid as such does not enter Krebs’ cycle, pyruvate is first decarboxylated, and then oxidized by the enzyme
pyruvate dehydrogenase to form acetyl Co-A. This molecule enters the mitochondria for a further oxidation reaction. This is the
connecting link between glycolysis and Krebs’ cycle.
During the process, NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+. The summary of the reaction is given below
P yruvate dehydrogenase

Pyruvic acid + Co-A + NAD+ −−−−−−−−−−−−−−→ Acetyl Co-A + CO2 + NADH + H+

2+
Mg

During this process, two molecules of NADH are produced (from the metabolism of two molecules of pyruvic acid produced
during glycolysis), and thus, it results in a net gain of 6 ATP molecules (2 NADH × 3 = 6 ATP).
33. Plastids are found in all plant cells and in euglenoids. These are easily observed under the microscope as they are large. They bear
some specific pigments, thus imparting specific colours to the plants. Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into
chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts.
i. Chloroplasts: The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments which are responsible for trapping light energy
essential for photosynthesis.
ii. Chromoplasts: In the chromoplasts fat-soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present. This
gives the part of the plant a yellow, orange or red colour.
iii. Leucoplasts: The leucoplasts are the colourless plastids of varied shapes and sizes with stored nutrients: Amyloplasts store
carbohydrates (starch), e.g. potato elaioplasts store oils and fats whereas the aleuroplasts store proteins.
iv. Shape and Size of Chloroplasts: Majority of the chloroplasts of the green plants are found in the mesophyll cells of the
leaves. These are lens-shaped, oval, spherical, discoid or even ribbon-like organelles having variable length (5-10 nm) and
width (2-4nm). Their number varies from 1 per cell of the Chlamydomonas, a green alga to 20-40 per cell in the mesophyll.

v. Structure of Chloroplasts: Like mitochondria, the chloroplasts are also double membrane-bound. Of the two, the inner
chloroplast membrane is relatively less permeable. The space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called the
stroma. A number of organised flattened membranous sacs called thylakoids are present in the stroma. Thylakoids are
arranged in stacks like the piles of coins called grana (singular: granum) or the internal thylakoids. In addition, there are flat
membranous tubules called the stroma lamellae connecting the thylakoids of the different grana. The membrane of the
thylakoids encloses a space called a lumen. The stroma of the chloroplast contains enzymes required for the synthesis of
carbohydrates and proteins. It also contains small, double-stranded circular DNA molecules and ribosomes. Chlorophyll
pigments are present in the thylakoids. The ribosomes of the chloroplasts are smaller (70 S) than the cytoplasmic ribosomes
(80 S).
OR
The basic structural organisation of a typical cell is as follows:
i. Nucleus, the central part, and brain of the cell, which is spherical in shape. Its number can be one or more per cell. It is denser
than the surrounding cytoplasm. The nucleus is composed of chromosomes (contains the genetic material, i.e., DNA), nuclear
membrane and centrioles (non-membrane bound organelle present in only animal cells, which helps in cell division).
ii. Cytoplasm, a semi-fluid matrix that occupies the volume of the cell. It is mainly composed of water with free-floating
molecules. Inside the cytoplasm, all cellular activities like a gaseous exchange, elimination of wastes, hereditary mechanisms,
etc., occur.
Eukaryotic cells also contain another cell membrane-bound distinct structures called cell organelles, like mitochondria,
vacuoles, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Golgi complex, etc.
The prokaryotic cells lack all these membrane-bound organelles. It is to be noted that as ribosomes are not bounded by a

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 membrane and are found in all cells. Ribosomes are also found in chloroplasts (in plants) and mitochondria and on rough ER
other than the cytoplasm. Animal cells contain another non-membrane bound organelle called centriole, which helps in cell
division.
iii. Outer membrane, the boundary of the cell, which provides protection to the cell and controls the exchange of ions, molecules
and other components in and out of the cell. The outer membrane of a cell contains cell wall (only in plant cells) and plasma
membrane.

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