- Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 Identify two legal controls over 2 Only award the first two
employment. responses given.
Award 1 mark per legal control
(max 2).
Points might include:
• (Unfair) dismissal
• Discrimination/equal
opportunities
• Health and safety
• Legal minimum wage
• Legal minimum age/child
labour
• Contract of
employment/conditions of
employment
• Redundancy
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2 2
Define ‘job description’.
Award 2 marks for a full definition.
Award 1 marks for a partial
definition.
Outlines the responsibilities and
duties to be carried out by someone
employed to do a specific job [2]

OR
A list of the key points about a job,
job title, key duties, responsibilities,
and accountabilities [2]
OR
A description of the tasks, role, and
responsibilities of a particular
position [2]
OR
What the job entails/explains the
job with a list of suitable content
[2]
Partial definition, e.g. What they
must do in a job/list of content
[1]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3 Identify two reasons why a 2 Only award the first two

business might offer training to responses given.
its employees.
Award 1 mark per reason (max
2).
Points might include:
• To introduce a new
process/new equipment
• Improve
efficiency/productivity
• Increase output
• Reduce mistakes/fewer
errors/better quality goods or
services
• Improve employee skills
• Increase knowledge •
Improve motivation
• Help reduce labour turnover
• Decrease the chance of
accidents
• Familiarise new employees
with business/other
employees
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4 Explain two stages of the 6 This is a general

question
recruitment and selection process so there are no marks
for
that businesses use. Which stage application.
do you think is more important?
Justify your answer. The focus of the answer
should focus on the
Award up to 2 marks for business and not
identification of relevant points. employees.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points.
Award 2 marks for a justified
decision as to which stage of the
recruitment and selection process
is more important.
Points might include:
• Job analysis [k] helps work
out whether need to recruit
someone / tasks and duties can
be given to someone else
[an]
• Job description [k] provides a
clear idea of what job involves
[an] so can help avoid
applications from people who
cannot do the job [an]
• Person / job specification [k]
identifies qualifications / skills
/ experience needed [an]
• Advertising the vacancy [k]
which raises awareness of the
job [an] increasing the number
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

of potential applicants [an]

• Shortlisting / screening [k]
allows business to reduce the
number of candidates who will
be interviewed [an]
• Interview [k] allows you to
find out more about the
candidate (in terms of abilities
/ skills) [an] but this may be
time consuming [an]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
Justification might include:
A job description [k] is helpful as
it sets out the roles and
responsibilities of job
[an].Another
stage is advertising the vacancy
[k]
which helps make people aware
about the jobs [an]. I think the job
description is more important
because without knowing what you
want the person to do, the business
is unlikely to know if it has found
a suitable candidate [eval]. This
means that the money spent on
advertising may not be cost
effective. [eval]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5 Define on-the-job training. 2 Do not award answers

which clearly relate to
Award 2 marks for a full definition.
induction.
Award 1 mark for a partial
definition. Accept: Watching a more
experienced worker
Training at the place of work,
doing the job [2]
watching or following an
experienced employee [2]
OR
Training at the place of work
usually the person does the actual
job while an experienced employee
observes and guides him or her,
making corrections as required
[2]
Partial definition e.g. training while
you are working [1]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6 Do you think an interview is the 6 This is a general question

best way for a large business to so there are no marks for
select new employees? Justify application.
your answer.
For evaluation to be
Award up to 2 marks for awarded justification will
identification of relevant points. usually follow on from
relevant analysis of
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
points.
development of points.
Award 2 marks for a justified
decision as to whether an interview
is the best way for a large business
to select new employees.
Points might include:
Interview:
• Able to use in-depth
questions/obtain detailed
answers [k] allowing them to
understand their
qualities/personality [an]
• Able to read/see body
language/facial expressions
[k]
• Time consuming to set
up/carry out (multiple
interviews) [k] so (Human
Resources) manager has less
time to focus on other
activities [an]
Other options include:
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

• Skills test [k] shows/proves

the person can carry out the
required tasks[an] but may not
be feasible to perform some
activities (as depends on what
the job is) [an]
• Group situation / role play [k]
which allows an opportunity
to show interpersonal skills
such as communication /
leadership qualities /whether
person interacts well with
others [an] but the actions of
others may distort process
[an]
• Assessment centre/days [k]
Other appropriate answers should
also be credited.
Justification might include:
Interviews mean the business can
discuss the candidates
experiences
in detail [k] which can allow
them
to understand their individual
qualities [an]. Whereas a group
activity [k] offers the opportunity
to actually show the individuals
interpersonal skills such as
leadership or team qualities [an].
No, I do not think an interview is
always the best way as it depends
on the job. A group situation is
better method as there may be
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

limited value in appointing

someone who is good in a 1-to-1
situation if they cannot work as part
of team [eval] and in a large
business they are likely to have to
work closely with many other
people. [eval] [eval]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

7 Do you think an organisation 6 This is a general question

should always use external so there are no marks for
recruitment when recruiting application.
skilled employees? Justify your
answer. For evaluation to be
awarded justification will
Award up to 2 marks for usually follow on from
identification of relevant points. relevant analysis of
points.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points. Advantages of external
recruitment can be
Award 2 marks for a justified
disadvantages of internal
decision as to whether an
but do not award the
organisation should always use same point twice as
external recruitment when
mirror answers are not
recruiting skilled employees.
accepted.
Points might include:
External recruitment:
• Bring in new skills / ideas [k]
which could help improve
productivity /effectiveness /
efficiency of business [an]
• Can bring in valuable
knowledge and experience of
competition [k] gaining a
competitive edge [an]
• Wider choice of applicants [k]
increases possibility of finding
best person for job [an]
• Wider choice of applicants [k]
increases possibility of finding
best person for job [an]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

• No knowledge of how
business works / current
operations [k] so might need
induction training [an]
• Avoids risk of upsetting
employees when someone
internal is promoted [k]
• Higher recruitment costs [k]
• More time spent / takes longer
to fill vacancy [k]
• Required if no suitable
candidates in the business
[k]
Internal recruitment:
• Can help motivate other
employees [k] which could
lead to fewer people leaving /
reduce absenteeism [an]
• Internal promotion can create
another vacancy that then
needs to be filled [k]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
Justification might include:
External recruitment can bring in
new skills and ideas [k] helping
improve productivity [an]. Whereas
using internal recruitment can help
motivate other employees [k] which
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

could lead to fewer people leaving

[an]. Overall, it depends on the
skills within the business because
if there are no suitable workers
external recruitment would be the
only choice. [eval] [eval]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8 Explain one possible effect on 6 To use words from the

BCZ and one possible effect on stem as application,
its employees of the new legal
the reference must be
controls that will reduce the
appropriate (i.e. make
maximum number of working
hours. sense) in relation to the
point being made.
Award 1 mark for identification of
each relevant effect (max 2). The following words are
likely to be appropriate
Award 1 mark for each relevant for this question:
reference to this business (max
2). • Cement
• Factory
Award 1 mark for each relevant
explanation (max 2). • 35 or 45 or 10
hours
Points might include:
• 12 countries
Effect on BCZ:
• External costs
• Lower output [k] in the
factory [app] so fewer Other appropriate
sales/less revenue [an] examples in context can
still be credited.
• May need to recruit more
workers [k] to make cement
[app] leading to an increase in
recruitment/training costs
[an]
• May encourage BCZ to
become more capital intensive
[k] which will reduce the
number of workers [an]
• Lower labour costs (if do not
need extra workers) [k]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

Effect on BCZs employees:

• Lower pay [k] as only able to
work 35 hours [app] so lower
standard of living [an]
• Better health / work life
balance [k]
• May have to look for a
second/another job [k]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

9 Define ‘off-the-job training’.

2 Do not award examples
on own as this does not
Award 2 marks for a full definition.
define the term.
Award 1 mark for a partial
definition.
First mark is for
understanding it is away
Training that takes place away from
from workplace.
the workplace usually by a
specialist trainer(s) [2] 2nd mark is [+1] for
stating by whom or
OR providing example of
where e.g. in a training
centre.
Training that takes place away from
the workplace, for example at
college, university or a specialist
training providers premises [2]
OR
Training that takes place away from
the place of work using methods
such as courses/conferences/online
learning [2]
Partial definition e.g. training away
from the workplace [1]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10 Outline two benefits to WTB of 4 To use words from the

having part-time employees. stem as application the
reference must be
Award 1 mark for each relevant
appropriate (i.e. make
benefit (max 2).
sense) in relation to the
Award 1 mark for each relevant point being made.
reference to this business (max 2). The following words are
likely to be appropriate
Points might include: for this question:
• Reduces labour costs / when not • Factory • 600
working no need to pay [k] to make (production
the (breakfast) cereal [app] • More
workers/employees) •
flexible in hours of work [k] in the (Breakfast) cereal
•
factory [app] • Easier to ask Private limited
company
employees just to work at busy • Public limited
company
times [k] • Easier to extend • Delegation •
operating hours by working Motivational
theories /
evenings/weekends [k] • Provides improve
motivation •
a wider range of skills/experiences Planning to
expand •
of the workforce [k] of 600 Training
employees [app] • Helps keep Other appropriate
experienced employees [k] which
examples in context can
may be important as business is
still be credited.
planning to expand [app] • Can
attract well qualified employees
who need to have flexible hours [k]

Other appropriate responses should

also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11 Explain two reasons why training 6 To use words from the

might be important to WTB. stem as application the
reference must be
Award 1 mark for identification of
appropriate (i.e. make
each relevant reason (max 2).
sense) in relation to the
Award 1 mark for each relevant point being made.
reference to this business (max 2). The following words are
likely to be appropriate
Award 1 mark for each relevant for this question:
explanation (max 2). • Factory • 600
Points might include: (production
workers/employees) •
• Improve efficiency / increased
(Breakfast) cereal •
output / faster production [k] which
Private limited company
could help lower (average) cost [an] • Public limited
company
in the factory [app] • More skilled • Delegation •
/ flexible employees / workers Motivational theories /
know what to do [k] so able to improve motivation •
cover absences of others [an] who Part-time (employees) •
work part-time [app] • Fewer
Planning to expand
mistakes / better quality [k] from
its 600 employees [app] which Other appropriate
could lower costs of rework [an] • examples in context can
Increase motivation [k] which can still be credited.
help reduce labour turnover /
encourage employee
loyalty/retention [an] • Fewer
customer complaints [k] about its
cereal [app] increasing customer
loyalty [an] • Less supervision
needed [k] so able to make more
use of delegation [app] so managers
have time to focus on other
activities [an] • Fewer accidents /
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

ensure safe working conditions [k]

• Helps introduce a new process [k]

Other appropriate responses should

also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12 Do you think off-the-job training 6 This is a general

question
is the best method for a large so there are no marks for
business to use when introducing application.
new machinery? Justify your
answer. To gain both evaluation
marks response must
Award up to 2 marks for clearly relate to a large
identification of relevant points. business.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points.
Award 2 marks for a justified
decision as to whether off-the-job
training is the best method of
training for a large business to use
when introducing new machinery.

Points might include:

Off-the-job
• Can focus on training [k] so less
likely to make mistakes [an] •
Access to up-to-date knowledge [k]
• May have to pay more / high cost
of specialists [k] • Business may
not have the skills to train its
workers [k]
On-the-job [k]
• Still work while training so output
/ production does not stop [an] •
Cheaper than off-the-job [an] •
Workers might not have the skills
to train others (as its new
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

machinery) [an] • Employees learn

way the business want them to / can
control what is taught [an] so
standards are easier to maintain [an]
• Slows down work of experienced
worker [an]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
Justification might include:
Off-the-job is helpful as workers
can focus on training [k] so less
likely to make mistakes [an].
This
is likely to be better than on-the-
job
training [k] even though some
output is still produced [an].
This
is because existing employees
may
not have any knowledge of the
new
equipment so off-thejob training
is
worth the extra cost [eval] to
make
sure workers use machinery
correctly and as a result avoid
costly mistakes. [eval]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

13 Do you think it is better for a 6 This is a general question

tertiary sector business to use so there are no marks for
full-time employees rather than application.
part-time employees? Justify
your answer. Do not award answers
about
Award up to 2 marks for manufacturing/production
identification of relevant points. as question about tertiary
sector
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points. Do not award definitions
or statements such as
Award 2 marks for justified
full-time employees work
decision as to whether it is better
longer hours.
for a tertiary sector business to
employ full-time workers rather Do not award vague
than part-time employees. statements about skills,
experience, tiredness.
Points might include:
Advantages of one
Full-time:
method can be presented
• Consistent service / more familiar as disadvantages of the
with business [k] which helps build other method but do not
/ maintain customer relationships / award the same point
better reputation [an] • Workers twice as mirror answers
likely to be loyal / more committed are not accepted.
/ less likely to leave business [k] Some points could be
reducing recruitment costs [an] •
awarded as [k] or [an] but
Easy to communicate / update do not award same point
(compared to part-time employees)
twice.
[k] leading to fewer errors /
misunderstandings [an] • Need to To gain both evaluation
recruit / train fewer employees marks, response must
clearly relate to a tertiary
Part-time:
sector business.
• Able to extend business hours [k]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

to maximise potential sales [an] •

More flexible in hours of work
[k]
so able to cover absent workers /
cover busy times [an] • Reduces
labour costs (compared to full
time)
[k] as only pay employees for
hours
worked / when needed [an] •
Provide different / more skills /
increase the experience / more
ideas
[k] which otherwise may not be
able to afford on a full-time basis
[an] • (Some employees may not
want full-time jobs so) may miss
out on possible candidates if not
offered part-time option [k] • Can
attract well qualified employees
who want to return to work but
need to have flexible hours [k]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
Justification might include:
A business only has to pay
part-time employees for the hours
worked [k] reducing its wages
costs
[an]. However, using full-time
workers means they can provide a
consistent service [k] leading to
customer loyalty [an]. Therefore, I
think full-time employees are better
especially for a tertiary sector
business as quality of service is
likely to be an important way
customers judge the business [eval]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

and therefore more likely to return,

ensuring sales. [eval]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.

14 Identify two stages in the 2 Only award the first two

recruitment process. responses given.
Award 1 mark per stage. Note: Answer must be
from the
Two from: businessviewpoint not the
• Job analysis / identify a applicant.
vacancy To award, candidates
• Job description must identify, and
notsimply describe the
• Person/job specification
stages.
• Advertising (the vacancy)
• Application forms sent out /
received
• Shortlisting/screening
Interview/testing
• Selection / job offer
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

15 Identifyfourstagesoftherecruitmentprocess. 4 Only award the first four

responses given.
Award 1 mark per stage. Note: Answer must be
from the business
Four from: viewpoint
• Job analysis / identify nottheapplicantse.g.CVorletterof
vacancy application
• Job description
• Person/job specification
• Advertising (the vacancy)
• Applicationformssentout/received
• Short listing/screening
• Interview/testing
• Selection / job offer / hire
Otherappropriateresponsesshouldalsobecredited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

16 Do you think experience is the 6 This is a general question

most important factor for a so there are no marks for
business to consider when application.
recruiting a new manager?
Justify your answer. Some points could be
awarded for different
Award up to 2 marks for options, but do not award
identification of relevant issues. the same point twice.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant For evaluation to be
development of points. Award 2 awarded justification will
marks for justified decision as to usually follow on from
whether experience is the most relevant analysis of
important factor for a business to points.
consider when recruiting a new
manager.
Points might include:
Experience • Experienced person
may expect higher wages [k]
increasing labour costs [an] •
Experienced person is likely to
make fewer mistakes [k] so
business may be able to provide
better service/more efficient [an]
increasing brand loyalty [an] •
Business know they have shown
they have ability to do the job [k]
lower cost/time of training [an] •
May not be willing to listen to ideas
of owner/other employees [k] which
could demotivate other employees
[an]
Other factors could include:
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

• Personality/leadership style [k] as

a manager must be able to lead/
work with subordinates [an] •
Qualifications/skills [k] show that
the person has the technical ability
to do the job [an] • Requirements
of the job [k] because if it’s a new
role, there might not be anyone with
the necessary experience to do it
anyway [an]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
Justification might include:
Experienced managers are likely to
make fewer mistakes [k] reducing
amount of waste [an].
Qualifications [k] are also necessary
as it shows they have the relevant
technical ability [an]. However,
experience is likely to be the most
important factor as it clearly shows
the person has shown ability to do
the job whereas qualifications only
indicate they have the knowledge
to do so and therefore may add
value to the business more quickly.
[eval] [eval]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

17 Identify two stages of the 2 Only award the first two

recruitment process. responses given.
Award 1 mark per stage. Note: Answer must be
from the business
Two from: viewpoint not the
• Job analysis/identify a vacancy • applicant e.g. CV
or letter
Job description • Person/job of application [tv]
specification • Advertising (the vacancy) • Application forms sent
out/ received •
Shortlisting/screening • Interview/
testing • Selection/job offer
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

18 Explain two factors SRB should 6 Note: To use words from

consider when deciding which the stem as application,
managers to make redundant. the reference must be
appropriate (i.e. Make
sense) in relation to the
Award 1 mark for identification of
point being made.
each relevant factor (max 2).
The following words are
Award 1 mark for each relevant
likely to be appropriate
reference to this business (max 2).
for this question:
• Business customers •
Award 1 mark for each relevant
100 managers • 80
explanation (max 2). branches • Removing one
Points might include: level of the hierarchy •
Saving $1m in costs •
• Importance of the role being Increased competition •
performed [k] to maintain contact Bank (services) / give
with business customers [app] to loans • Delegation.
ensure good customer service [an]
• Other appropriate
Performance/experience/skills/flexibility examples in context
can
[k] such as not able to use still be credited.
delegation [app] so not able to do Do not accept reduced
the job required [an] • Length of
costs alone as [k] or [an]
time worked/redundancy costs [k]
as this is [tv].
may be cheaper to choose people
who have not been there for a long
time [an] •
Attitude/attendance/disciplinary
record [k] will want to lose poor/
bad workers [an] from the 80
branches [app] • Wages/salary [k]
as removing higher paid employees
would help reduce costs long term
[an] helping to reach the cost
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

reduction of $1m [app] • Which

departments need to lose/retain
workers [k] • Number of customers
[k] at the branch [app] • The
number of subordinates under each
manager [k] as workers may
become inefficient if poorly
supervised [an] • Those who
volunteer [k]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

19 Outline two factors Kane should 4 Note: To use words from

consider when preparing the job the stem as application,
advertisement. the reference must be
appropriate (i.e. make
Award 1 mark for each relevant
sense) in relation to the
factor.
point being made.
Award 1 mark for each relevant
The following words are
reference to this business.
likely to be appropriate
Points might include: for this question:
• What information to include [k] • Furniture/wood • 5
such as skills needed to make (production workers) •
furniture [app] • Where advert Well-motivated
should be placed/which method of employees
job advertisement to use [k] for 5 Other appropriate
production workers [app] •
examples in context can
Cost/which method can they afford
still be credited.
to use [k] • Comply with legal
controls i.e. no age/gender
discrimination [k]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

20 Do you think on-the-job training 6

is a better method of training for
a manufacturing business to use
than off-the-job training? Justify
your answer.
Award up to 2 marks for
identification of relevant points.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points.
Award 2 marks for justified
decision as to whether on-the-job
training is a better method of
training for a manufacturing
business to use than off-the-job
training.
Points might include:
Off-the-job training:
• Not necessarily tailored to
individual business [k] • Have to
pay more/high cost for specialists
[k] which increases costs [an] •
Skills might not be available in the
business [k] so benefit from new
techniques/ideas [an] • Allows for
mistakes to be made when
learning
[k] so less likely to waste
resources
when working/lower risk of
damaging business reputation [an]

On-the-job training:
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

• Can reinforce errors/bad habits of

trainer [k] reducing sales/damage
reputation [an] • Fewer new
ideas/skills will be taught [k] •
Control what is taught/employees
learn exact way business wants
things done [k] so workers only
learn skills needed [an] •
Employees can carry on working
[k] so some output is still produced
[an] • Cheaper (than off-the-job)
[k]

Justification may include:

• No, as it depends what the training
is for – if using new techniques/
machines the business may not have
a suitable person to train others so
on-the-job is not an option so it
would have no choice and would
have to use off-the-job training.
[eval] [eval]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

21 Define ‘induction training’. 2

Award 2 marks for a full definition.

Award 1 mark for a partial

definition.
Introduction given to a new
employee explaining the businesses
activities and processes and allow
them to meet other employees [2]

Partial definition e.g. new

employees learn about the business
when they start [1]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

22 Do you think changes in legal 6

controls over employment issues
will always reduce business
profits? Justify your answer.
Award up to 2 marks for
identification of relevant issues.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points.
Award up to 2 marks for justified
decision as to whether changes in
legal controls over employment
issues will always reduce business
profits.
Points might include:
• Health and safety changes could
mean needing to provide more
training [k] increasing costs [an]
but leading to more motivated/more
efficient employees [an] • Can
depend on how much the minimum
wage increases [k] as may already
pay above the new rate so may not
affect them [an] • Can depend on
the type of business [k] as health
and safety may be more of an issue
if it is a manufacturing business
[an] Justification might include:
• Yes, because any changes in legal
control are likely to result in the
business at least having to do
something even if it is only to
check
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

they are compliant, which will cost

time and money to do. [eval] [eval]

Other appropriate responses should

also be credited.

23 Identify two reasons why a 2

business might downsize its
workforce.
Award one mark per reason (max
2).
Points might include:
• Economic crisis •
Factory/shop/office closure •
Merger or takeover • Need to
reduce costs • Changes in
management/strategy •Automation
or replaced by machinery • Excess
workforce • Relocation
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

24 Do you think selecting employees 6

with the right personality is more
important than their experience
for a tertiary sector business?
Justify your answer.
Award up to 2 marks for
identification of relevant issues.
Award up to 2 marks for relevant
development of points.
Award 2 marks for justified
decision as to whether selecting
employees with the right
personality is more important than
their experience for a tertiary sector
business.
Points might include:
Personality:
• More likely to make mistakes [k]
which could damage reputation
[an]
• Higher cost of training [k] which
will increase expenses [an] • May
be more willing to learn [k] so can
quickly adapt to business
requirements [an] • Skills can be
taught but it is not easy to change
someone’s personality [k]
Experience:
• May expect higher wages [k]
increasing labour costs [an] • Likely
to make less mistakes or provide
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

better service [k] reducing amount

of waste [an] • Reduces possible
number of candidates [k] so could
take more time to recruit [an] •
Know they have ability/skills to do
the job [an]
Justification might include:
Experience means a person already
knows how to respond to
customers
in most situations straightaway [k]
which can help the business offer a
better/more professional service to
its customers [an] which can
encourage customer loyalty [an].
However, you can teach someone
these skills more easily than you
can change their personality.
Personality is more important
because you need people who are
willing to learn/able to interact
naturally with customers especially
in a tertiary sector business where
good customer service is
important.
[eval] [eval]
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited.
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

25 Identify two ways a business 2

could advertise a new job
vacancy.
Award 1 mark per way.
Two from: • Job Centre •
specialist/trade magazines •
Recruitment agency • jobs
website/own website • word of
mouth • local paper/television/radio
• notice inside/outside the business

Other appropriate responses should

also be credited.
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

26 Outline two possible advantages 4 Note: To use words from

to Kolo of recruiting a manager. the stem as application,
the reference must be
appropriate (i.e. make
Award 1 mark for each relevant
sense) in relation to the
advantage.
point being made.
Award 1 mark for each relevant
The following words are
reference to this business.
likely to be appropriate
Points might include: for this question:
• Reduce Kolo’s workload/ can • Hairdressing or
delegate tasks/ share responsibility examples such as
[k] as would need to manage two hairstyles, shampoo • (2)
businesses [app] • Can provide new salons / second /new
ideas / experience / skills [k] about business • 4 (employees)
hairstyles [app] • Can motivate / • City (centre) • Make a
inspire others [k] such as the 4 profit in each of the last
employees [app] 3 years • Economic boom
Other appropriate responses should
also be credited. Other appropriate
examples in context can
still be credited.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

27 Define 'dismissal'. 2 For both marks,

candidates must show
Award two marks for a full
definition.
that it is the business that
ends the employment and
Award one mark for a partial indicate why the
definition. employee has been asked
to leave the business.
Termination by the employer
because the employee has broken
company rules or is not performing
work to the required standard [2]

OR When the employment is ended

against the will of the employee,
usually for not working in
accordance with the employment
contract [2]
OR When employee told or made
to leave their job because their work
or behaviour is unsatisfactory [2]
Partial definition e.g. When
employee told/made to leave their
job [1]
OR Termination of employment
against the wishes of the employee
[1]
OR Employer ends employment [1]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

28 What is meant by ‘redundancy’? 2 For 2 marks must clearly

understand idea that it is
the role that no longer
Clear understanding [2]: e.g. job
exists
position has gone and so the
employee is no longer required Do not award reasons
why the job may no
Termination of employment
longer exist
because the job is no longer needed

Some understanding [1] e.g. loses

job (through no fault of their own)
[1] or job role has gone [1]
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

29 What is meant by ‘induction 2 Do not accept answers

training’? which refer to training in
general
Clear understanding [2]:
Introduction given to new
employees explaining the
businesses activities, customs and
procedures and introducing them to
other workers
A training programme to help new
recruits become familiar with their
workplace, the people they work
with and the procedures they need
to follow
Some understanding [1]: Training
for new employees
OR give introduction about the
business to employees
OR training given to employees
before they are employed so they
know what to do
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

30 Do you think WKN should select 6 Application marks may

all the workers for the new jobs be awarded for
from those about to be made appropriate use of the
redundant? Justify your answer. following:
• retailer
Knowledge [1] – award 1 mark for
identification of relevant point (s) • household goods OR
plates OR brushes
• challenging stage of
Application [1] – award 1 mark if
business cycle
relevant reference made to this
business • marketing department
OR head office
Analysis [2] – award up to 2 marks
for relevant development of point(s) • 1800
• 200 OR shops
Evaluation [2] – justified decision
made as to whether WKN should • profit fell 80% OR $5m
select the workers for the new jobs
from those facing redundancy • 100 new jobs
Points might include: • trade union
• Do not need to advertise jobs • customer loyalty
externally [k] so lower
(recruitment) costs [an] The analysis must relate
to the impact upon the
• Know abilities and skills of business rather than the
employees [k] employee
• Existing employees have good Do not award answers
knowledge of customer which discuss how the
requirements [k] as have experience candidates are selected
of working in its shops [app] for redundancy
• Workers might not have skills [k]
which could lead to poor work [an]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

reducing customer loyalty [app]

• May not want or be able to move
locations [k] to head office [app] so
few employees will want to apply
[an]
• Recruitment of new workers will
bring fresh ideas [k]

31 What is meant by ‘off-the-job 2

training’?
Clear understanding [2]: Trained
away from the work place by
specialist trainers
Some understanding [1] : Trained
away from the work place
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

32 Identify and explain two factors 4 Application marks may

that AUC should consider when be awarded for
deciding which employees to appropriate use of the
make redundant. following:
Award 1 mark for each relevant • Bank • Maintaining
factor identified customer loyalty • $60m
loss • Small business
Award 1 mark for each relevant
customers • 500 or 1500
reference made to this business
or 2000 (branches) • 20%
Award 1 mark for each relevant or 3800 or 19 000
explanation (employees)
Relevant points might include:
• Identify which jobs are important
OR not essential [k] in bank [app]
as would not want to spend money
recruiting employees again [an]
• Performance OR experience OR
skills OR flexibility [k] so will want
to get rid of people who make
mistakes [an] • Amount of wages
OR salary [k] higher paid
employees could be part of the
20%
[app] could save greater amount
of
money (than if low paid) [an] •
Length of service OR cost of
redundancy [k] if only worked for
a short time at bank [app] might be
cheaper to make redundant [an] •
Attitude OR attendance OR
disciplinary record [k] in order to
maintain customer loyalty [app]
will want to lose poor OR lazy
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

workers [an] • Where they work [k]

as could let go all people at the 500
branches [app] as there will not be
any work for them to do there [an]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

33 Identify and explain two advantages 6 Application marks may

to Ben’s business of having be awarded for
parttime workers. appropriate use of the
following:
Award 1 mark for each relevant
advantage • small (business) •
gardening or gardening
Award 1 mark for each relevant
related words allowed
reference made to this business
once • (business) success
Award 1 mark for each relevant • bonus • hourly wage
explanation rate • recommendation •
15 years ago • 4
Points might include: (part-time), 2 (full-time)
• more flexible / help meet demand
during busy times [k] can cover Do not award answers
when full-time workers not
which clearly confuse
available [app] so work is part-time with seasonal
completed on time [an] • help retain
workers.
experienced employees [k] who
have worked there for a number of Do not award answers
years [app] so reducing his that suggest that
recruitment costs [an] • can add part-time are easier to
more skills / experience to business dismiss
[k] to increase demand [an] • help Do not award answers
attract / easier to find workers [k] •
such as cheaper unless
do not have to pay holiday / sick explained as all paid an
pay [k] • may be more motivated
hourly wage rate.
[k] so productivity would rise [an]
• part-time workers don’t work as
many hours [k] Ben pays an hourly
wage rate [app] therefore the total
wage bill would be lower [an]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

34 Identify two situations in which 2 Do not award answers

downsizing the workforce might discussing who should be
be necessary. removed from the
workforce e.g. poor
Award one mark per situation
attendance
Points might include:
• introduction of automation / new
technology • redesign work space /
layout • demand factors e.g. falling
demand, changing tastes, end of
product life cycle, recession /
economic slump, more competition,
less revenue • factory closure •
relocation to another country •
business taken over / merger •
excess workforce / unnecessary
workers • financial problems e.g.
lack of income, increase in costs,
cash flow issues, cannot afford the
workers, • changes in law •
delayering / restructuring.
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

35 Identify and explain two 4 Application marks may

advantages to Ruby of having be awarded for
parttime employees. appropriate use of the
following:
Knowledge (2 × 1) – award 1 mark
for each relevant advantage (max • festivals OR
2) celebrations • sole trader
• individually designed •
Application (2 × 1) – award 1 mark
greetings cards OR
for each relevant explanation in
related words such as
context
paper • hand made •
Advantages may include: quality cards are
important • three
• Helps keep experienced staff [k] (employees) • job
which is important as cards are production • hourly wage
handmade [app] • Flexible OR can rate or piece rate
call in workers when needed [k]
such as during festivals and
celebrations [ app] • Lower labour
costs OR when not working no need
to pay wages [k] which is important
for a sole trader [app] • Help attract
workers who need flexible working
hours [k] to produce greetings cards
[app] • Provide a wider range of
skills / ideas [k] as products are
individually designed [app]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

36 What is meant by ‘on-the-job 2

training’?
Clear understanding [2] occurs by
watching a more experienced
worker doing the job OR at the
work place
Some understanding [1] get training
while working OR learn from
another employee
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

37 Identify and explain two ways in 6 Application marks may

which legal controls might affect be awarded for
CHONS. appropriate use of the
following:
Knowledge [2 × 1] award one mark
for each way identified coal or mining related
words, no government
Application [2 × 1] award one mark
support, correct use of
for each relevant reference to this
data from table, export,
business
government permission
Analysis [2 × 1] award one mark to open mine,
for each relevant explanation environment,
shareholders, creating
Points might include:
jobs, 10 000
• Need to provide safety equipment
[k] such as helmets for miners [app]
increasing costs [an]
• Limit working hours [k] so cannot
obtain 50 m tonnes [app]
• Minimum wages [k] so cannot
afford to create 10 000 jobs [app]

• Pollution restrictions/permits [k]

as coal burning could damage
environment [app] so stakeholders
become unhappy [an]
• Where business is located [k] as
need Government to allow mine to
be built [app] without it they cannot
start operations [an]
• Restrictions on what OR how
much can be produced [k]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

• Increase costs [k]

• Banning/restricting exports [k]
CHONS would not be able to
operate because they are planning
to export [an] coal [app]
• Banning/restricting imports [k]
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

38 Do you think it would be better 6 Application marks may

for CYB to use on-the-job or be awarded for
off-the-job training? Justify your appropriate use of the
answer. following:
Knowledge [1] – award 1 mark for • accountants
identification of relevant issue(s)
• examples of financial
documents e.g. balance
Application [1] – award 1 mark for sheet
relevant reference to this business
• multinational company

Analysis [2] – award up to 2 marks

for relevant development of point(s) • small teams
• 3 (new employees)
Evaluation [2] – justified decision
made as to which method of
training CYB should choose.
• new
computerised
system OR
system Either option is
acceptable.
• economic
boom
Relevant points might include:
• (highly)
skilled
Off-the-job training:
• Not necessarily tailored to
individual business [k] so not cost
effective [an]
• Have to pay more OR high cost
for specialists [K] which increases
costs [an]
• Skills might not be available in
the business [k] so benefit from new
techniques [an]
• Allows for mistakes [k] so can
build employees confidence in new
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

computer system [app] reducing

waste [an]
• Workers have access to skilled
trainers [k] so know how to use the
system [app]
• Workers can focus 100% on
training [k]
On-the-job training:
• Can reinforce errors OR bad
practices [k] reducing sales OR
damage reputation [an]
• Fewer new ideas OR skills will be
taught [k]
• Control what is taught [k] so
workers only learn skills needed
[an]
• Employees can carry on working
[k] within their team [app]
improving productivity [an]
• Cheaper (than off-the-job) [k]

39 Identify two methods of training 2 Do not award

that a business might use. descriptions of methods
e.g. watching someone
Knowledge [2 × 1] award 1 mark
do the work
for each method identified
Possible methods are: • on-the-job,
• off-the-job • induction
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

40 Recommend which factory HGH 6 Application marks may

should close. Justify your answer be awarded for
using the information in the table appropriate use of the
above. following:
Knowledge [1] – award 1 mark for • Correct use of data from
identification of relevant point (s) the table
Application [1] – award 1 mark for • engines
relevant reference to this business • increased competition
Analysis [2] – award up to 2 marks OR competition from
for relevant development of point(s) imports
Evaluation [2] – justified decision • quality assurance (is
made as to which factory HGH important)
should close. • high energy costs
• profit decreased by 30%
Relevant points might include:
• batch production
• Rent lower for factory 1[k] saving
$100 000 each month [app+an]
• Productivity in factory 2 is higher
[k] by 12.5% higher [app+an]
• Trade union action could create
negative publicity [k] as factory 1
has high number of members [app],
damaging reputation [an]
• Current level of output higher in
factory 2 [k] by 60 units per month
[app+an]
• Fewer jobs lost if close factory 2
[k] as 10 fewer employees [app+an]
• More jobs lost if close factory 1
[k] as has 150 employees [app] so
saving more labour costs [an]

[Total: 160]