33 9.

______which is officially part of India but has a

1. _______ how much she had spent on the designer majority Muslim population.
dress as she was sure they‘d criticize her. A. When India became independent from Britain, it was
A. Her friends underestimated partitioned into the two countries of India and Pakistan
B. She didn‘t want anyone to know B. The tourist industry in Kashmir has been destroyed by
C. Her parents did not approve the recent fighting
D. Even her sisters didn‘t support her C. India and Pakistan have gone to war three times over
2. Just for one moment, everybody assumed that the Kashmir
child had drowned, ______. D. The capital of Kashmir, Srinagar, is located on a
A. ever since the beach got more and more crowded with beautiful mountain lake
holiday makers 10. Scientists lost contact with the Mars probe ______.
B. as soon as both parents are out of the sight of the crowd A. as it plunged into the thin Martian atmosphere
waiting at the beach B. since it should land on Mars within hours
C. that he shouldn‘t have swum so far away from the C. that it had cost billions of dollars to develop
beach on his own D. because it will search for life on the Red Planet
D. so they all gave a sigh of relief when he appeared above 11. George Washington is called the father of his
the water again country ______.
3. ______that we should have dressed up. A. whose picture can be seen on the one-dollar bill
A. We were going to celebrate our 12th anniversary with a B. who wore false teeth made of wood
big party C. during the Revolutionary War in which he was a
B. I noticed that everyone else at the family reunion was general
wearing their best clothes D. because he led the revolutionary armies and was the
C. I admit that it would have been a lot better if we had first president
planned 12. While the salary in my last job was excellent ______.
D. We realized upon arriving there and seeing everyone in A. I had many opportunities for advancement
their best gowns B. there was hardly any job satisfaction
4. The board still haven‘t announced ______. C. the employees got along very well with each other
A. how many employees will be sent to the conference D. I should have stayed there longer than I did
B. who have they chosen to represent them at the trade fair 13. Istanbul is the kind of city ______.
C. why was there so much disagreement over the issue of A. while it is extremely attractive to tourists
pay rises B. when it rains or snows for much of the winter
D. which of the candidates have they found to be the best C. that there have been a great deal of historical events
qualified which took place there
5. The manager informed the headquarters ______. D. where people can come with nothing and make a
A. that stocks had run out faster than they had expected fortune if they are lucky
B. who they thought would be interested in buying this 14. Surprisingly, herbal medical treatments sometimes
model work ______.
C. whether the price was far too high for people‘s buying A. even if antibiotics are so expensive
power B. that they have been used for centuries
D. whether or not they have sent some more employees to C. ever since antibiotics were shown to have side effects
help out D. where conventional medicine fails
6. According to what I heard, he clearly said ______. 15. ______ , if not altogether eliminated, by the
A. whether he was going to wait in the cafe or in front of introduction of photocopying machines.
the cinema A. Photocopying machines make it easy for teachers to
B. he wouldn‘t take an active part in our project but would duplicate portions of books for use by their students
support us B. It has become virtually impossible to prevent copyright
C. if she would agree to marry him after she got to know theft
him better C. The need for carbon paper to make a copy of a
D. why was he not offering his help despite him believing document was reduced greatly
in our cause D. Laser printing, introduced in the 1970s, improved the
7. As he could not himself afford to pay for his wife‘s speed and clarity of photocopies
operation, ______. 16. ______ , Chennai, India‘s fourth largest
A. it was going to take place last Thursday metropolitan city, had been known as Madras.
B. it is scheduled for next week A. As the name may have been of Portuguese origin
C. unfortunately the doctors performed the wrong B. Although the older name is still widely used
operation C. Until its name was officially changed in 1996
D. he had to borrow the money from friends D. Ever since the Chief Minister decided to change the
8. ______because he was criticized in a government name
report. 17. Giuseppe Garibaldi was determined ______.
A. He readily accepted the job as director of the BBC A. having been wounded in a conflict with Italian soldiers
B. No one understands what he is supposed to be guilty of B. to achieve the political unification of Italy
C. He had always wanted a career in the mass media sector C. to have liberated the country of foreign control
D. The director of the BBC was forced to resign D. to be occupied by Italian troops in 1866
18. ______to turn Palestine into a Jewish state. D. you can also make job applications through the Internet
A. In 1917, the British government came up with a plan 3. Nora is looking for a new place to work ______.
B. The British Foreign Secretary, Arthur Balfour, A. in spite of the criticism she has taken from the boss
recommended recently
C. The Arabs of the area were shocked B. when she signs a new contract next month
D. The Arab League was completely opposed C. ever since she was made redundant two years ago
19. In Shakespeare‘s play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth D. even though she has recently been promoted
eventually gets her husband______ 4. ______, I would have climbed the roof and repaired
A. being murdered by Macbeth it myself.
B. become king of Scotland A. If the builders hadn‘t turned up by lunchtime
C. to claiming the crown of Scotland B. Until it started raining again
D. to kill the king of Scotland C. Although it has been leaking for hours
20. I think you should let your son ______ D. If we can find the materials needed
A. to be interested in basketball 5. Farmers need to start using modern irrigation
B. to have an earring techniques ______.
C. make his own decisions A. while the land became less fertile with every harvest
D. getting a tattoo B. in order to prevent the loss of more rivers and lakes
21. ______being included in Pakistan. C. unless the water resources dried up at a very fast rate
A. The people of Kashmir were never asked if they wanted D. whether water was transported to farms through pipes
B. The ruler of Junagadh objected and not channels
C. In 1947, a majority of people in Sylhet showed they 6. A UK firm has developed a security system that sets
were in favour of off a high-pitched scream______
D. In the referendum held in Sylhet, some Bengalis were A. when a mobile phone is stolen
reluctant B. despite being designed to curb phone theft
22. All cars in Britain are required ______ C. where a mobile phone is stolen every 12 seconds
A. not having produced excessive pollution D. who wiped all the data in the event of theft
B. to be fitted with seatbelts 7. Although never fully blind, in his last years James
C. having a license plate Joyce had such poor vision______
D. being made with safety glass A. that was the publisher who became his patron for
23. ______, he knew that there was something wrong twenty-five years
with it. B. and for a while he worked as a teacher
A. When Emilio saw a small tear in the discounted jeans C. that writing turned into quite a difficult task for him to
B. Before Oscar turns on the TV perform
C. As soon as Glenn took a bite of his chicken and D. but he frequently travelled from Paris to Switzerland for
mushroom pie eye surgery
D. By the time Conrad had cleared up the pieces of the 8. ______ the authorities had to take measures
vase restricting vehicles close to the monument.
24. ______having been involved in the disturbance at A. Described as one of the seven wonders of the modern
the canteen. world
A. Paolo strongly denied
B. Dustin was in charge B. Despite the precious and semi-precious stones used in
C. Grant felt the need the construction
D. Jorge came to school too late C. If these steps had helped significantly
25. ______who destroyed the last great palace at D. Since air pollution had discoloured the white marble
Knossos in the 14th century BC. domes of the Taj Mahal
A. Archaeologists and historians are still not certain 9. ______in order that ordinary people would be able
B. It was probably the political centre of the Minoan to read it.
culture A. Martin Luther translated the Bible into German
C. The origins of the great fire are unknown B. Robert Fagles‘ translation of the Iliad won an award
D. Having been excavated by the archaeologist Sir Arthur C. Johann Gutenberg set up Europe‘s first printing press
Evans D. The greatest works of Dante Alighieri were written in
34 Italian and not in Latin
1. As we were getting into the taxi, I heard a woman 10. Italian fashion designer Giorgio Armani is
across the road ______. considered to be largely responsible______
A. silently pass out A. who designed the wardrobe for the male lead in the film
B. to call us American Gigolo
C. having been robbed B. when he worked for Nino Cerruti, designer of men‘s
D. shouting something clothing, from 1961 to 1970
2. These days, if you do not have E-mail, . C. so as to encompass the whole range of men‘s and
A. you wouldn‘t have heard about your mother‘s illness so women‘s clothing
quickly D. for turning Milan into a major world centre of fashion
B. you would have to go to an Internet café 11. Many countries are now aware of the need ______.
C. it is very difficult to keep up with your friends A. to control population growth
B. or just the cultural and traditional influences with her own eyes
C. therefore they don‘t have the resources 20. Reading the newspaper made me realize ______.
D. since conditions have largely improved A. if the country would ever develop when it was in such
12. ______at the height of his career, after his appendix great debt
ruptured. B. whether it is important to keep up with current affairs or
A. The author of the first great novel in English was Henry not
Fielding C. that the situation in Iraq is really getting out of control
B. At the close of his career Emile Zola enjoyed great D. what things I have considered in trying to eat healthily
wealth 21. It‘s advisable, before you set out on a car journey,
C. Initially, Walt Whitman‘s poems were considered crude ______.
D. American artist George Bellows died in 1925 A. whether your vehicle insurance is up to date and if you
13. Will you please ask our guests ______? have a valid driving license
A. how cold it gets outside just after the sun sets B. study the route that you are going to take so that you
B. that they do not feel shy and make themselves at home. will not be confused on the road
C. if they would like their beef stew spiced or unspiced C. to check the oil level, the tyre pressures and the amount
D. to have their drinks in the garden until the meat was of water in the radiator
done D. in order to avoid being fined by the police, place a fire
14. Living in such an old building, the elderly woman is extinguisher in the vehicle
afraid of ______. 22. ______as to make a parachute jump out of an
A. getting stuck in the elevator in case of a power cut aeroplane on her birthday.
B. not to be able to find a dependable tenant A. It would have been a lot safer for my daughter
C. that there is no central heating during the winter B. The most exciting thing that Naomi has done in her life
D. to find mice or rats living in her kitchen cupboards C. I didn‘t want my best friend to do anything so
15. Before travelling to Morocco, we were advised dangerous
______. D. She is so much braver than her boyfriend
A. whether we were ready to bear the difficulties of a tour 23. We should have hired a larger car for this
of the Sahara vacation______.
B. to get vaccinated against tetanus, polio and hepatitis A A. the easier it would have been with the children and our
C. why the hotels may be far more expensive in summer baggage
D. when the country had gained its independence from B. than we normally do when it is just the two of us
France C. so the rental company upgraded it for little extra cost
16. Without taking sufficient time over it, ______. D. that we don‘t have enough room with all your relatives
A. your repairs to the car have actually made it even worse in the back
B. she‘ll inevitably do very poorly in the exams 24. Annoyed at the limits of the psychological school of
C. the letter of complaint will look badly written behaviourism, ______.
D. you can‘t expect to make noticeable progress in the A. John B. Watson was one of the founders of this
course approach to human thinking
17. ______but reading books gives far greater certainty B. behaviour may be better explained through the study of
of intellectual development. the brain
A. It is sometimes possible to learn interesting things from C. its ideas have been criticized by the professor of
watching TV linguistics, Noam Chomsky
B. As travelling can help you to learn many things about D. Arthur Koestler explained his own theories in The
the world Ghost in the Machine
C. The intelligence of the writer is the most significant 25. This book on the Crusades seems to be the most
factor interesting ______.
D. There were many illiterate people who were still very A. than all the others I had to read for my history course
knowledgeable B. out of all those that I managed to find in the library
18. We haven‘t yet been able to get any information C. that I should be able to use some of its points as the
about ______. basis for my essay
A. just as the footballer was about to score another goal D. just like the others I had already started to read
B. whether there‘ll be a match between the two boxers 35
again 1. The more careless you are with your money, _____.
C. as it is known as the best restaurant in the city A. the more quickly you will wind up getting into debt
D. if there will be a city-wide water cut tomorrow B. leaving less to spend on the essentials every month
19. She‘s found it very difficult to work as a C. the more likely you will have a happy retirement
journalist in the Palestinian territories______ D. you might still be able to save a little of your salary
A. since the Israeli government has refused to grant her a 2. The leaders of modern Poland have never made
visa such a difficult decision _____.
B. when she first arrived as the newspaper‘s new Middle A. as the one forced upon them in 1939, when Hitler gave
East correspondent them an ultimatum
C. before she learnt to speak Arabic and communicate B. that they were effectively under Soviet direction for
with the locals about forty years
D. after she‘d seen the brutal oppression of the population C. when the Warsaw uprising was brutally suppressed by
the Nazis in 1943 D. European governments are taking strict measures
D. so they encouraged their population to vote for EU against illegal immigration
membership in 2004 11. _____, yet in the end it simply turned into a
3. The landlord promised me that I would have no dictatorship.
more trouble with my apartment_____ A. The French Revolution started out in the name of
A. unless the toilet stopped leaking freedom
B. until I was more careful with turning the water off B. Hitler had no intention of sharing power with anybody
C. if I give up trying to install a gas stove C. Even Lenin understood the danger of Stalin taking
D. once he had had the dodgy wiring repaired power
4. _____such rapid decreases in the value of the D. The government of the Sudan has been criticized for its
currency. human rights abuses
A. It was after the nation borrowed more than it could 12. Tunisia was peacefully granted independence by
afford France in 1956, _____.
B. Even professional economists have given up A. so French is still widely spoken in its former colonies
C. The government‘s disastrous economic policy is more B. yet today the country is still free from foreign
likely interference
D. No one in my father‘s generation could have imagined C. whereas neighbouring Algeria had to fight for hers for
5. The world sometimes seems so dangerous these days eight years
_____. D. until the rebels in the south had laid down their
A. as people didn‘t know what to expect after the end of weapons
the Cold War 13. _____, I had no idea how to work one.
B. when a lot of bloody wars were fought and international A. Up until the time that I bought a computer
terrorism arose B. When I‘ve had the new central heating system installed
C. as more compassionate politicians are needed C. Before I realized the significance of the problem
D. that I find it quite impossible to be optimistic for the D. If only I had been given a mobile phone for Christmas
future 14. Before learning to read Arabic _____.
6. Tensions in south Asia have been much more A. she could already speak quite a few words of it
relaxed _____. B. the letters are completely different from Latin ones
A. than the two wars fought over the possession of C. its words are very hard to pronounce correctly
Kashmir D. the course was far easier than we had expected
B. since the start of the peace moves between India and 15. Having bought the car and driven it home_____.
Pakistan A. it seems to have some minor problems but runs fairly
C. when the Sri Lankan government opened talks with well
Tamil rebels B. our neighbours didn‘t allow us to park it in front of
D. after the countries in the region were granted their gate
independence in the 1940s C. it had taken us quite a long time to get there as it was
7. _____, the sooner we‘ll be off travelling to the rush hour
seaside. D. we noticed that the indicators didn‘t work properly
A. As soon as I finish preparing the sandwiches 16. _____and besides, I know he‘ll offer to pay for it.
B. If you were to pack your things yourself A. You should show him those diamond earrings you like
C. Unless you start picking up after yourself B. The food that they serve at that restaurant is very
D. The more you give me a hand with the packing expensive
8. _____, but in the end, we convinced her not to do it. C. Martin seems to be short of money these days
A. I know she applied for a job last week, but don‘t know D. I know John didn‘t mean to break your coffee table
anything about what happened once the semester starts. 17. Siegfried Sassoon wrote his graphic and bloody
B. She has changed three jobs just in the last year poetry _____.
C. She was tempted to hand in her resignation several A. in order to show the horrors of the First World War
times last week B. therefore he was not seen as a novelist or a playwright
D. She did not seem very keen on taking part in the new C. but he was describing what he had seen anyway
project D. whereas Lord Byron had written on the beauty of nature
9. _____once the semester starts. 18. _____, yet he still insisted on coming over.
A. There is a shortage of teachers at the moment A. I told him that I was busy with my homework
B. I have always wanted to stay a student forever B. It would have been better if he had called me first
C. I would have been happy to do it for you C. We need some help to prepare for the wedding
D. I will be too busy to help you out with your project D. I‘m sure he received our invitation to the party
10. _____ since Europeans are not as willing to work 19. Shakespeare is widely regarded as the best
hard for low wages as they are. playwright in history; _____.
A. There are plenty of labouring jobs available for A. nevertheless, most of his storylines are adopted from
immigrants in Europe others
B. “ Asylum seekers” are people who fear what will B. in order to write a total of 37 pieces for the theatre
happen to them in their own countries C. in addition to being born in Stratford, upon. Avon
C. Europe is increasingly less sympathetic towards the D. besides having written 154 beautiful sonnets
asylum seeker 20. _____, the managers waited to see if they would
accept it or go out on strike. 4. The food supply of a given country depends, among
A. Having made a final offer to their employees other factors, on such things_____
B. Ever since the union and the management held their A. that more than half the world‘s population lives with
first meeting hunger and malnutrition every day
C. Being certain that their employees would be content B. if every nation were completely self-sufficient and
D. Not satisfied with the negotiations operated under a free market economy
21. _____after making a racist remark that was C. as weather, costs of production, and the overall condition
broadcast all over the world. of its economy
A. A famous British sportscaster was forced to resign D. yet with modern agricultural technology, every nation
B. He can‘t have thought about the consequences of his should be able to feed its citizens adequately
remarks 5. Never before had I seen my son so tense _____.
C. Ron Atkinson is a famous British sportscaster A. than he felt during the whole year when he was preparing
D. Before becoming a sportscaster, Ron Atkinson was for the university entrance exam
manager of Manchester United B. ever since he has been seeing his academic advisor about
22. Everyone should have a hobby _____. his future career
A. as if their work was so stressful that they needed some C. that he dashed out to meet his friends in order to spend the
leisure time day enjoying themselves
B. that they need to relax when they get home from work D. as during the time when he was going to represent his
C. whose work was very stressful and difficult school in a maths competition
D. which can help them forget the frustrations of their 6. When we heard the news I was even more excited
working life _____.
23. When nuclear weapons were first developed, _____. A. that I stopped dead in the street, unable to believe my luck
A. they were the monopoly of only one country B. than Emma, and it was she who had won the lottery
B. in order to bring a swift end to the fighting with the C. as now we will be able to afford that vacation in Vietnam
Japanese that I have always wanted
C. that there was a race between the US and Germany to D. though I should be careful not to believe it without
make the first atomic bomb checking it first
D. some people believe them to be the ultimate weapon 7. _____as in last year‘s, since we are all quite
24. By the time Murat finally managed to finish his experienced now.
homework _____. A. We should not have so many unexpected mishaps this
A. that had taken him all night to complete year in organizing the event
B. he was never sure that he would be able to B. Before anything else, we have to decide how much longer
C. his teacher wanted it to be on time for once the event will last this year
D. it was too late to hand it in to the teacher C. Several members from the organizing committee have
25. Hybrid electrical vehicles use an electric engine offered to hold different competitions
_____. D. I really can‘t guess which of the competitions will be
A. that it powers by means of rechargeable batteries more popular with the participants
B. such as the many different ways of protecting the 8. _____ that I would actually be more useful in
environment another department of the same company.
C. as well as using a standard petrol engine A. Talking to the human resources manager proved to be
D. if only it had the power of a petrol, driven vehicle very helpful for me
36 B. How I wished I had improved my computer skills and
1. The British government pioneered the idea of the languages
public museum by acquiring Sir Hans Sloane‘s C. It turned out during the interview about the position I‘d
collections, _____. applied for
A. if only they had opened them to the public D. My qualifications perfectly matched the requirements of
B. he was born in Ireland of Scottish parents the position
C. and museums are fine educational environments 9. I know that the title of the play looks incredibly
D. which were opened to the public in 1759 boring _____.
2. You should attempt to be a journalist in a foreign A. so it was written at the height of the English Renaissance
country _____. B. yet you might find it a pleasant surprise when you read it
A. because it might be extremely dangerous in war zones C. thus it is probably better that you go and watch it anyway
B. only if you are able to speak the local language fluently D. but the playwright died in mysterious circumstances
C. since there are many other jobs that pay much better 10. Since unemployment benefits are so generous in
D. as if you know how bad the situation there really is some Western European countries_____
3. _____, but I do find it useful now in my work as a A. they spend a lot of their time going from job to job
tourist guide. B. most of them invited immigrant workers in the late
A. I used to believe that studying history was a waste of time 1960s
B. Dancing was my favourite activity when I was a child C. a strong family system helps to support those who are
C. As a teenager, I never had any interest whatsoever in my out of work
school subjects D. people there do not panic if they lose their jobs
D. I‘ve always believed that reading about their city benefits 11. _____as he will be arrested the moment he returns.
all its inhabitants A. He was caught embezzling large amounts of money
B. He owes a large amount of money to both foreign and C. since the first one was developed at the beginning of the
domestic companies 17th century
C. He has to stay out of the country for the time being D. that the great astronomers of the past could not even have
D. The Attorney General has announced that all charges dreamed of
against him have been dropped 22. Since the publisher refuses to accept the contract as
12. _____which he became the first European to see. valid, _____.
A. The source of the Nile was discovered by John Hanning A. they both signed it three months ago
Speke B. neither side had admitted that they were wrong
B. In 1795, the Scotsman Mungo Park set out from Gambia C. the author has decided to take him to court
to explore the Niger River D. the writer would have received more money
C. Lake Tanganyika was explored in 1856 by Richard F. 23. The word “ robot” first appeared in Czech writer
Burton Karel Capek‘s 1921 play R.U.R., _____.
D. In the year 1099, Jerusalem was conquered by the knights A. who wrote with intelligence and humour on a wide
of the First Crusade variety of topics
13. Our professor had forgotten to bring her glasses to B. so the most important development for robots was the
the lecture hall, _____ . invention of the computer
A. so her assistant ran to her office to pick them up C. that is a criticism of the relentless advance of
B. nor did she forget her notes on the subject technology
C. even though she couldn‘t find them anywhere D. where the robots in question are actually products of
D. while in the middle of lecturing about macroeconomics genetic engineering
14. Everyone was having such a wonderful time at the 24. Even though Chicago‘s population had been falling
party _____. ever since the 1950s, _____
A. that they didn‘t notice the police around the house A. however long it took for the number of residents to
B. as they all felt it would have been better to stay home exceed one million
C. because the food prepared had made them all ill B. the most recent census showed that it may have begun
D. except for those who had already arrived picking up again
15. _____of the people gathered in the conference room. C. unless the City Council does something about the slums
A. It took poor Mr. Wilson days to get ready on the city‘s south side
B. The number of workers present really looked D. it was officially granted city status on 4 March 1837
C. Ms. Toff demanded the full attention 25. ______ the French artist Marcel Duchamp
D. The suspect in the case finally confessed produced another work of art out of his Large Glass.
16. _____when we‘re walking the streets at night. A. By having it photographed after it had been covered by
A. It was a very peaceful winter scene a thick layer of chest
B. My mother witnessed an accident B. His entirely new attitude toward art and society was far
C. Not a single star has come out yet from being negative
D. We should all be a bit more careful C. Consisting of two large panels of glass welded one on
17. The headmaster asked the young man _____. top of the other
A. what length will his hair have grown to by the end of the D. The extensive notes written to accompany the Large
term Glass
B. how often he had been in trouble before
C. where he has concealed the offensive note
D. why was he such an unruly child
18. If guns had never been invented, _____.
A. people didn‘t need to protect themselves from violent
crimes
B. the planet would probably have a higher population today
C. no one so young ought to learn to shoot one
D. police had to use batons in place of them
19. _____, the 1928 silent film The Wind remains an
extremely powerful work.
A. Despite high praise from everyone
B. When first released to theatres
C. No matter how powerful it may be
D. Though largely forgotten today
20. by the time she made it to the other side of
the river.
A. Marie had already arrived safe at home
B. It can be a very dangerous place to swim
C. Jesse had nearly fainted with exhaustion
D. There are so many obstacles found in the water
21. Today, astronomers use telescopes .
A. which has been used in solar studies since 1610
B. when accurate observations became possible