TYPES OF SPORTS

When we talk about the different types of sports we can

distinguish:

 Individual Sports. - They are all the sports in which participants compete as individuals,
alone, neither partner nor adversary (long jump).
 Adversary Sports. - They are all the sports where the players play 1 against 1. They
can play in a share or common field (fight) or in a separate field (Tennis). There are divided in:
- Fight or combat sports. (Karate, Boxing...)
- Racket Sports. Tennis, badminton, paddle 1:1. (Except 2 against 2 sports
because there are Collective sports)

 Collective Sports. - There are all the sports where you play with partner. It´s possible that you
play against an adversary team. Thus we can distinguish:
- Cooperation sports.
- Cooperation and Opposition sports.

We are going to study the Collective Sports this trimester and it´s important to pay attention at
the next classification.

+ Separate Space- Alternative Participation: Volley.

+ Common Space- Alternative Participation: Squash.
+Common Space- At the same time Participation: Handball.

HANDBALL
The handball is a collective sports that it´s played in cooperation and opposition and with
common Space and at the same time participation. The goal is scoring as many goals as possible.

THE PLAYING COURT

The playing court is a 40mt long and 20mt wide rectangle. The longer boundary lines are
called side lines and the shorter ones are called goal lines (between the goalposts) or outer goal
lines (on either side of the goal). The most important lines in the field are:
 The free-throw line (9 mt line). It´s a dashed line and the place where you throw in the fouls.
 The 7 mt line. It´s a one meter long line, directly in front of the goal.
 The 6 mt line or goal area line. It´s a goal area and It´s forbidden crossing or stepping, neither
defender players nor attack players.
The playing time is 2 halves of 30 minutes. The half-time break is 10 minutes.

PLAYERS

A team consist in 14 players. No more than 7 players may be present on the court at the
same time, the rest of them are substitutes. Substitutes may enter in the court at any time and
repeatedly, using the substitution lines. Each player it´s called with different name according
with the position where he/she plays.
  Goalkeeper. Position whose role is to prevent the ball from entering the net. It´s the only
player allowed to touch the ball with the feet.
 2 Wingers. Player who plays in the next to the corner, using speed and agility.
 2 Backcourt. Position behind the wingers, excellent shooter.
 Centre backcourt. They organize the game, it´s the team´s offensive leader.
 Pivot. This player tries to slip through the defence and creates holes in it. He/she usually
plays backwards.

BASIC RULES
 Walking - If a handball player takes more than three steps without dribbling (bouncing
the ball) or holds the ball for more than 3 seconds without bouncing it, shooting or passing, then
that is deemed ‘walking' and possession is lost.
 Double dribble.- Handball players cannot receive the ball and bounce it, then hold
the ball, and bounce it again. This is termed ‘double dribble’ and is against the rules.
 Kicking.-Handball players (other than the goalkeeper) must not kick the ball. If the
ball touches the foot, then possession is awarded to the opposition.
 Free-throws in handball - These are awarded for slight infringements of the rules.
All defenders are required to stay 3m away from the person taking the free-throw.
 Penalty-throws in handball - These are awarded when a clear chance of scoring is
illegally stopped.
 Throw-ins - These are awarded after the ball has crossed a side line. It is taken by the
side who did not touch it last, with the player stepping the line where ball went out and passing
it back into the court.
 Corners - A corner is taken by the attacking side when a defender has knocked the
ball over the goal line (other than in the goal). The player puts one foot on the corner of the side
line and the goal line and passes the ball in.
 Goal-throws - This occurs when the ball comes off a goalkeeper and crosses the goal
line. The goalkeeper then takes the throw from within their own area
 The six metre line - No handball player (other than the goalkeeper) is allowed in the
goal area (inside the 6m line). Exceptions are after a shot on goal, when the player jumps into
the area and shoots the ball before landing in the goal area
 Passive.- It is not permitted to keep the ball in the team’s possession without making
any recognizable attempt to attack or to shoot on goal.

DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS
In the game, the sanctions are progressive following the order: warning, exclusion,
disqualification, expulsion.
Yellow card: It´s serves to warm any player or coach. Applied in some fouls, by complaints or
when after a foul the player does not leave the ball in the indicated place, being able to vary
with the criterion of each referee.
Two minutes: This is only applied to players. The players must remain out of the game for a
period of two minutes (which will be controlled by the timekeeper), and after being able to
return to the game with the permission of the referee’s table. During this period the team is less
than one player, this punishment is generally applied to misdemeanour fouls and incorrect
substitutions.
Red Card: (or disqualification)
When a Red Card is applied, the player must leave the court, neither being able to remain on the
reserve bench nor to return to play. The team stays for two minutes with one player less and
after can complete the team with another player. (A player who receives more than 3 “Two
Minutes” during the match is automatically disqualified)
Exclusion: This is an extreme resource of arbitration, used only in cases of physical and verbal
aggression. The player suffering from exclusion cannot return to the court or sit on the bench,
and his team remains until the end of the match with one player less .

TECHNIQUE
Is the physical movement involved in the skills of the sport. We have learned bounce, passes ,
feints and shots.

STRATEGY/ TACTICS
Tactics is defined as the choice of the most useful and the most effective action in the given
concrete situation. When you apply the techniques in a real situation during a match, this is
Strategy. It can be individual or collective and offensive and defensive
OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE SISTEM

- DEFENSIVE SISTEM
1. Man-to-man defence. Demands that each player guards the closest opponent
immediately after the loss of the ball.
2. Zone Defensive Systems. We name these systems according to the basic
position of the defenders. If all defenders have their positions at the goal area line,
then it is the defensive system 6:0. The movement of the defender player is called
SWING. If one of the defender player go out and make pressure over the central
court player is called 5:1.
3. Mix: It´s a mix between man to man defence and zone defence.
- OFFENSIVE SISTEM
1. Attacking Systems against Man-to-man Defence. Get away from your
opponent for all the field.
2. Attacking Systems against Zone and Combined Defence. When using this
system the attackers play the roles of back court players, pivots and wings. We
have learned 3:3

6:0 3:3 5:1

FLOORBALL

Floorball is an indoor game, similar to ice hockey, but it is non violent, so we can
play safely at highschool. It is a fast team sport with no physical contact. Floorball
is also called floor hockey,
innebandy, (in Sweden) salibandy (in Finland) and unihockey (in
Switzerland).There are many professional leagues, such as Finland ́s
Salibandyliiga and Sweden ́s Svenska Superliga.

VOCABULARY IN THIS LESSON:

Rink Pista Goalkeeper Portero
Match Partido Rounded corners Esquinas redondeadas
Goal cages Jaulas de porteríaTie Empate
Fixed situations Situaciones a bola parade Free hit Golpe franco
Penalty shot Lanzamiento de penalty Face-off dots Puntos de saque neutral
Break Descanso

Offence Falta
Hit Golpear Attackers Atacantes

Face off Saque neutral Hit in Saque de banda Sorrounded

Rodeado Period Periodo

Extra time Prórroga Curb Bordillo

Throw Lanzar Defenders Defensores

1. THE RINK
Dimensions of the rink
The rink is a rectangle that measures 40 m long and 20 m wide. It is surrounded
by a wall 50 cm high with rounded corners.

Markings on the rink

All lines must be 4-5 cm wide, in a clearly visible colour.
Goal areas measure 4 m x 5 m.
Goalkeeper areas measure 1 m x 2,5 m.
Face-off dots are on the centre line and on the imaginary extensions of the goal
lines, 1.5m from the sides of the rink.

Goal cages
Goal cages measure 160cm x115cm x 65cm. Upper corners must be rounded.

Ball
The ball will be made of plastic material and will weigh 23gr. It will be white,
spherical and with a diameter of 72mm. It has 26 holes of 10mm each.

Stick
The stick will be built in plastic material and its weight should not exceed 380gr. Its
length should not exceed 950mm.
2. GAMETIME
Regular game time
Regular game time is 3 periods of 20 minutes with two breaks of 10 minutes.

Extra time
If a match ends with a tie, teams play extra time until one team scores. The extra
time is limited to 10 minutes. If no team scores in 10 minutes, the match is decided
by penalty shots.

3. PARTICIPANTS
Players
Each team can use a maximum of 20 players. Only six can be on the rink at the
same time.

Particular goalkeeper's equipment

The goalkeeper must not use a stick.
The goalkeeper must wear a face mask. The goalkeeper can use helmet and
gloves.

4. RULES
It is allowed:
✔ Hit or direct the ball with both sides of the stick
✔ Play with the curb or the walls.
✔ Stop the ball with: stick, chest or foot.
✔ Direct the ball with your foot towards your own stick. ✔ Remove the ball from an
opponent.

It is prohibited:
It is considered free-hit:
✗ Raise the stick above the knee even to catch a high ball. ✗ Put a part of the
body in the goal zone (for attacke)

✗ Stop a ball with your head or hand.

✗ Make a pass with your foot.
✗ Play the ball when you are on the ground. ✗ Lift or immobilize the stick of an
opponent.

✗ Oppose the opponent with the body or push him. It is considered penalty
shot:
✗ Put a part of the body in the goal area (for defenders).
✗ Violently attacking an opponent or playing dangerously.
✗ Beat a player.
✗ Tripping or placing the stick between the legs of the opponent.
 COLPBOL

The Colpbol is a collective sport that it´s played in cooperation and opposition and with
common Space and at the same time participation. The goal is to score as many goals as possible.
The teams must be mixed boys and girls, and they are formed by 7 players. The playing time is 2
halves of 25 minutes. The half-time break is 10 minutes.

These are the MAIN RULES of this fun game:

1. It's played on a handball court

2. Players can only HIT the ball with the hands, arms or head. The goalkeeper is the only
player who can touch the ball with any part of his/her body only to save a goal.
3. The ball can NEVER be touched by the same player twice, because it´s double.

During the game, players aren't allowed to:

 Hold, grab or retain the ball
 Hit the ball twice
 Punch the ball or hit the ball with closed fist.
 Kick the ball (only the goalkeeper)
 Push or grab other players.
 Don´t respect the distance in the throw in .

All these infractions are FOULS and are sanctioned by a throw in for the team that receives the
foul.

We have learned the next types of hits:

+ Palm / front
+ Backhand
+ Right off the bat
+ Volley
+ Between the legs
+ Touch of fingers

BODY POSTURE
Each person has a way of moving, standing, sitting very characteristic , and this is called
Body Posture. The locomotor system can be damaged if it is subjected to excessive stresses or
incorrect postures continuously. These defects of the posture we observe in our daily life and in
the practice of physical activity
 Posture is the way in which we hold our bodies while seated, standing, lying down or moving.
The locomotor system can be damage if you have to hold tension or wrong postures in a
continuous way. The defects of the posture can exist in our daily life activities and when you do
physical exercise. These are several advice to take care of your back and your Position.

1.- Do exercise regularly.

2.- Be active and avoid to be seated down for a long time.
3.- If you have a pain in your back tell your parents.
4.- Use a school bag with wide braces and put in over your shoulders.
5.- The best sleeping position is on our back
6.- When you sit down, keep your back straight and rest it in the back of the chair, with the heels
and feet support on the floor. Move and walk for five minutes every five hours.
7.- When you raise an object put it as close to you as posible, grab the objects with two hands
and keep your back straight.

POSTURAL HYGIENE IN THE PHYSICAL EXERCISE

Postural hygiene is the set of healthy habits that allow us to keep the spine in good condition.
It´s the proper way to do a movement or position to avoid injuries or discomfort in our body.
The goal of postural hygiene is to prevent or reduce musculoskeletal injures caused by static
postures and incorrect movements or muscle overloads.This means that if you follow a series of
guidelines when maintaining a position for a certain time, you will prevent diseases in the area of
the back and joints. In addition to the bony area of your body, the muscular part also suffers
with bad postures.
Whenever you are walking your body is suffering small impacts that affect your entire bone
structure. A good footwear is key at the time of cushioning them, but it is also important that you
stay upright and straight (without forcing). If you do not keep that position straight, the impacts
can affect areas less prepared to receive them (the spine is the strongest area in this regard).
Keep your eyes straight ahead.

SPORT TOURNAMENTS
 There are different types of sport Tournaments:

1. - League System. All the teams play again each other. For example, with 16 teams the
matches would be:
1vs 2 1vs 3 1vs4 1vs5 1vs6 1vs7 1vs8 1vs9 1vs10 1vs11 1vs12 1vs13 1vs14 1vs15
1vs16
2vs3 2vs4 2vs5 2vs 6 2vs7 2vs8 2vs9 2vs10 2vs11 2vs12 2vs13 2vs14 2vs15 2vs16
3vs4 3vs5 3vs6 3vs7 3vs8 3vs9 3vs10 3vs11 3vs12 3vs13 3vs14 3vs15 3vs16
4vs5 4vs6 4vs7 4vs8 4vs9 4vs10 4vs11 4vs12 4vs13 4vs14 4vs15 4vs16
5vs6 5vs7 5vs8 5vs9 5vs10 5vs11 5vs12 5vs13 5vs14 5vs15 5vs16
6vs7 6vs8 6vs9 6vs10 6vs11 6vs12 6vs13 6vs14 6vs15 6vs16 ETC ETC ETC

TOTAL MATCHES PLAYED 8 matches every journey (match day) x 15 matches every team= 120
TOTAL
MATCHES

2.- Preliminar Round/ Crossing. By lottery, the teams that will cross in the first journey will be
decided. (Like the Copa Del Rey)
OCTAVOS/QUARTERS /SEMI-FINAL FINAL/3rd-4thPOST SEMI-FINAL/QUARTERS/OCTAVES

1 9
2 10

3 11
4 FINAL 12
WINNER

5 13
6 SEMI-FINAL 14
LOSER
7 15
8 16

Following our example of 16 teams, 16 matches will be played.

3. - Tournament. For our example of 16 teams, there would be 4 groups of 4 teams each group
that would play a little “League” of 3 matches each group. After, the winner of each group would
go through to a final phase by crossing (seen before). It would be the example of Football´s
World Cup

GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D

1 5 9 13 1ºA FINAL 1ºC
2 6 10 14 1ºB 1ºD
3 7 11 15 3rd-4thPOST
4 8 12 16

Following our example of 16 teams, 16 matches will be played.

4. - PLAY-OFF. - For our example of 16 teams, 15 journeys would be played with league
system of all against all. This would create a classification where the first 8 winners would play
the Play-offs. The order in which they remain will determine who plays against who. 1ºvs8º,
2ºvs7º, 3ºvs6º and 4ºvs5º
This round of Play off is played to the best of 3 matches, that is, you play against the
same
1 team (1º vs8º) to see who is the best of 3 matches (it is possible to play only 2)
2
3 1 The 4 qualifiers play another round of Play Off to the best of 3 matches
4 2 again, it would be the SEMIFINALS
5 3 1
6 4 3 The 2 winners would play the FINAL to the best of 5 matches.
7
8 It would be the example of our basket League.

USUAL INJURES

¿WHAT IS? SYMPTOMS ¿WHAT TO DO?

La The joint suffers a Pain, + Apply cold in the first
movement with an inflammation, days
amplitude greater bruised color and + Rest
than its possibilities, possible lack of + Keep the limb elevated.
SPRAIN and inflammation or mobility + Apply a compressive
ruptures in the bandage. RICE SYSTEM
partial or total + Rehabilitation if necessary
ligaments occur

Pe Ev + Avoid trigger factors.

Loss of muscle tone Loss of + Lay down the person with
and consciousness consciousness and the legs elevated
due to decreased muscle tone + Loosen clothes.
blood flow to the + Ventilate the area.
brain + Check vital signs. LPS,
Q Perhaps due to resuscitation
LIPOTIMIA nervous causes or
after exercise, when
the blood is
"stagnant" in the
lower limbs, there is
difficulty in venous
return.

Injuries from 1st grade: Apply warm running water.

exposure to any form Redness, it hurts a If the clothing has burned:
of intense heat little. Never peel it off, go to the
2nd grade 2nd: doctor.
Blisters, it hurts Go to the doctor
enough.
3rd grade: It A
BURNS hurts a lot, it
affects the nerves.
4th grade: It
hurts less,
because the nerve
endings have
burned

Inflammation of the Headache. Take protective measures:

meninges by direct Heat, elevated cap, be in the shade.
exposure to intense temperature. Hydrate
sunlight for a long Vomiting, tª> 40º, Place in the shade in a
INSOLATION
time dehydration ventilated place.
Avoid exercising at the
central hours of the day in
summer.
EXTERNAL Outflow of the blood Exit blood: Very Press directly on the exit
HEMORRHAGE stream out of the important, when it with a cloth.
body by the rupture is bright and Do not make tourniquets,
of blood vessels spurting is arterial only health workers.
blood.
Weak pulse
Fast breathing.
Paleness of the
skin.
Decrease in
 consciousness

A Skin involvement Pain, Affectation + Wash the wound with

due to a blow or fall of the superficial clean water jet or
part of the skin. disinfectant
Slight bleeding + Wipe with gauze
+ Cover it if is necessary
WOUNDS
due to its location , better to
the air.