• Assigned a bodyguard, Don Jose Taviel de

Week 7: Rizal’s First Homecoming and Early Andrade, who became a close friend.
Controversies
Calamba Agrarian Problem:
The 1st Homecoming (1886):
• Dominicans expanded their hacienda claims
• Rizal returned to the Philippines via Rome, beyond their legal boundaries, evicting 400 tenants, including
Marseilles, and Saigon, arriving in Manila on August 6, 1886. Rizal’s family.

• Converted the ground floor of their Calamba • General Valeriano Weyler supported the
house into a clinic; his first patient was his mother, whom he Dominicans, forcibly removing families and destroying
successfully treated for cataracts. properties.

• Charged wealthy patients European-style fees • Rizal documented and exposed the friars’
but treated poor patients for free or accepted goods as financial deceit but faced legal battles that led to his family’s
payment. eviction.

• Built a gymnasium for local youth to discourage Week 8: Travels in Europe and Advocacy Work
gambling.
Studies in London (1888-1889):
• Unable to see Leonor Rivera due to family
conflicts. • Rizal annotated Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos
de las Islas Filipinas, highlighting pre-colonial Filipino
Noli Me Tangere Controversy: achievements.

• Summoned by Governor-General Emilio Terrero • Published Los Agricultores Filipinos, addressing

to explain accusations of subversion in Noli Me Tangere. farmers’ plight, and contributed to La Solidaridad.

• Friars labeled the novel heretical; the • Celebrated Christmas with the Beckett family,
Permanent Commission on Censorship recommended its ban. where he stayed while in London.

• Despite persecution, public curiosity led to the Paris Universal Exposition (1889):
novel’s widespread and costly circulation.
 • Participated in the exposition but did not win • Controversial election made Rizal the leader of
any awards. Filipinos abroad, causing tensions with Marcelo H. del
Pilar.
• Organized the Kidlat Club and later Indios
Bravos, promoting Filipino pride. • Disappointed by factionalism among
compatriots but accepted the position for unity.
• Conceived plans for a Filipino college in Hong
Kong, focusing on a comprehensive curriculum.

Life in Brussels, Belgium (1890):

• Lived modestly to focus on writing El Printing of El Filibusterismo:

Filibusterismo.
• Completed and published the novel with
• Wrote articles addressing moral and political financial aid from Valentin Ventura after months of
issues for La Solidaridad. struggle.

• Received news of his family’s hardships, • Left for Hong Kong to address his family’s
leading to a deepening sense of foreboding about his fate. plight.

Week 9: Struggles in Madrid and Preparing for Home Week 10: Founding of the La Liga Filipina

Sad Experiences in Europe: Date and Location

• Fought for Calamba tenants’ rights, but Spanish • When: July 3, 1892
officials ignored his protests.
• Where: Home of Doroteo Ongjungco, a
• Suffered personal losses: Leonor Rivera’s Chinese-Filipino mestizo, on Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila.
marriage and Jose Ma. Panganiban’s death.
Purpose
• Challenged Antonio Luna and Wenceslao
Retana to duels over insults but later reconciled. • To unite the Philippine archipelago into a
compact, homogenous organization.
Leader of All Filipinos:
 • Aims: • Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira): Mason
and teacher.
1. Mutual protection against injustice.
Structure and Rules
2. Defense against violence.
• Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All).
3. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and
commerce. • Structure:

4. Study and application of reforms. • Supreme Council: Governed the entire

organization.
Key Attendees and Members
• Provincial Councils: Formed in each province.
• President: Ambrosio Salvador, gobernadorcillo
of Quiapo. • Popular Councils: Formed in towns.

• Secretary: Deodato Arellano, brother-in-law of • Duties of Members:

Marcelo H. del Pilar.
1. Pay ten centavos monthly dues.
• Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo, a dentist.
2. Obey orders from the Council.
• Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa, a bookkeeper.
3. Maintain secrecy about Liga decisions.
• Other attendees included:
4. Recruit new members and respect everyone.
• Apolinario Mabini (Katabay): Lawyer and reform
advocate. Rizal’s Arrest and Banishment

• Andres Bonifacio: Warehouse employee who Arrest

later founded the Katipunan.
• When: July 6, 1892.
• Teodoro Plata: Court clerk.
• Reason: Governor-General Eulogio Despujol
• Ambrosio Flores (Musa): Retired lieutenant. accused Rizal of disloyalty to Spain and of distributing the
satirical pamphlet Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars), found under 1. Medicine:
his sister Lucia’s pillow.
• Treated both rich and poor patients.
• The leaflet, written under the pseudonym P.
Jacinto, criticized friars for amassing wealth despite their vows • Charged rich patients but treated the poor for
of poverty. free.

Charges • Gained fame as an ophthalmologist.

• Publishing books and articles abroad that were: 2. Education:

• Anti-Spain. • Founded a free school for boys in 1893.

• Anti-Catholic. • Taught academics, practical skills, and

character building.
• Anti-friar.
3. Community Projects:
• Dedicating El Filibusterismo to the Gomburza
martyrs. • Built a water system using bamboo pipelines.

Deportation to Dapitan • Beautified the municipal plaza and created a

relief map of Mindanao.
• When: Between July 14-15, 1892.
• Installed a lighting system using coconut oil
• Journey: Rizal was transported aboard the lamps.
steamer Cebu under heavy guard.
4. Scientific Studies:
• Arrival in Dapitan: July 17, 1892. He was
handed over to Capt. Ricardo Carnicero, the local • Discovered new species, including:
commandant.
• Draco rizali (flying lizard).
The Dapitan Exile (1892-1896)
• Apogonia rizali (beetle).
Achievements in Dapitan
 • Rhacophorus rizali (frog). • Fr. Pablo Pastells:

5. Inventions and Arts: • Sent books and letters urging Rizal to reconcile
with Catholicism.
• Invented a brick-making machine and a lighter
(“sulpakan”). • Believed divine faith supersedes reason and
individual judgment.
• Created sculptures, such as:
• Rizal’s Views:
• “The Mother’s Revenge” (dedicated to his dog).
• Advocated for reason, self-esteem, and
• “The Dapitan Girl”. personal judgment.

Personal Life in Dapitan • Criticized friars for abusing their power.

• Friendship with Capt. Carnicero: • Believed religions varied but led to the same
truth.
• Rizal admired his kindness, and the two
became close friends. Birth of the Katipunan

• Together with Francisco Equilor, they won • After Rizal’s exile, the La Liga Filipina split into
P20,000 in the lottery (ticket no. 9736). Rizal used his share to two factions:
buy farmland.
1. Los Compromisarios: Advocated for peaceful
• Relationship with Josephine Bracken: reforms.

• She was an 18-year-old Irish woman who came 2. The Separatists: Sought independence through
to Dapitan with her stepfather, George Taufer, seeking armed rebellion.
treatment.
• Founding of the Katipunan:
• Josephine and Rizal developed a close
relationship, offering him comfort in his isolation. • Date: July 7, 1892.

Rizal-Pastells Religious Debates

 • Location: House of Deodato Arellano, • Left Dapitan on July 31, 1896, after securing
Azcarraga Street, Manila. permission to serve as a physician in Cuba.

• Founders: Andres Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, • Arrested mid-journey, falsely implicated in the
Ladislao Diwa. Katipunan uprising.

Writings During Exile Trial and Execution:

1. Himno a Talisay (Hymn to the Talisay Tree): • Charged with rebellion, sedition, and illegal
association based on fabricated evidence and biased
• Written to honor the Talisay tree, where Rizal witnesses.
and his students often gathered.
• Denied a fair trial and sentenced to death on
2. Mi Retiro (My Retreat): December 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan.

• A poem reflecting on Rizal’s peaceful yet lonely • Composed Mi Último Adiós, reflecting on his
life in exile. patriotism and sacrifice.

3. Canto del Viajero (Song of the Traveler):

• Celebrates his upcoming freedom to travel

again after his exile.

Week 11: The 1896 Revolution and Rizal’s Final Days

The 1896 Revolution:

• Advised against the Katipunan’s plans, citing

lack of preparation, resources, and leadership.

• Recommended Antonio Luna for military

leadership and sought Japanese support for funding.

End of Exile and Arrest: