DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL KALINGA

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

(For the partial fulfilment of SSCE 2024-25 of CBSE, New Delhi)

SUBMITTED BY: GUIDED BY:

NAME: Mr. Sanjay Jena
AISSCE ROLL NO: Mr. V Veera Bhadra Rao
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that of Class

XII, Science bearing CBSE Roll No. _________
has successfully completed and submitted the
investigatory project entitled "ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES" in partial fulfilment of AISSCE, 2024-25
of CBSE, NEW DELHI under my personal guidance and
supervision.

Date: _____________

Counter Signature by Principal Signature of Teacher

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all those who

have helped me in completing the project entitled "ASSISTED
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES" for the partial fulfillment of
AISSCE 2024-25 under CBSE.

I am extremely thankful to the principal Mrs. Anuradha Rakshit for

her willing help and valuable guidance.

I thank my teacher Mr. V Veera Bhadra Rao and Mr. Sanjay Jena for
their constant encouragement, guidance and critical analysis.

I extend my thanks to our Lab Assistant Mr. Bidhu Ranjan Panda

for his patience and help. I thank my family and friends for their
kind cooperation.

At last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving this
opportunity to undertake this project.

Submitted By- ____________________________________

AISSCE Roll Number- _____________________

 CONTENTS

1) Introduction

2) Various Techniques

3) In Vitro Fertilization

4) Embryo Transfer

5) Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer

6) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer

7) Intra Uterine Transfer

8) Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

9) Artificial Insemination

10) Causes for adopting ART

11) Advantages of ART

12) Disadvantages of ART

13) Conclusion

14) Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION

When we talk about reproductive health, it is not complete without

mentioning infertility. There are a variety of reasons including
diseases, drugs, immunological or physiological imbalances for
which a large number of couples are infertile. Special healthcare
units are set up to diagnose the problem. In some cases,
corrections are not possible, so they can be assisted to have some
special techniques commonly known as 'Assisted Reproductive
Technologies (ART)'.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the technology used to

achieve pregnancy by methods such as fertility medication, in vitro
fertilization and surrogacy. It is reproductive technology used
primarily for infertility treatments, and is also known as fertility
treatment. Some forms of ART are also used with regard to fertile
couples for genetic reasons. ART is also used for couples who are
discordant for certain communicable diseases.
 VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

a) In Vitro Fertilisation: In vitro fertilization

(IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an
egg is combined with sperm outside the
body, in vitro (in glass). The process
involves monitoring and stimulating a
woman's ovulatory process, removing an
ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the woman’s
ovaries and letting sperm fertilize them in a
liquid in a laboratory. The fertilized egg
(zygote) undergoes embryo culture for 2-6 days
and is then transferred to the same woman's uterus
with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy.

b) Embryo Transfer: Embryo transfer (ET)

refers to a step in the process of assisted
reproduction in which embryos are placed
in the uterus of a female with the intent to
establish a pregnancy. This technique,
(often used in the connection with IVF)
may be used in humans or animals, in
which situations the goals may vary.
Embryo transfer can be done at day two or
day three, or later in the blastocyst stage, which
was first performed in 1984.

c) Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer: ZIFT is an assisted

reproductive procedure similar to IVF and ET, the difference being
that the fertilized embryo is transferred into the fallopian tube instead
of the uterus. ZIFT is an infertility treatment used when a blockage in
the fallopian tube prevents the normal binding of sperm to the egg.
Egg cell is removed from a woman's ovaries, and in vitro fertilization.
 The resulting zygote is placed into the
fallopian tube. Fertilized eggs (zygotes)
are then returned to the fallopian tubes
with laparoscopic surgery. The procedure
is a spinoff of the Gamete Intra
Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) procedure.

d) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer:

Eggs from woman and sperms from man
undergo fusion by employing laboratory
techniques in the laboratory. Later, the
eggs are implanted in the fallopian tube
of the female. The fertilization occurs
inside the body of a woman by applying
GIFT treatment and not in the laboratory.
Couples who want a natural treatment so
that fertilization and implantation process
occur inside the woman's body opt for this
form of ART.

e) Intra Uterine Insemination:

Intra Uterine Insemination is the process
of transfer of a man's sperm into a
woman's uterus with the help of a long
narrow tube. Moreover, it is possible to
apply this method in combination with
stimulation of ovulation. Together, the
processes can sometimes increase the
chances of pregnancy.

f) Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injections:

It is a special form of IVF technique that helps
 in the formation of an embryo inside the
woman's uterus by direct injection of the
sperm into the egg/ovum. In this technique.
it is possible to directly inject a single sperm
cell into the cytoplasm of the ova. This
technique helps in the preparation of gametes
and formation of embryos which is transferred
into the uterus of the woman.

g) Artificial Insemination: Al is the In Vitro

Fertilization (IVF)deliberate introduction of
sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity
for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy
through IVF by means other than sexual inter-
course. It is a fertility treatment for humans
and is a common practice in animal breeding
including dairy cattle and pigs.
 CAUSES OF ADOPTING ART
ART can make this a reality for people who would be unable
to have a baby otherwise.

i) Blocked tube: For women with blocked or damaged

fallopian tubes, IVF provides the best opportunity of having
a child using their own ova.

ii) Older patients/patients with low ovarian reserve:

IVF can be used to maximize the chance of older patients
conceiving.

iii) Male infertility: Couples with a male infertility problem

will have a much higher chance of conceiving with IVF than
conceiving naturally.

iv) Unexplained infertility: 1 in 6 couples suffer from

fertility problems and sometimes these remain
undiagnosed even after investigation. These patients may
benefit from intervention.

v) Premature ovarian failure: Women with premature

ovarian failure or menopause can have IVF treatment using
donor eggs, which typically has high success rates.

ADVANTAGES OF ART
ART helps many patients who would be otherwise unable to
conceive. The ultimate advantage of ART is achieving a successful
pregnancy and a healthy baby.

It has been used for a long time and has a safe track record.

 IVF can be more successful than IUI and other forms of

assisted reproductive technology. IVF rates have been
increasing since its conception, thanks to technological
advances.

 It can help single women and same-sex couples. For single

women or same sex couples who wish to have a child. IVF
with donor sperm can help potential patients achieve this
goal.

 ART can help to diagnose fertilization problems. In some

cases of unexplained infertility, there could be a problem with
fertilization. Cases such as these may not be diagnosed until
fertilization is attempted in the laboratory.

 Unused embryos can be donated to research or another

couple. With the permission of the biological parents, unused
embryos can be donated for research purposes, or to another
couple to enable them to have a child.

DISADVANTAGES OF ART
An IVF cycle may be unsuccessful. The success of IVF is not
guaranteed, and patients often have to undergo more than one
cycle of treatment before they are successful.

There may be associated side effects and risks. As a medical

treatment, IVF comes with a small chance of developing side
effects.

In IVF treatments, there is often more than one embryo put back
into the uterus and this leads to a higher likelihood of multiple
pregnancies.

 There is a slightly higher chance of ectopic pregnancy. With

IVF treatment, the risk of an ectopic pregnancy doubles to 1-
3%, particularly in women with damaged fallopian tubes.

 There is evidence that high estrogen levels associated with

high stimulation IVF can increase the risk of prematurity and
low birth weight in babies.

 IVF treatments can be expensive. IVF treatment is not cheap,

and after paying for medication and blood tests, the costs can
quickly mount up.

 Some patients may be concerned about ethical issues. The

idea of selecting some embryos and potentially discarding
others may not sit well with everybody.

INVESTIGATORY REPORT CUM PUBLIC

FEEDBACK

AIM- To determine the percentile of methods of 'ART' in a particular

place. people using the various
EQUIPMENT - Pen & Paper

LOCATION - Bhubaneswar

QUESTION - Which type of the following methods of ART was used by

you?

PROCEDURE – The question mentioned above was asked to

100 different couples of Bhubaneswar, their feedbacks were
collected and was displayed in a form of pictorial
representation mentioned below.

TOTAL NO. OF COUPLES- 100

CITY: Bhubaneswar

People feed backs on the question:

ZIFT- 20%

Al - 05%

GIFT- 15%

NORMAL- 35%

IUT -10%

ADOPTION - 10%

ICSI - 05%
OBSERVATION - The collected valuable data were represented in a
pictorial representation.

ICSI
5%
Adoption ZIFT
10% 20%
ZIFT AI

GIFT NORMAL
IUT
10% IUT Adoption
AI
5%
ICSI

GIFT
15%

NORMAL
35%

CONCLUSION
Assisted reproductive technologies are now well-established
treatments for many types of sub fertility, representing substantial
economic and healthcare implications for patients, healthcare
providers and society as a whole. Despite this the complex
interaction between direct and indirect treatment costs,
affordability and consumer and provider behavior is only starting to
be investigated and understood. A greater understanding of the
relationship between the cost of ART treatment, utilization and safe
clinical practice will not only facilitate equitable access to care for
sub fertile patients but will also help children born from ART
procedures to get the best possible start in life. Given the high
estimated return on investment for ART children, it makes clinical
as well as economic sense to provide affordable treatment to those
who need it

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.google.com

• www.wikipedia.org

• www.icbse.com
• Class 12 NCERT Textbook

• Family And Friends

• Class subject teacher.