Ex 23.
1. Identity theft is a crime in which an attacker uses fraud or deception to obtain a
victim's confidential information and uses it for criminal purposes on the victim's
behalf. The attackers' goal is usually to obtain economic gain.
2. Some of the most common ways that identity theft crimes are committed include:
- Using counterfeit credit cards
- Forging a signature on a check
- Unauthorized use of someone else's credit card to make an online purchase5
- Using a counterfeit driver's license
- Forging a signature on a credit or debit card purchase
- Submitting false credit card applications
Ex 24.
1. F
2. A
3. B
4. E
5. C
6. D
Ex 25.
In 2023, 82,609 criminal proceedings were opened in Ukraine under Article 190 of
the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Fraud", Opendatabot reports, citing data from the
Prosecutor General's Office. This is the highest figure in the last 11 years.
Key facts
The number of opened criminal proceedings in 2023 is 2.6 times higher than in 2022,
when for the first time in a long time, Ukraine saw a surge in fraudster activity.
The last time a record for cases under this criminal proceeding was set in 2013 - then
the number of new proceedings reached 47,142. After that, the figure was declining
until the beginning of a full-scale invasion.
Already at the beginning of 2024, a new anti-record was set, in particular, in January
there were 8,421 opened proceedings under the same article. This is 1.4 times more
than in January 2023.
At the same time, the number of fraud cases that reach the court has decreased since
the beginning of the invasion - in 2021 there were 34%, and over the past two years -
only 18%.
In the first eight months of 2023, almost 60,000 criminal cases on fraud were opened,
this is the highest figure in recent years. According to Opendatabot, the number of
new cases is growing month by month in 2023. At the beginning of 2023, there were,
on average, 6,700 new cases against fraudsters, and since May, the average number of
cases opened per month has amounted to 8,200.
Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the activity of cyber
fraudsters has increased, according to a survey by the National Bank and Opendatabot
in October. 11% of Ukrainians have fallen victim to fraudsters since the beginning of
the invasion. Most often, Ukrainians were deceived when buying or selling goods on
the Internet.
Ex 26
4.2 – changing addresses
4.3 – pretexting
4.4 – stealing
4.5 – bin raiding
Ex 27
1. If the criminal has the bills for falsely obtain credit cards sent to an address other
than the victims the victim may not become aware of what is happening until the
criminal has already inflicted substantial damage on the victims assets, credit and
reputation.
2. Once you have placed a fraud alert on your credit report potential creditors must
use what the law refers to as reasonable policies and procedures to verify your identity
before issuing credit in your name.
3. The time is also used to describe the practice of creating websites of banks and
other financial institutions and people into visiting them and giving out their personal
information.
4. They may refuse to compensate the same person more than once if the customer’s
negligence was a contributory factor.
5. Banks often claim they will never send requests for confidential information by
email.
Ex 28.
1) а
2) с
3) а
4) с
