‘While doing this we have reproduced the exact words of the speaker and put them in inverted commas. The second way of reporting what the speaker had said is called the Indirect (Reported) Speech. While doing this we have "ade the following changes in the sentence. i. Conjunction that has bega~placed before the reported speech (Indirect ii. statement). iii, Verbanthas been changed into was. iv. Adverbnowhasbeen changed into then. Pronoun I has been changed to she Rule for changing Direct Speech into Indirect. 1. When the reporting verb is in the past tense, a. a present indefinite becomes a past indefinite: He said, Lamnota thief (DIRECT) He said that he was not a thief. (INDIRECT) b. a present continuous becomes a past continuous: She said, Tam working hard . DIRECT) She said that she was working hard: (INDIRECT) c. a present perfect becomes 2 past perfect He said, TMave'returned the books . (DIRECT) He said chat be bad cerumed the books. INDIRECT) d, a past indefinite changes into a past perfect. She said, The patient died in the hospital . (DIRECT) She said that the patient had died in the hospital. (INDIRECT) €. willshall changes into would/should He said, she will go there . (DIRECT) He caid that she would go there. (INDIRECT) 2. Pronouns of the first and. the stcond-person change into the third person However, ifthe person addreed reports the speech, second persons change into first She said, “Ldo now dgréewith you". (DIRECT) She said chae she did not agree with him. (INDIRECT) He said to the stranger, “I do not recognize you". (DIRECT) He told the stranger that he did not recognize him. (INDIRECT) The teacher said to Mueen, “I have taught you and your sister. (DIRECT) The teacher told Mucen that he had taught him and his sister. (INDIRECT) She said to me, “You are a lazy boy". (DIRECT), She told me that I was a lazy boy. (INDIRECT) 1703. Words showing nearness change into words showing distance: Word changes into “Word this that now then here shefe) \ thus ) 2 ~ today” x that day tomorrow the next day yesterday the day before last night the night before ago betore EXERCISE Change the following sentences into the indirect form of speech. She said, “I like clouds in the sky.” He said, “Lam unwell.” He said to her, “Live imphis\building.” They said, “Qutrreacher is on leave. Ariffand\Ayesha said co their mother, “We like mangoes.” She said, “Iam helping my mother in the kitchen.” He said, “I am watering the plants in the garden.” Atshan said, “I am sewing mother's shirt.” He said, “They are not doing their duty well.” He said co me, “You are not running very fast.” ‘They said, "We have done our duty.” The teacher said to us, “You have not completed your drawing.” She said, “They have not eaten their meals,” The teacher said, “I have often told yoti peteo play with fire.” My brother said to me, “You have misted the point completely.” He said, “I completed my drawing half an hour ago.” She said, “Ldid not go'to school yesterday.” He Said, “She sang a beautiful ghazal at the concert last night.” She said, "He rang me up at twelve midnight.” He said, “The boys did not put up @ good show last She said, “I shall never do such a thing,” Afshan said, “They will wait for us for one hour only.” They said, “We shall never make « promise,we cannvt fulfill.” He said, “I shall explain this to you only if you listen to me with patience.” He said, “I hope you will not repeat this mistake.” 74. Tn reporting questions: a. beginning with helping verb, we place whether oy if after the object of the reporting verb; oF ifthe answer to the question is Yes 68, No, we use whether or if after the object of the reporting veib. b. beginning wich an incerrogative Wotd Tike what and why we do not use any conjunction. Howeversthe) reporting verb is changed to asked, enquired, requested, eff Examples. He said, “Will you listen to me?” (Direct) He asked me whether I would listen to him. (Indirect) She said, “Are you going to Lahore today?” (Direct) She asked me whether I was going to Lahore that day. (Indirect) He said, “Do you agree with me?” (Dircet) He asked me whether I agreed with him. (Indirect) He said to me, “What are you looking for? (Direct) ve asked ine what T was looking for. (udivect). YA She said, “Where do you live?” (Direct) She enquired of them where they MRA MNaIec) He said, How many chapters! “have you done already? (Direct) He enquired of him how many chapters he had done by that time. (Indirect) EXERCISE 1, She said, “Is this your book?” 2. He said, “Do you have any share in this firm!” 3. They said, “Have you ever visited Murree Hills!” 4 5. . He said, “Aren't you ashamed of yourself?” . The teacher said, “Did you do your home task yesterday?" 6. The mother said, “Didn't I ask you not to go there?” 7. Rehana said, “Will you stop interfering in my wotlk?” 8. The mother said, “Shall we invite the Qureshis also?” 9. Adnan said, “Had you left Karachi before Writing this letter?” 10. The judge said, “Have yout anything more co say!” 11. He said, “Whar do you wane me to do?” 12. The mother said, “How did you fair in your examination?” 13, Raza said, “Where are you going?” 14. The teacher said, “Whose is this book?” 15, The teacher said, “Who is the author of this book?” 16. The stranger said, “Which is the way to Shalimar Gardens?” 17. The manager said, “How do you propose to solve this problem?” 18. The boy said, “What do you want me to do?” 19. The pupil said, “Where have I eased?” . The teacher said, “Who is next on list?” NS Ok5. In Imperative sentences the mood of verb is changed into the infinitive and the reported speech is introduced by some verb expressing command or request i.e. tell, ask, order, request, beg, appeal, entreat, adviser etes, The referee said, “Quiet, please”. (Direct) ‘The referee requested the spectdtor to be . (Indirect) The teacher said, “Domnoe}make a noise”. (Direct) ‘The teac fents not to make a noise. (Indirect) She said Al the eruth”, (Direct) She advised me to tell the truth. (Indirect) She said to me, “Please lend me your camera for a day.” (Direct) She requested me to lend her my camera for a day. (Indirect) Roshana said, “Let us finish our work first” (Direce) Roshana proposed that they should finish their work first. (Indirect) EXERCISE Change the following into the indirect narration. or es aa 10. 1B. 14, 15, He said to his sister, say'something.” She said toher fease have dinner with me tomorrow at eight.” The judgessid, “Call the next witness.” Farhan said to his uncle, “Please help me in getting some job.” ‘The doctor said to the patient, “Take camplere rest and follow my direction.” ‘The teacher said to the pupil, “Read the paragraph and explain it in simple English.” The mother said to her daughter, “Please tidy up your room.” She said to me, “Do not waste your time in idle talk.” The father said to his son, “Get up early in the morning and go for a walk.” Afshan sind, “Let us go for a picnic on Friday."\ He said to his friend, “Please lend,me your bike for a day.” He said to her, “Please fetch in water.” The master said to sieve! 30 and fetch me a glass of milk.” ‘The fathersaid- tohis so ‘Do not leave this room without my permission.” She said t them, “Let us not deceive ourselves.” In sentences expressing sudden and strong feelings or emotions and wishes, the reported speech is introduced by some verb expressing exclamation or wish. He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.” ‘He exclaimed with joy that they-had won the match. He said, “Alas! Tam ruined.” ore‘He exclaimed with sorrow that he had been ruined. He said, May God help me do my duty" He prayed that God might help him do his. duty EXERCISE Change the following inté the indirect form of narration. Seer aweene She said to her father, “May you live longy” She said, “May you prosper” The mother said to her daughter, “May God bless you with a sony’ She said, “Would that my father were aliv The mother said to her son, “May you return successfull” She said, “What a beautiful piece of art!” He said, “How wel she singst’ He said, “Alas! We cannot defeat our enemies!” She said, “What a pity you missed that function” He said, “Hurrah! I have won'the medal!” Tf the reporting verb is in the Present, Present perfect or Future tense the reported speech retains the same tense as used by the speaker. The pronouns. however. change as usual. She says, “I hope I am not late.” (Direct) She says that she hopes she is not late. (Indirect) He says, “I want to speak to you.” (Direct) He says that he wants to speak to him. (Indirect) You have said, “They are waiting outside.” (Direct) You have said thar they are waiting onrside. (Indirect) You will say, “She is cranky”. (Direct) You will say that she is cranky, (Indirect) EXERCISE ‘Change the following into.the indirect form of narration. They say, “We have done our duty.” She says, “We have shifted to another house.” The teacher will say, “You have done your work very well.” He says, “She has written me a very encouraging letter.” ‘She says, “We love and respect our neighbours very much.” She has said, “She is ready to accompany us to Karachi.” He says, “I have not heard the latest news about her.” The doctor says, “The patient is still in a otate/of coma 14.