Laboratory Activity No.

1
Familiariza on of Glassware and
Apparatus and eir Uses and
Basic Labora ry Techniques
NAME: DATE:

INTRODUCTION
In this activity, we will describe the most important basic techniques and
the apparatus commonly used in analytical operations. It is essential for students to
become familiar with these procedures and acquire dexterity in handling various
pieces of apparatus. Additionally, students must cultivate the habit of clean, orderly
working. To help in this direction, several key points for observance are provided
below. Mastering these fundamental skills and practices is crucial for success in
analytical chemistry and will form the foundation for more advanced work in this
eld.
By the end of this activity, you will be able to familiarize yourselves with the
di erent glasswares, equipment, and apparatus in the laboratory and some
important laboratory techniques.
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 KEY CONCEPTS
Good Laboratory Practice embodies di erent principles which are designed to ensure
and promote consistency, quality, safety, reliability, and integrity of chemicals during non-clinical and
laboratory testing.

A. Always Wear Appropriate Laboratory Attire

i. A clean, laboratory gown should be worn always inside the laboratory, all buttoned up;
ii. Long pants must be worn during lab classes;
iii. Closed shoes must be worn during lab periods;
iv. Wearing of make-up is permissible but at a minimum;
v. Maintained well-trimmed nails and avoid polished nails;
vi. Wear goggles and face masks when working with volatile solvents and potentially explosive
reagents;
vii. Never use contact lenses during lab classes;
viii. Do not wear jewelry and other accessories during lab classes;
ix. Gloves must be worn in experiments that require protection of the hands and prevention of
contamination of the nished product (surgical gloves - used when dealing with
microorganisms, biological uids, plant samples, and in preparation, formulation, and
compounding of pharmaceutical products; industrial gloves - when dealing with organic
solvents, corrosive, and toxic chemicals).
B. Observe Proper Conduct Inside the Laboratory
i. Strictly no eating, drinking, and smoking within the lab premises;
ii. No horse playing inside the lab;
iii. No unsupervised experiment shall be allowed;
iv. Switch o or put cellular phones in silent mode. Using of phones are not allowed inside the
lab, unless speci ed by the instructor;
v. Bag, books, and other unnecessary things must be placed on designated places. Only the
manual, sample, data sheet, toolbox, and pens must be in the working area;
vi. No boisterous/loud conversations during lab classes;
vii. Return chemicals and glassware to their proper place after use;
viii. Always handle chemicals with care. Alertness and presence of mind is necessary for every
experiment.
C. Observe Proper Hygiene and Safety Rules Inside the Laboratory
i. Use clean and dry glassware all the time;
ii. Never pick up shattered pieces of glasses by hand, call the attention of the laboratory
personnel;
iii. Know the location of the re extinguisher and the rst aid kit and how to use them;
iv. When asked to determine odor of a substance, DO NOT SNIFF, but gently waft the vapors
towards the nose;
v. Ensure cleanliness of the working area before, during, and after the lab period;
vi. Wash hands before, during, and after doing the experiments to avoid contamination;
vii. Always ADD CONCENTRATED ACID TO WATER;
viii. Use the appropriate spatula (steel or porcelain) for transferring solid reagents;
ix. Do not work near ame or hot plate when dealing with chemicals that are very volatile and
have low ash points such as: carbon disul de, chloroform, and diethyl ether;
x. Carry large bottles of chemicals with both hands, one hand gripping the neck and the other
supporting the bottom of the container;
xi. Never use unlabelled chemicals;
xii. Do not point test tubes at others or towards yourself while the contents are boiling because it
might splatter.
D. Observe Proper Storage and Safety Handling of Chemicals
i. Flammable reagents are never handled when there are open ames in the vicinity;
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 ii. Explosive reagents should never be handled with water. These should be stored in kerosene
or mineral oil (sodium or potassium metal and other group IA metals);
iii. Carbon disul de easily burns even at temperatures below 100 °C. Therefore, be extra careful
when the procedure states that a heating step is involved with such chemical.;
iv. Strong oxidizing agents should never meet organic materials since they can cause res;
v. Harmful and toxic reagents must be handled under the fume hood;
vi. Substances that stain the skin must be handled with gloves such as picric acid, methyl violet,
malachite green, and other dyestu s;
vii. Light – sensitive solutions must be stored in amber – colored bottles;
viii. Solutions of ferrous salts must be kept acidic to prevent air–oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric
state. The rate of oxidation increases as the pH of the solution increases;
ix. Ferrous and ferric solutions must be freshly prepared.
E. Observe Proper Disposal of Biological and Chemical Wastes
i. Solid wastes must be thrown at the waste bin and never to the sink or oor.
ii. Filter paper containing CuS precipitate should never be thrown directly into a waste
container. The precipitate should be rst washed with running water because the reaction of
CuS with air liberates considerable amount of heat and can pose a signi cant re hazard in
the laboratory.
F. Attend to Spills Immediately
i. Attend to spills immediately. Remove any spillages immediately using the correct procedures
stated in the label of the reagent bottle or book;
i. For spilled acids, neutralize rst with sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate prior to
cleaning;
ii. For spilled bases, neutralize rst with sodium bisul te;
iii. Neutral solvents can be absorbed with sand (preferred) or paper towels;
iv. If the spilled liquid is very volatile, clear the area, extinguish all lighted burners, and let the
liquid evaporate.
ii. Report to the instructor any incidence of dermal contact or inhalation of chemicals, speci c
rst aid measures for each chemical are written in Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS);
iii. If your laboratory gown, clothes, or head cap catches re, do not run around the premises in
panic. Unbutton and remove your lab gown.
G. Observe Proper Laboratory Techniques
i. Prevent contamination of reagents and solutions;
ii. Observe proper weighing procedure;
iii. Observe proper operating procedures when using the oven;
iv. Observe proper techniques in volume measurements;
v. Observe proper ltration techniques.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of the activity, the students must have:
1. demonstrated familiarity on the basic glassware and equipment in the laboratory; and
2. executed basic laboratory techniques relevant to the pharmacy practice.

MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

Computer with internet access
Pen and Paper
Coloring Materials (optional)
Reliable references
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 INSTRUCTION
1. Participate in the guided tour of the laboratory rooms. Raise your question when needed.
2. Draw all the basic glasswares, apparatus, and equipment, and if applicable, label them properly.
3. The lab instructor will guide you through the basic laboratory techniques. You will then be asked
to demonstrate your understanding of these techniques , and will be performing these on a return
demonstration. Only 1 laboratory technique will be required, and will be randomly chosen via
draw lots.

OUTPUT
Beaker Graduated cylinder Watch glass

Water bottle Test tubes Pipette

Erlenmeyer ask Volumetric Flask Conical funnel

Thermometer Oven Soxhlet Apparatus

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 Hot plate Florence ask Cassia ask

Burrette Crucible Tongs and forceps

Analytical balance pH meter Melting point apparatus

Viscometer Waterbath Microscope (compound)

Mortar and pestle Stirring rod Pycnometer

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 RUBRICS
Rubric for grading outputs:

Needs
Criteria Excellent (5) Good (3) Fair (2)
Improvement (1)
Demonstrates Demonstrates
Demonstrates good Demonstrates
comprehensive basic
understanding of the limited
Knowledge and understanding of the understanding
technique and its purpose. understanding of
Understanding technique and its purpose. of the technique
Explains rationale the technique and
Explains rationale clearly but lacks clarity
adequately. its purpose.
and accurately. in explanation.
Performs the
Performs the
Performs the technique Performs the technique technique with
technique with
with precision, accuracy, with competence and signi cant
some di culty.
Skills and Pro ciency and e ciency. Handles accuracy. Shows good di culty. Makes
May make
equipment and materials control of equipment and multiple errors
minor errors in
appropriately. materials. and/or lacks
procedure.
control.
Consistently demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates
excellent safety practices. Demonstrates good safety basic safety poor safety
Safety Awareness Anticipates potential practices. Follows safety awareness but awareness. Fails
hazards and takes guidelines correctly. may make to follow safety
appropriate precautions. minor errors. guidelines.
Explains the
Explains the procedure Explains the procedure
procedure with Unable to explain
clearly and concisely. Uses clearly but lacks some
Clarity and di culty. Uses the procedure or
appropriate terminology detail. Uses appropriate
Communication incorrect or uses incorrect
and provides relevant terminology most of the
unclear terminology.
details. time.
terminology.
Completes the
Completes the task within task with Unable to
Completes the task within
the allotted time, signi cant complete the task
Timeliness the allotted time with
demonstrating e ciency delays, within the
minor delays.
and organization. exceeding the allotted time.
allotted time.

Return Demonstration on Basic Laboratory Technique

CRITERIA (Excellent) 5 (Good) 3 (Fair) 2 (Needs Improvement) 1 RATIN

G
Pertinent Information presented 2-3 information is 4-5 information is More than 5 information
Information includes all information missing in the missing in the is missing in the
relevant to the equipment. presentation of the presentation of the presentation of the
equipment. equipment. equipment.

Drawing All of the parts are detailed More than one part is 2-3 parts is incorrectly More than 3 parts is
correctly. incorrectly presented. presented. incorrectly presented.
Work Quality/ Work done exceeds all The work was done Work was done with Work was done with
E ort expectations and shows that with good e ort that fair e ort, but the little e ort, quality is not
the student is proud of his/ shows what the quality is still not what what the student is
her work. The e ort that was learner is capable of. the student is capable capable of. It is evident
put into this task is the best it It is evident that time of. It is evident that the that the work was rushed
can be by the learner. was put into this task. work was rushed. and little time was spent
on the nal product.
Style The output has elements of The output has some The output has few The output has no
creativity and style. The elements of creativity elements of creativity elements of creativity and
information is presented in a and style. The and style. The style. The information is
clear and concise manner. information is information is presented in a clear and
presented in a clear presented in a clear concise manner.
and concise manner. and concise manner.
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Presentation The student presents the The student The information Not enough preparation
information clearly and presented the presented is not clearly was done for the
displays a complete information fairly and displayed throughout presentation of the
understanding. displays a reasonable the material. information, it therefore
understanding. lacks many elements of
what is expected.

Illustrative Learning

REFERENCES