Republic of the Philippines
WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY
Pagadian Campus
Bulatok, Pagadian City
Reporters: Topic:
1. Fegarido, Christine Airlesh A. Defining materials and materials
2. Imbing, Valerie O. development
3. Gumalad, Janice Y.
INTRODUCTION:
MATERIAL (S): Prof. Brian Tomlinson (2003) defines that:
The matters of substances from which something can be made
Tools or apparatus for the performance of a given task
Having a logical connection with a subject matter or the consequential events or the knowledge of which
would significantly affect a decision or course of action
MATERIALS (JAMES D. BROWN, 2007)
Any systematic description of the techniques and exercises to be used in classroom teaching
The key in developing sound materials is to ensure that they are described and organized well
enough so that teachers can use them with no confusion and with a minimum of preparation time
WHAT IS MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT?
Materials development is both a field of study and a practical undertaking.
As a field, it studies the principles and procedures of the design, implementation and evaluation of
language teaching materials (Tomlinson 2001 : 66)
Anything done by materials developers or teachers to facilitate the learning of the language
(teaching)
A conscious process which consists of the committing to memory of information relevant to what
is being learned (learning)
Anything which is done by writers, teachers or learners to provide sources of language input and
to exploit those sources in ways which maximize the likelihood of intake
The supplying of information about and/or experience of the language in ways designed to
promote language learning
Teaching materials are one of the most crucial components in most language programs since...
They generally serve as the basis for much of the language input learners receive
They provide what should be learnt and practiced in a 4 walled environment.
They may serve as a form of teaching training, particularly for the inexperienced teachers.
FORMS OF MATERIALS
PRINTED
Books
Workbooks
Teachers' books
Worksheets
Readers
NON-PRINT
Audio
Video
Computer-based
SELF ACCESS AND INTERNET
Google searching
THE ROLES OF MATERIALS ACCORDING TO CUNNINGSWORTH (1995)
A source for presentation (spoken or written)
A source of activities for learner practice and communicative interaction
A reference source for learners on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and so on.
A source of stimulation and ideas for classroom activities.
A source of syllabus.
A support for less experienced teachers who have not yet gained confidence in teaching.
AUTHENTIC VS ARTIFICIAL MATERIALS
AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
Any materials which are not designed for learning and teaching purposes
Magazines, newspaper, TV broadcasts, recorded real telephone conversation, photographs, and
the like
ARTIFICIAL MATERIALS
Any materials which are designed and intended for learning and teaching purposes
Textbooks, CDs for listening, and the like
USEFULNESS OF AUTHENTICITY
They have a positive effect on learner motivation.
They provide authentic cultural info about the TL.
The provide exposure to real language
They relate more closely to learners' needs
They support a more creative approach to teaching. (Philips & Shettlesworth, 1978; Clarke, 1989;
Peacock, 1997)
Help prepare learners for the 'real' world of communication
Guide learners towards the language they need for their particular context
Motivate learners to communicate, because they help make communication 'real'.
Authentic texts are quick and easy to find
CRITICS
Artificial (created) materials can also be motivating.
Authentic materials often contain difficult language.
Artificial materials may be superior to authentic material as they are generally built around a
graded syllabus.
Authentic materials preparation is time consuming.
Authentic materials are reading texts that were written by native speakers and published in
contexts designed specifically for native-speaker consumption, with no thought given to non-
native accessibility. The topics, language, syntax, structure, etc., are all pitched at a target
audience of native speakers and offered through media intended primarily for native speakers;
thus, they are mainly much more suitable for the highly advanced students only.
Authentic materials may contain culturally inappropriate content
Authentic reading texts are usually quite long, which usually leads to demotivation.
