Netaji Subhas University of Technology
Project report on:
STUDY OF HALL EFFECT
Submitted by (Group 4)
1.Anuj biswas- 2024UCA1949 6. Sanchay Agarwal-2024UCA1954
2. Aaryan issac -2024UCA1950 7. Sanket- 2024UCA1955
3.Anshika jain -2024UCA1951
4. Khushaal Kashyap -2024UCA1952
5. Sujal Chaudhary- 2024UCA1953
CONTENTS
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• CERTIFICATE
• DEFINATION
• THEORY
• SETUP
• PROCEDURE
• RESULT
• PRECAUTION
• APPLICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• We wish to take this as an opportunity to express our
sincere gratitude towards _______________, who
helped us and guided us towards right direction during
the making of our project.
CERTIFICATE
• This is to certify Anuj,Aaryan,Anshika,Khushaal,Sujal,Sanchay,Sanket of NSUT have
completed this project towards submission for Physics practical project report
• It is hereby certified that this is a bonified work and authentic work done by them
_____________________________________
DEFINATION
• The Hall effect is the production of a voltage
difference (the Hall voltage) across a current
carrying conductor (in presence of magnetic
field), perpendicular to both current and the
magnetic field.
THEORY
• When a current-carrying conductor is placed into a magnetic field, a
voltage will be generated perpendicular to both the current and the
field. When a perpendicular magnetic field is present. A Lorentz force
is exerted on the electron. Due to which Electron moves in
perpendicular direction to both current and magnetic field. And
develop the potential difference across the conductor or semi-
conductor
SETUP
• Power Supply
• Electromagnet
• Hall probes
• DHE-20
PROCEDURE
• In this part of experiment, we vary the current through the hall probe and
see its impact on the hall voltage keeping the probe in a constant magnetic
field.
• The current through the electromagnet was fixed to some value IA The hall
probe was placed in between two electromagnets(as mentioned earlier), the
current through it was varied and corresponding hall voltage was noted.
• The above procedure was repeated for two different probes and for three
values of magnetic field H for each of the two probes.
• The Hall voltage across the semiconductor(probe) was measured varying the
magnetic field around it, keeping the current through the probe constant.
• The appropriate connections in hall-setup consisting of a current supply and a
digital milli-voltmeter were made and the apparatus was switched on
• .The width wise contacts of the hall probe were connected to the terminal
marked voltage and length wise contacts to the terminal marked current.
• The hall probe was then placed away from the magnetic field and the hall voltage
was set close to zero by aligning the contact pins properly.
• Hall coefficient can be determined by 𝑅ℎ =𝑉ℎ b/IB where 𝑉ℎ is hall voltage
• The above steps were repeated for two different probes and for three values of
probe current I for each of the probes.
RESULT
• The hall voltage depends on the magnetic field and the current
flowing through the probe.
• The hall coefficient is independent of these two factors and
depends only upon the density of charge carriers
• A straight graph between hall voltage and current as well as hall
voltage and magnetic field confirms their linear relationship .
PRECAUTION
• The hall voltage should be measured correctly and very carefully.
• The distance between the pole pieces of electromagnet should
not be changed during the experiment.
• The current passing through the semiconductor slab should be
strictly within the permissible limits.
APPLICATION
• HALL PROBE in various sensors are generally used as magnetometers,i.e.to measure magnetic
fields, or inspect materials(such as tubing andpipelines) using the principle of magnetic flux
leakage.
• Hall effect sensors may be used in various sensors such as rotating speed sensors(bicycle
wheels,gears-teeth,automotive speedometers,electronicignition systems),fluid flow sensors,
current sensors and the pressure sensors
• .Power measurement: By seeing the current provided to a load using the device's applied voltage
as a sensor voltage it is possible to determine the power dissipated by the device.
• Positions and motion sensing: This application is used in brushless dc motors
• Industrial applications; industries now use hall effect Joysticks to control hydraulic valves.
• Spacecraft propulsion: A hall effect thruster(HET) is a relatively low power device that is used to
propel some spacecraft, after it gets into the orbitor father into the space
