PHARMACOLOGY:
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY:
Essays:
1. Bio transport (Absorption) of drugs & factors affecting it
2. Biotransformation (Metabolism) & factors affecting metabolism
3. Receptor Mediated Drug action
4. Define bioavailability. Mention factors affecting bioavailability and its clinical
consequences.
5. Describe factors modifying drug action with suitable examples
6. Enumerate various routes of drug administration with examples. Discuss advantages
and disadvantages of each route
7. Define fixed dose drug combination (FDC). Differentiate it from co-packaging with
an example. Explain the criteria that should be satisfied by a rational FDC.
Short notes:
1. Clinical significance of microsomal enzyme induction and inhibition
2. Significance of plasma protein binding
3. Plasma half-life and its significance
4. Zero order and First order kinetics of drug elimination
5. Adverse drug reactions- types with examples
6. Drug synergism with examples
7. Competitive and non-competitive antagonism
8. Drug development process & Phases of Clinical trials
9. Sources of drug
10. Enteric route
11. Parenteral route
12. Passive transport
13. Facilitated diffusion
14. Active transport
15. Host and drug factors affecting drug absorption
16. Plasma protein binding
17. Apparent volume of distribution
18. First pass effect
19. Teratogenicity
20. Plasma protein binding and its clinical importance
21. Drug synergism & antagonism with examples
22. Zero order kinetics
23. Micro dosing / Phase 0 trials
24. Loading dose and maintenance dose
25. Therapeutic drug monitoring. Explain with examples
26. Phase III clinical trials
27. Define Pharmacovigilance. Describe the basis and grading of causality assessment.
28. What is a clinical trial? Explain the drug development processes in different phases of
clinical trials
29. Differentiate generic name and proprietary name of a drug with an example. Why
generic name is generally preferred for prescribing? List the drugs whose brand
should not be changed to refill prescription. Justify with reasons.
30. Geriatric pharmacology and dose modulation
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:
Essays:
1. Anticholinesterases- Classification, MOA, therapeutic uses and adverse effects. Add a
note on Organophosphorus Poisoning and its management
2. Anticholinergics- MOA, Therapeutic uses and adverse effects. Atropine poisoning
and its management.
3. Classify sympathomimetics. Write the uses and adverse effects of adrenaline.
4. Beta blockers- Classification, MOA, therapeutic uses, adverse effects and
contraindications and uses of propranolol.
5. Discuss the steps in adrenergic neurotransmission from neurotransmitter synthesis to
receptor activation and drugs modulating it.
6. A 36 year old farmer was brought to casualty with history of suicidal attempt with
insecticide (OPC). At the time of hospitalization, he was restless and dyspnoeic with
profuse sweating. Bilateral pupils were constricted.
a. What is the pharmacological basis for OPC poisoning?
b. What will be the general management of this patient?
c. What will be the specific antidote and for how long it can be continued?
d. Explain about the concept of aging and its relevance in this case.
7. A 45 year old man presents with headache. Ophthalmological examination reveals
IOP of 30 mm Hg, optic disc cupping and visual field defects. He is diagnosed to have
chronic primary open angle glaucoma.
a. Illustrate diagrammatically the pathway of flow of aqueous humour.
b. What are the first line agents for this patient and which among these is the
drug of choice? Compare the mechanism of action, efficacy and adverse
effects of 1st line agents.
c. If this patient had acute angle closure glaucoma, explain the medical
management.
Short notes:
1. Physostigmine
2. Neostigmine
3. Oximes
4. Vasicoselective anticholinergics
5. Antiparkinsonian anticholinergics
6. Adrenaline and its therapeutic uses
7. Nasal decongestants
8. Alpha blockers- classification and their therapeutic uses
9. Propranolol- therapeutic uses & adverse effects
10. Drugs for glaucoma
11. Drugs used in open angle Glaucoma.
12. Atropine substitutes and their uses
13. A 70 years old male presented with complaints of weak stream of urine, sense of
incomplete voiding and increased urinary frequency. On physical examination and
ultrasound, he was diagnosed as having benign prostatic hypertrophy.
a. What are the preferred drugs for this patient?
b. What is the rational in using them?
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:
Short notes:
1. Succinylcholine- MOA, uses & adverse effects
2. Succinylcholine apnea
3. Baclofen
4. Dantrolene
5. Centrally acting muscle relaxants
6. Lignocaine- mechanism of action, adverse effects and dosage forms
7. Spinal anaesthesia- Drugs used and complications of spinal anaesthesia
8. Routes of administration of local anaesthetics
9. Difference between d-TC and succinylcholine
10. Therapeutic uses of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
11. Discuss the various techniques of local anaesthesia
12. Enumerate the sites of administration and uses of surface anaesthetics
AUTOCOIDS:
Essays:
1. NSAIDs
2. Antihistamines
3. Drugs for migraine
Short notes:
1. Classification – Antihistamine drugs, Migraine drugs, NSAIDS, Antirheumatoid drugs
& Drugs for Gout
2. Uses of Antihistamines
3. Selective 5-HT1D/1B agonists (Triptans) - MOA, Uses & Adverse effects
4. Ergot alkaloids - MOA, Uses & Adverse effects
5. Uses of Prostaglandin analogues
6. Aspirin – MOA, Uses, Adverse effects & Contraindications
7. Selective COX 2 inhibitors - MOA, Uses & Adverse effects
8. Paracetamol
9. Paracetamol poisoning and its management
10. DMARDs
11. Febuxostat - MOA, Uses & Adverse effects
12. Allopurinol - MOA, Uses & Adverse effects
13. Probenecid - MOA, Uses & Adverse effects
14. Colchicine - MOA, Uses & Adverse effects
15. Drugs for RA
16. 2nd generation antihistamins
RS:
Essays:
1. Drugs for bronchial asthma
Short notes:
1. Drugs used in cough
CNS:
Essays:
1. Antiparkinsonian drugs
2. Antipsychotics
3. Antidepressants
4. Sedative hypnotics
5. Antiepileptics
6. Opioids
Short notes:
1. Nitrous oxide and other inhalational anesthetics
2. Balanced anaesthesia
3. Preanaesthetic medications
4. Ketamine
5. Propofol
6. Benzodiazepines
7. Barbiturates
8. Difference between barbiturates and benzodiazepines
9. Levodopa
10. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
11. Tricyclic antidepressants
12. Atypical antipsychotics
13. Lithium
14. Phenytoin
15. Valproate
16. Levetiracetam
17. Newer antiepileptics
18. Management of status epilepticus
19. Morphine
20. Fentanyl
21. Naloxone
22. Methanol poisoning and its management
23. Drugs for Alzheimer’s disease
