6. Children's rights are guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

It includes:

● the right to life

● the right to a name

● the right to know your parents and be raised by them

● freedom of expression and free access to information

● freedom of thought and religion

● freedom of association and peaceful assembly

● the right to privacy

● the right to protection from violence, humiliation and exploitation

●the right to ensure protection and assistance provided by the state if the child is deprived of a family
environment

●mentally or physically disabled children have the right to live a full and orderly life

●the right to health protection and the use of medical facilities

●the right to social security benefits

●the right to life the level necessary for its development

● the right to education

● the right to use one's own language

● the right to rest and free time

● the right to protection from dangerous work

● the right to freedom of expression

The Convention declares the child's right to life and survival, personal development, protection
against violence, exploitation and the right to express his opinion in matters concerning his person.
The child has the right to live with both parents and maintain contact with them.
Moral values are defined as guidelines that assist a person in deciding between right and wrong. In
order to create honest, credible, and fair judgments and relationships in daily life, the awareness of
one’s morals - along with self-awareness - is crucial.

The development of moral values is a necessary process that should begin in childhood. Moral values
in children can set them on the right path, helping them form a pleasant personality combined with a
strong character. Besides the child's family, schools are critical in guiding, supporting, and holding their
hands as they navigate the landscape of moral values.

From an early age, it is important to inculcate good moral values and an upright moral compass in
every child or student, encouraging good behaviour, and knowing how to tell right from wrong is
something we owe to our children.

We believe that's the key to making the world and the society we live in a better place.

Here are the ten essential moral values that build character and instil positive behaviour in kids.

Respect

Respect is a vital moral value that children have to learn about early on: A young child must learn to
respect all people regardless of their age, religion, nationality, beliefs, or point of view. You can set an
example for your child by speaking respectfully towards others. Show your child you respect everyone
regardless of their age, race, religion, status, etc.

Another thing children must realize is that many people stomp on others to get ahead in life in our
extremely competitive and sometimes unforgiving society. That is precisely why every student must be
taught from a young age to respect every religion, race, culture, and lifestyle.
It is essential that children learn that their success in life should not be based on the failures of others.

Honesty

"Honesty's the best policy," children are taught in books. They must, however, practice it on a regular
basis in order to grasp its actual significance. Being true to one's parents, teachers, and others will help
a child develop honesty as a personality trait. Teach children that it's always preferable to acknowledge
their mistakes with honesty rather than lie to hide them.

One way is to demonstrate how they can start small by being honest with their teacher and classmates.

Dishonesty and cheating must be taught in schools as bad habits that'll lead to failure in the future.
Even if dishonesty is beneficial in the short term (e.g., cheating on a test), it would eventually catch up
with the student and result in bad long-term effects (e.g., being unable to pass an entrance exam for a
college class due to having cheated on tests in related subject matter).

Compassion

Compassion is defined as the feeling of love and concern for others. If parents taught compassion to
their children from an early age, there would be significantly less hunger, conflict, homelessness, and
unhappiness in the real world. It sounds idealistic, but we believe it to be true.

Hard Work

When you were a child, you've probably heard that "success was made up of 1% inspiration and 99%
perspiration." And it's true that hard effort plays a positive role in every student's life. Some students
desire to cut corners in their education and do not respect the role of hard work. This mindset must
shift, though.

Those who are truly successful in our society understand that what they receive out of something is
primarily determined by the amount of effort they put into it. Students will be far happier working
toward their goals as adults if we teach them to perceive hard work as an opportunity - rather than a
barrier.

Kindness

The significance of kindness - although undeniably great - is determined by how you express it. The
possibilities are endless, whether it's through empathy, acceptance, justice, pleasant gestures, or
thoughtfulness. Kindness can take the form of being helpful or displaying empathy. It could also imply
doing good without expecting good in return.

Gratitude

Gratitude is the willingness to express appreciation for what you have. And it all starts with happiness.
So, teach your child to be grateful for what they have in life to cultivate contentment and thankfulness.
Instil in them the importance of never taking anybody - or anything - for granted.

Sharing
Sharing is a form of caring. As a result, a child must understand the necessity of sharing with those who
are in need. Kids often learn by example, so you could begin by showing them that sharing should
come from a place of selflessness. Encourage the child to share toys with siblings and cousins, share
books with classmates, or donate food and clothing to less fortunate children.

Cooperation

Cooperation is the act of assisting others in the pursuit of a common objective. The first step toward
developing a spirit of cooperation is to collaborate at home. A family should practice collaboration by
doing domestic chores together and listening to one another's difficulties. Such gestures encourage a
child to think in terms of "us" rather than "me."

Healthy competition can encourage people to develop - but we must first and foremost cooperate in
order to be successful as a society.

Responsibility

Setting an example for your child is the greatest method to teach them responsibility. Washing your
dishes, keeping shoes in designated locations, spending time with family, and sticking to a routine are
just a few examples of responsible behaviours you can adopt at home. You can assist kids in learning
more effectively by giving them duties and rewarding them when they finish their chores.

Generosity

Generosity is critical in developing a nice and socially responsible person in your child. A generous
child will be willing to offer his or her time and assistance to others, regardless of the circumstances.

Teach the child to lend a helping hand to those in need - in and outside the classroom.

Shaping Moral Values

Moral values are the foundation of your kid's character. Help them become strong and undeterred
individuals by shaping their moral values, thoughts, and beliefs. The greatest approach to getting your
youngster on the right track is to start early. It's also important to remember that as a parent, you must
invest time and effort in your child's moral growth.

The first step towards ensuring your child's sense of right and wrong begins with selecting a school that
will, besides offering knowledge, inculcate good moral values from the student's young age.

6 Stages of Moral Reasoning

1. Preconventional Morality: Punishment-Avoidance and Obedience

Who: Preschool children, most elementary school students, some junior high school students, and a few
high school students.
What to Expect: Bases decisions on self-interests. Follows rules to not get caught and to avoid
punishment. Ensures that own needs are satisfied before helping others.
2. Preconventional Morality: Exchange of Favors
Who: Preschool children, most elementary school students, some junior high school students, and a few
high school students.
What to Expect: Embraces the motto "You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours." Determines right and
wrong based on how it affects themselves. Makes decisions based on how it pleases authority figures
such as teachers, parents, and popular peers.
3. Conventional Morality: Good Boy/Girl
Who: A few older elementary school students, some junior high school students, and many high school
students.
What to Expect: Considers other people's views and intentions when making decisions. Relationships
based on sharing, trust, and loyalty.
4. Conventional Morality: Law and Order
Who: A few older elementary school students, some junior high school students, and many high school
students.
What to Expect: Defines right and wrong based on society's expectations. Follows rules based on
obligation and duty. Perceives rules as inflexible. Recognizes that rules are needed for order, but does
not understand that rules can change.
5. Postconventional Morality: Social Contract
Who: Rarely seen before college.
What to Expect: Understands that rules are agreements between individuals about appropriate social
behavior. Recognizes that rules are not absolute. Knows that rules protect individual rights and provide
social order. Realizes that rules should be changed when they no longer serve society's needs.
6. Postconventional Morality: Universal Ethical Principle
Who: Rarely seen before college. Some adults never reach this stage.
What to Expect: An ideal, hypothetical stage reached by few. Promotes universal principles that surpass
norms and laws: equality for all people, respect for human dignity, and commitment to social justice.
Looks to inner conscience rather than established rules. Disregards laws that violate own ethical
principles.

What Is Morality?
Morality is the behavior and beliefs that a society deems acceptable
Morality refers to the set of standards that enable people to live cooperatively in groups. It’s what
societies determine to be “right” and “acceptable.”
Universal Morals
Some morals seem to transcend across the globe and across time, however. Researchers have
discovered that these seven morals seem somewhat universal:
▪ Be brave
▪ Be fair
▪ Defer to authority
▪ Help your group
▪ Love your family
▪ Return favors
▪ Respect
▪ others’ property
Examples of Morals
The following are common morality examples that you may have been taught growing up, and may
have even passed on to younger generations:
 Be polite
 Have empathy
 Don't steal
 Tell the truth
 Treat others as you want to be treated
People might adhere to these principles by:
 Being an upstanding citizen
 Doing volunteer work
 Donating money to charity
 Forgiving someone
 Not gossiping about others
 Offering their help to others

Morality and Laws

Both laws and morals are meant to regulate behavior in a community to allow people to live in
harmony. Both have firm foundations in the concept that everyone should have autonomy and show
respect to one another.
Legal thinkers interpret the relationship between laws and morality differently. Some argue that laws
and morality are independent. This means that laws can’t be disregarded simply because they’re
morally indefensible.5
Others believe law and morality are interdependent. These thinkers believe that laws that claim to
regulate behavioral expectations must be in harmony with moral norms. Therefore, all laws must secure
the welfare of the individual and be in place for the good of the community.
There may be times when some people argue that breaking the law is the “moral” thing to do. Stealing
food to feed a starving person, for example, might be illegal but it also might be considered the “right
thing” to do if it’s the only way to prevent someone from suffering or dying.
Xenophobia vs. Racism Meaning
Xenophobia is “fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or foreign.”
Racism has a slightly broader range of meanings, including “a belief that race is the
primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent
superiority of a particular race,” and “a political or social system founded on racism.” It should be
noted that the meanings of these two words are sufficiently different that a person (or thing, such as a
policy) may very easily be both racist and xenophobic.

Xenophobia and racism are closely related terms, and sometimes we use them interchangeably.
However, they mean different things and can manifest in different ways.

Xenophobia Meaning
Going back to the root of the word, we find that its direct meaning is the “Fear of strangers”. It can also
be interpreted as the fear of the “foreigner”. While it can be seen as fear, it manifests as hatred in some
cases. The “foreigner” will most likely be outcasted, discriminated against, deemed inferior, and
categorized as the “other.”

Types of Xenophobia
Xenophobia can be implicit or explicit, and there are two types of xenophobia; the xenophobia of
immigrants, and the xenophobia of culture.
1- Immigrant Xenophobia: is the dislike of fear of people who are, or who are perceived to be,
immigrants. Anti-immigration policies are a manifestation of this type of Xenophobia.
2- Cultural xenophobia: is dislike or hostility toward different cultures. Assuming that products, foods,
or movies from other cultures are inferior to one’s own is an example of this.

Differences Between Xenophobia and Racism

Xenophobia and racism are closely related terms, and sometimes we use them interchangeably.
However, they mean different things and can manifest in different ways.
Xenophobia specifically relates to a person or group having an “outsider” status within a society.
Racism relates explicitly to race or ethnicity, whether the person or group has “outsider” status or not.
These two forms of prejudice can occur separately or together.