2025

2025

01' 2573'069 ixLHdfõ jeäu fjfiis ixLHdxlh- (MSD) iy wvqu fjfiis ixLHdxlh - (LSD) ms<sfj,ska
l=ulao @
^1& 2 yd 6 fõ' ^2& 2 yd 3 fõ' ^3& 2 yd 9 fõ' ^4& 3 yd 6 fõ' ^5& 10 yd 2 fõ'
02' o;a; yd f;dr;=re iïnkaOfhka my; olajd we;s m%ldY i,lkak'
A- ixLHd wkq,laIK" iy rEm wdldrhg o;a; mej;sh yelsh'
B- w¾:j;aj ilik ,o o;a; f;dr;=re fõ'
C- o;a; ;SrK .ekSu i`oyd Rcqju fhdod.; yelsh'
D-m%udKd;aul o;a; iy .=Kd;aul o;a; f,i o;a; fldgia follg fnÈh yel'
fuu m%ldY w;ßka f;dr;=re jvd;a fyd`Èka úia;r lrkq ,nk ksjeros m%ldYh $ m%ldY
oelafjkafka l=uk ms<s;=frys o @
^1& A yd B muKs' ^2& A yd C muKs' ^3& B yd C muKs'
^4& A,B yd D muKs' ^5& A,B,C iy D ish,a,u'
03' mß.Kl mrïmrd wkqms<sfj, wkqj Ndú; l< ;dlaIKsl Wml%u ms<sfj,ska olajd we;af;a"
^1& ßla; k<" wkql,s; mßm:" g%dkaisiag¾" úYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm:" w;súYd, m%udKfha wkql,s;
mßm:
^2& ßla; k<" g%dkaisiag¾" wkql,s; mßm:" úYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm:" w;súYd, m%udKfha wkql,s;
mßm:
^3& wkql,s; mßm:" úYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm:" w;súYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm:" ßla; k<" g%dkaisiag¾
^4& úYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm:" w;súYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm:" ßla; k<" g%dkaisiag¾" wkql,s;
mßm:
^5& g%dkaisiag¾" wkql,s; mßm:" úYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm:" w;súYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm:" ßla; k<

A/L ICT 1|Page DAMINDA BANDARA

04' ;=kajk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Third Generation Computers) Ndú;h wdrïN ùu;a iu`. bj;a lsÍug
isÿjQfha my; i`oyka ljr ;dlaIKsl Wml%uh o@
^1& ßla; k<- (Vacuum tube) ^2& g%dkaisiag¾-(Transistor)
^3& wkql,s; mßm:-(Integrated circuit) ^4& laIqø ilik- (Micro processor)
^5& laIqø Ñm- (Micro chips)
05' 4710 g ;=,H jk oaúuh ixLHdj
^1& 1101112 fõ ^2& 1110112 fõ ^3& 1100112 fõ ^4& 1011112 fõ ^5& 1101012 fõ
06' 1011012 ¬ 110112 .Kkh l, úg ,efnk ksjerÈ ms<s;=r l=ulao @
^1& 10010002 ^2& 10110002 ^3& 10011002 ^4& 11011102 ^5& 10101002
07' FB16 hk ixLHdj" wIaguh ixLHdjla njg mßj¾;kh l< úg ,efnk ms<s;=r"
^1& 3778 fõ ^2& 3758 fõ ^3& 3738 fõ ^4& 5738 fõ ^5& 5378 fõ
08' 2168 ¬ 5A216 }
^1& 1658 fõ ^2& 30348 fõ ^3& 165816 fõ ^4& 3120 fõ ^5& 16578 fõ
09' my; oelafjk u;l j¾. i,lkak'
A. mGk ud;% u;lh-(Read Only Memory) B. oaú;Shsl wdphkh -(Secondary Stor age)
C. frðia;r u;lh-(Register Memory) D. iefk<s u;lh-(Flash Memory)
E. iiïNdù u;lh- (Random Access Memory)
fuu u;l j¾. w;ßka kIH u;l (Volatile Memory) hq.,la fmkajd we;af;a l=uk ms<s;=frys o@
^1& A,B ^2& A,C ^3& A,D ^4& C,E ^5& D,E
10' -16 ìgq 8 ys 1 ys wkqmQrlfhka (1S compliment) ksrEmKh l, úg ,efnk ms<s;=r l=ulao @
^1& 00010000 ^2& 01011001 ^3& 11101111 ^4& 00010011 ^5& 10101010
11' j,x.= fkdjk BCD w.hla jkafka l=ulao @
^1& 1001 1000 ^2& 0101 1001 ^3& 1100 1000 ^4& 1000 1010 ^5& 0011 0111
12' ixLHdjla 2 ys wkqmQrlfhka (2S compliment) ksrEmKh l, úg w.h 01010101 fõ' tys oYuh w.h
l=ulao@
^1& -170 ^2& -171 ^3& 85 ^4& 170 ^5& -85
13' ASCII fla; l%uh wkqj tla wkq ,laIKhla ksrEmKh i`oyd wjYH ìgq .Kk jkafka"
^1& 4 ls' ^2& 12 ls' ^3& 8 ls' ^4& 16 ls' ^5& 7 ls'
14' m%:u iajhxl%Sh mß.Klh f,i ie,flk Mark-1 mß.Klh ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa lõreka
úiskao@
^1& pd,aia nefíÊ ^2& f.dâ*arâ ,síksia ^3& fydajâ thslka
^4& fcdaka fudj,s ^5& íf,aia meial,a

A/L ICT 2|Page DAMINDA BANDARA

15' my; m%ldY i,lkak'
A ñ, wêlu mß.Kl u;lh fõ' B m%fõY fõ.h by,u u;lh fõ'
C l=vdu Odß;djhla we;s u;lh fõ'
by; ,laIK u.ska lshfjkafka my; i`oyka l=uk u;lh ms<sn`ojo@
^1& frðia;r u;lh ^2& iiïNdù msúiqï u;lh ^3& jdrl u;lh
^4& iefk<s u;lh ^5& mGk ud;% u;lh
16' my; m%ldY i,lkak'
A. jevigyka fyda l%shdj,s lsysmhla iu.dój l%shdlrhs'
B. ixlS¾K .eg¿jla úi`§u i`oyd tlsfkl iïnkaO jQ úYd, mß.Kl ixLHdjl jHdma;shls'
C. úYd, .eg¿jla l=vd tall j,g fnod tu l=vd .eg¿ tljr úi`§u lrhs'
by; m%ldY ms<sn`oj my; § we;s ms<s;=re j,ska l=ula ksjerÈo @
^1& A cd,l mß.Klhl ,laIKhls' ^2& A yd C iudka;r mß.Klhl ,laIK fõ'
^3& C iudka;r mß.Klhl ,laIKhls' ^4& A yd B cd,l mß.Klhl ,laIK fõ'
^5& B iudka;r mß.Klhl ,laIKhls'
17' ;dlaIKh ie,ls,a,g f.k ksjerÈj mß.Kl j¾.slrKh lr we;af;a"
^1& uyd mß.Kl" uOH mß.Kl" laIqø mß.Kl f,ih'
^2& m%;siu mß.Kl" wxls; mß.Kl f,ih'
^3& fïi mß.Kl" Wl=,a mß.Kl" w;a, mß.Kl f,ih'
^4& fiajdodhl mß.Kl" fiajd,dNS mß.Kl f,ih'
^5& iqúfYaIs ld¾h mß.Kl" fmdÿ ld¾h mß.Kl f,ih'
18' my; m%ldY i,lkak'
A. PROM ysia Ñmhla f,i ñ, § .; yels w;r úfYaI fuj,ula u.ska fla; wvx.= l< yel'
B. EPROM ys o;a; uld oeófï § ish¨u o;a; uelS hdu wjdishls'
C. iïmQ¾K Ñmh uld fkdoud wjYH fldgi muKla uld oeóug yelsùu EEPROM ys jdishls'
by; m%ldY j,ska i;H jkafka"
^1& A muKs ^2& B muKs ^3& C muKs ^4& A yd B muKs ^5& A,B yd C ksjerÈhs
19' .vnd l< l%uf,aL fhdod.;a uq,au wxls; mß.Klh f,i ie,flkafka l=ulao@
^1& ENIAC ^2& EDVAC ^3& MARK 1
^4& PASCALINE ^5& ANALYTIC ENGINE
20' .=jka úÿ,s ;rx. Ndú; jk mß.Klhl ffjoH wkqrElrK moaO;shla jkafka"
^1& CAT scanner fõ' ^2& MRI scanner fõ' ^3& CT scanner fõ'

A/L ICT 3|Page DAMINDA BANDARA

 ^4& X-ray hka;%h fõ' ^5& ECG hka;%h fõ'
21' l%uf,aL l%shd;aul ùfï § Ndú; jk fijqï bIaG pl%hg (fetch execute cycle) wod< my; mshjrhka
wkqms<sfj,ska olajd we;s ms<s;=r l=ulao @
A- m%Odk u;lfhka B<`. Wmfoia wdyrKh lsÍu' (Fetch next instruction)
B- Wmfoia wdfla;kh lsÍu' (Encode the instruction)
C-Wmfoia úfla;kh lsÍu' (Decode the instruction)
D-Wmfoia l%shd;aul lsÍu' (Execute the instruction)
^1& A,B yd C ^2& A, B yd D ^3& A, C yd D ^4& B, C yd D ^5& A,B,C yd D
22' uqøs; lvodishla u; we;s wl=re ixialrK l, yels ;;ajhg mß.Klhg we;=<;a lr .ekSug
fhdod.; yels Wml%uh jkqfha
^1& m%ldY wkq,laIK lshjkh ^2& m%ldY i,l=Kq lshjkh
^3& pqïnl ;Ska; wkq,laIK lshjkh ^4& ;Sre fla; lshjkh
^5& ixjD; mßm: rEmjdysksh
23' A. mqoa., mß.Kl ;=< uDÿldx. ia:dmkh fkdlr fiajdodhl mß.Klfha ia:dms; lr we;s
uDÿldx. Ndú; l< yels ùu'
B.ld¾hlaIu;djh by< ùu'
C. mßyrKh wkqj f.ùï lsÍfï yelshdjla fkdmj;S'
D. uDÿldx. ks¾udKh lsÍu i`oyd wjYH mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍu'
j,dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh iïnkaOfhka § we;s by; m%ldY j,ska i;H jkafka ljrlao @
^1& A muKs ^2& A yd B muKs ^3& A, B yd C muKs
^4& A,B yd D muKs ^5& A,B,C yd D ish,a,u
24' w;ahqre o;a; wdodk l%u yd iajhxl%Sh o;a; wdodk l%u Ndú;fhka o;a; wdodkh lsÍu ms<sn`oj my;
m%ldY weiqfrka wi;H m%ldYh f;darkak'
^1& ksjerÈ;dj Wmßu whqßka mj;ajd .ekSug we;s yelshdj'
^2& blaukska o;a; wdodkh lsÍfï yelshdj'
^3& msßjeh wvq lr .ekSug we;s yelshdj'
^4& o;a; i;Hdmkh i`oyd fhduqùfï wjYH;dj b;d wju ùu'
^5& iajhxl%sh o;a; wdodk l%u u`.ska wdodkh lrk iEu o;a;hlau i;Hdmkhg ,laùu wksjd¾h ùu'
25' fufyhqï moaO;s uDÿldx. iïnkaOj my; m%ldY ie,ls,a,g .kak'
A. moaO;s uDÿldx. u`.ska mß.Kl hka;%fha oDVdx." uDÿldx. yd mrsYS,lhka w;r iïnkaëlrKh
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'
B. fndfyda wjia:d j,§ tla mß.Klhl tla fufyhqï moaO;s muKla Ndú; lrkq ,efí'
C. moaO;s uDÿldx.hla fkdue;sj mß.Klh l%shd;aul lsÍfï yelshdjla fkdue;'
by; m%ldY w;=ßka i;H m%ldYh $ m%ldY jkqfha

A/L ICT 4|Page DAMINDA BANDARA

 ^1& A muKs ^2& B muKs ^3& C muKs
^4& A yd BmuKs ^5& m%ldY ish,a, ksjerÈh
26' ä fuda¾.ka kHdh Ndú; lr F(X,Y) = (X' . Y' )'. (X + Y)' nQ,Sh m%ldYkh iq¿ l< úg ,efnk m%;sM,h
l=ulao@
^1& 0 ^2& 1 ^3& X ^4& Y ^5& X,Y
27' (ABC) + (ABC)| nQ,shka m%ldYkfha ir, lrk ,o ms<s;=r jkqfha"
^1& 0 ^2& 1 ^3& A ^4& BC ^5& ABC
28' my; rEmfha oelafjk ;d¾lsl mßm:fha m%;sodkh u`.ska fmkajkafka lskï ;d¾lsl oajdrhla u`.ska
,efnk m%;sM,hlao @
^1& XOR
^2& XNOR
^3& AND
^4& NAND
^5& NOR
29' wdodk 2 la iys; XNOR oajdrhla i`oyd A yd B kï jQ ixLHdxl ;rx. wdodk f,i ,ndÿka úg"
m%;sodkh f,i ,eìh yels ksjerÈ ixLHdxl ;rx. wdlD;sh l=ulao @

wdodk ;rx.

m%;sodk ;rx. wdlD;s

^1& OUTPUT A ^2& OUTPUT B ^3& OUTPUT C

^4& OUTPUT D ^5& by; lsisjla fkdfõ
30' nQ,shka kS;shg wkqj ( A + 1 =
^1& 1 fõ ^2& A fõ ^3& 0 fõ ^4& A' fõ ^5& A.A fõ
31' x(x ' + y) + Y g iudk m%ldYhla f;darkak'
^1& x.x' + y. (1 +x) ^2& 0 + x. u + y ^3& x. y ^4& y ^5& x.
32' f.j;af;a we;s frdai u,l Pdhd rEmhla wxls; leurdjlska PdhdrEm .;lr wdodkh lsÍu
y`ÿkajkafka"
^1& ldKav wdodkh f,ih ^2& Rcq wdodkh f,ih ^3& ÿria: wdodkh f,ih

A/L ICT 5|Page DAMINDA BANDARA

 ^4& ud¾..; wdodkh f,ih ^5& ud¾..; fkdjk wdodkh f,ih
33' 345'568 ;=,H oaúuh w.h jkqfha"
^1& 10001001'1010012 ^2& 11001001'1010012 ^3& 110001001'1010012
^4& 1100010001'0010012 ^5& 11100101'101112
34' OR oajdrhg ;=,H jk ;d¾lsl oajdr mßm:h l=ulao@

35' iaÓrdx. (Firmware) ms<sn`oj my; oelafjk j.ka;s i,lkak'

A. mß.Klhla l%shdlrùu wdrïN lsÍu i`oyd wjYH l%uf,aLh iaÓrdx.hla fõ'
B. frÈ fidaok hka;% j, iaÒrdx. we;=<;ah'
C. iaÒrdx. miq lf,l § myiqfjka fjkia l< yelsfõ'
^1& A muKs ^2& B muKs ^3& A yd B muKs
^4& A yd C muKs ^5& B yd C muKs
36' mß.Klhg o;a; fyda Wmfoia we;=¿ lsÍu wdodkhhs' (Input) wdodkh iïnkaOfhka idjoH m%ldYh
jkqfha"
^1& mß.Klhg o;a; we;=¿ lsÍu i`oyd fhdod.kakd Wmdx. wdodk Wmdx. kï fõ'
^2& wdodkh lrkq ,nk o;a; tys u;lfha .nvd l< l%uf,aLkhla hgf;a ilid w¾:j;a Wmfoia
njg m;aflf¾'
^3& mß.Klhg wdodkh l< o;a; ieliSfuka miq f;dr;=re f,i m%;sodkh lrhs'
^4& o;a; iy Wmfoia mß.Klhg we;=¿ lsÍug wdldr folls' tkï w;ahqre l%uh yd iajhxl%sh l%uhhs'
^5& h;=re mqjrej" uQislh" iqmÍlaIlh hkq wdodk Wmdx. fõ'
37' f;dr;=re ms<sn`o iaj¾Kuh kHdh (The Golden rule of Information) iïnkaOfhka wi;H j.ka;sh
l=ulao@
^1& f;dr;=re ks¾udKh lrk fudfydf;au fyda tajd ,efnk fudfydf;au tajdg jeä jákdlula we;'
^2& ld,h Y=kHhg wdikak jk fudfydf;a f;dr;=re j, jákdlu Wmßu fõ'
^3& f;dr;=re j, jákdlu ;SrKh jkqfha tajdfha ld,Sk nj u;hs'
^4& ld,h .; ùu;a iu`.u tajdfha jákdlu wvq ù wjidkfha § tajd o;a; njg kej; m;afõ'

A/L ICT 6|Page DAMINDA BANDARA

 ^5& f;dr;=re j, jákdlug tosßj ld,h m%ia;drhlska ksrEmKh l< yelsh'

38' my; m%ldYfha ysia;eka msrùug ms<sfj,ska jvd;a iqÿiq ms<s;=r jkafka my; oelafjk ljr mo
hq.,ho@
zz ùäfhda iïuka;%K meje;aùu(Video conferencing) hkak" úúO ia:dk j, isák fofofkl= fyda
lsysm fofkl= w;r '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' yryd isÿjk''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''idlÉPdjla f,i jvd;a fyd`Èka
úia;r flf¾'ZZ
^1& rEmjdyskshla" ùäfhda ^2& ÿrl:khla" Y%jH ^3& cd,hla" Y%jH
^4& rEmjdyskshla" Y%jH oDYH ^5& cd,hla" Y%jH oDYH
39' mß.Klhla n,.ekaùfï l%shdj,sh (booting process) úia;r lsÍu i`oyd jvd;a iqÿiq j.ka;sh
jkqfha"
^1& m%Odk u;lfha isg jHjydßl o;a; jdrl u;lh fj; msgm;a lsÍfï l%shdj,shhs'
^2& oDV äialfha isg jHjydßl o;a; m%Odk u;lhg m%fõYkh lsÍfï (Loading) l%shdj,shhs'
^3& jdrl u;lfha isg fufyhqï moaO;sh m%Odk u;;h fj; m%fõYkhhs'
^4& oDV äialh" ixhqla; äialh fyda kuH ;eáh jeks oaú;Shsl wdphk Wml%uhlska fufyhqqï
moaO;sh m%Odk ul;h fj; m%fõYkh lsÍfï (Loading) l%shdj,shhs'
^5& oDV äialfha isg jHjydßl o;a; jdrl u;lh fj; m%fõYkh lsÍfï (Loading) l%shdj,shhs'

40' X Y Z hk nQ,Sh m%ldYkhlg iudk jkafka"

^1& X'YZ + XY'Z + XYZ' ^2& XY'Z + X'YZ' + X'Y'Z ^3& X'YZ + XY'Z + XY'Z + XYZ
^4& XY'Z' + X'Y'Z' + X'Y'Z + XYZ ^5& XY' + X'Y + XZ' + X'Z + YZ + Y'Z
41' jdKsc uÜgñka ksmo jQ f,dj m%:u úoHq;a ixLHdxl mß.Klh (UNIVAC- Universal Automatic
Computer) ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa"
^1& íf,aia meial,a (Blaise Pascal) ^2& pd¾,aia nefíÊ (Charles Babbage)
^3& fcdaka fm%iam¾ tl¾Ü (John Presper Eckert) ^4& fcdaka fjka kshqudka (Von Neumann)
^5& fcdaka' ù' wgkafid*aÜ (John V. Atanasoft)
42' 510 iy -910 ys ìgq wglska iukaú; (8 bit) foflys wkqmQrl wdldr ms<sfj,ska" oelafjk ms<s;=r
f;darkak'
^1& 00000101 iy 11110111 ^2& 11111011 iy 11110111 ^3& 00000101 iy 10001001
^4& 00000101 iy 11110110 ^5& 11111011 iy 11110110
43' my; j.ka;sfha ysia;ek msrùu i`oyd jvd;au fhda.H ms<s;=r l=ulao@
ksys; u;lh (cache memory) idudkHfhka Ndú; lrkq ,nkafka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''.nvd lsÍugh'
^1& úYd, o;a; mßudjla ;djld,slj
^2& wju ksrka;rfhka (least frequently) m%fõY lrkq ,nk o;a; iaÓrj
^3& wju ksrka;rfhka (least frequently) m%fõY lrkq ,nk o;a; ldjld,slj
^4& jeäu ksrka;rfhka (most frequently) m%fõY lrkq ,nk o;a; ldjld,sj

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 ^5& jeäu ksrka;rfhka (most frequently) m%fõY lrkq ,nk o;a; iaÓrj
44' laIqø ilik idudkHfhka ii`okq ,nkafka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' j,ska ukskq ,nk >áld fõ.fhka
(clock speed) fyda tal >áld pl%hl § (signal clock cycle) ilid .; yels mofha m%udKh (word
size) ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' u.sks' fuu m%ldYfha ysia;eka msrùu i`oyd jvd;au fhda.H ms<s;=r l=ulao @
^1& ìgq" fu.d y¾Üia ^2& nhsg" .s.d y¾Üia ^3& .s.d y¾Üia" nhsg
^4& fu.d y¾Üia" ìgq ^5& ;;amr' ìgq
45' fuu m%ldYfha ysia;eka msrùu i`oyd my; oelafjk ljrla iqÿiq fõo @
zz ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ys we;s o;a; lshùug f,ai¾ ;dlaIKh Ndú; lrhs'ZZ
^1& kuH ;eáh (Floppy Disk) ^2& pqïnls; máh (Magnetic Tape)
^3& ixhqla; ;eáh (Compact Disk) ^4& pqïnls; oDV ;eáh (Magnetic Hard Disk)
^5& iefk,s u;lh (Flash Memory)
46' ìgq (bits) 10'256 l m%udKhl úoHq;a iu¾mkhla (presentation) wdphkh lsÍu (store) i`oyd Ndú;
l< yels iqpkSh iefk,s Odjlfha (portable flash drive) wju Odß;djh
^1& 1 KB ^2& 1MB ^3& 1 GB ^4& b bits ^5& 256 bytes
47' my; oelafjk ldfkda is;shfuys (Karnaugh map) oelafjk w.hka j,g wod, jvd;au iqÿiq iqM
lrk ,o m%ldYkh l=ulao @
AB 01
00 11 10
CD 1 1 1 1
00

1 1 1 1
01

1 0 0 0
11

1 1 1 1
10

^1& A' + AB' + C' D' ^2& A' + B' + AD'C' ^3& C' + A'B' + D'
^4& C + D'+ A'B' ^5& B'C + B'C' + A'C + C'D'
48' rEmfha olajd we;s ;d¾lsl mßm:fha F m%;sodkh 1 ùug kï" A yd B wdodk iïnkaOfhka i;H
jkafka"
^1& A= 1 ùu m%udKj;a fõ'
^2& A = 1 yd B = 1 úh hq;=h'
^3& A = 0 yd B = 1 úh hq;=h'
^4& A = 0 fyda B = 0 úh hq;=h'
^5& B = 0 úh hq;=h'

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49' my; i;H;d j.=fõ m%;sodkhg wod, ;d¾lsl m%ldYkh jkafka"

A B Output
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

^1& A + B h' ^2& A.B h' ^3& (A + B)'h' ^4& A Bh' ^5& (A B)'h'
50' Wmfhda.s;d uDÿldx. (Utility Software) iïnkaOfhka i;H m%ldYh jkafka"
^1& fuu uDÿldx. fhÿï uDÿldx. iu`. mß.Klhg ia:dms; fõ'
^2& fïjd fufyhqï moaO;sh;a iu.u mß.Klhg ia:dms; fõ'
^3& ;eá úNd.SlrKh (Disk Defragmentation) u`.ska oDV ;eáfha we;s f.dkq iaÓrj ;ekam;a lsÍu isÿ lrhs'
^4& mß.Kl jevigyka ks¾udKh lsÍfï § w;HjYH fõ'
^5& Wmfhda.s;d udÿldx. ia:dms; lsÍfuka mß.Klfha l%shdldß;ajh ukao.dó fõ'

A/L ICT 9|Page DAMINDA BANDARA