STI WEST NEGROS UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (TOUR 1009)

1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF IGOROT IN BAGUIO CITY

They are a group of wet-rice agriculturalists occupying the mountains in the area
of northern Luzon, Philippines. Baguio is best known as a gateway to rice terraces built
by the Ifugao Tribe more than thousand years ago. The term basically came from the
word "i-pugao" which means inhabitants of the known earth for a long time, the true
locals of the town are actually the Igorots. They can be seen anywhere in Mountain
View part of Baguio City. The tribe is famous for their unique and traditional dress made
with a vivid fabrics and colourful headdresses. The Igorot are the indigenous peoples of
the Cordillera region in the northern Philippines, known for their rich cultural heritage
and deep connection to the land. Baguio City, situated in this region, serves as a vibrant
cultural hub where Igorot traditions are prominently featured.
The Igorot communities are recognized for their unique practices, including
traditional farming techniques and the famous rice terraces. Baguio, often referred to as
the "Summer Capital of the Philippines," attracts tourists seeking its cooler climate and
beautiful landscapes. The city hosts the Panagbenga Festival, a colourful celebration
that highlights Igorot culture through street dancing and floral floats. This festival is a
testament to the resilience and creativity of the Igorot people.
The Igorot are skilled craftsmen, known for their weaving, woodcarving, and
metalwork, which are showcased in local markets. Baguio’s architecture also reflects
Igorot influences, with traditional houses and structures that honour their ancestral
designs. Community gatherings and rituals are an essential part of Igorot life, fostering
unity and cultural preservation. In Baguio, visitors can explore the rich history of the
Igorot through museums and cultural exhibits. The city serves as a melting pot, blending
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COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (TOUR 1009)

Igorot customs with urban life. Festivals like Panagbenga draw in locals and tourists
alike, promoting cultural awareness and appreciation.
The Igorot people's resilience is evident in their ability to adapt while maintaining
their traditions. They play a vital role in the community, contributing to Baguio's diverse
cultural landscape. The interplay of Igorot heritage and Baguio's urban development
creates a unique identity for the city. As Baguio continues to grow, the influence of the
Igorot remains strong, reminding everyone of the region's rich history. Visitors to Baguio
can experience this vibrant culture first hand, ensuring that the Igorot legacy endures.
Through festivals, crafts, and daily life, the Igorot people enrich the cultural fabric of
Baguio City.

I. CATEGORIZATION/CULTURAL TRAITS

Cultural elements common to the Igorot peoples as a whole include

metalworking in iron and brass, weaving, and animal sacrifice. They believe in spirits,
including those of ancestors, and have complex rituals to propitiate them. The Igorot
people, indigenous to the Cordillera region of the Philippines, are made up of several
distinct ethnolinguistic groups, including the Kankana-ey, Bontoc, Ifugao, Ibaloi, and
Kalinga. Each group possesses its own dialect, customs, and traditions, contributing to
the diverse cultural landscape of the region. Primarily residing in the mountainous
areas of the Cordillera, the Igorot have made Baguio City a cultural hub, where their
traditions and modern influences intersect. Traditional clothing varies significantly
among the different groups, often showcasing vibrant, handwoven fabrics adorned with
intricate patterns. These garments, which are worn during festivals and special
occasions, symbolize cultural pride and identity.
The Igorot people are particularly renowned for their rice terraces, a
testament to their agricultural ingenuity and sustainable farming practices. These
terraces, carved into the mountainsides, not only serve as vital agricultural land but
also stand as a UNESCO World Heritage site, attracting visitors and scholars alike.
Rituals and festivals are central to Igorot life, with events like the Panagbenga Festival
in Baguio celebrating the blooming of flowers and showcasing local culture through
vibrant parades and traditional dances. Such festivals reinforce community bonds and
highlight the importance of nature and agriculture in Igorot society. Socially, the Igorot
are traditionally organized into clans or tribes, which foster strong kinship ties and
collective governance. Leadership structures often involve elders who play crucial roles
in decision-making and conflict resolution within the community.
The spiritual beliefs of the Igorot reflect a rich tapestry of animism
intertwined with Christianity. Ancestor worship, rituals, and offerings to spirits are
 STI WEST NEGROS UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (TOUR 1009)

common practices, emphasizing respect for both the environment and ancestral
lineage. These beliefs are often manifested in ceremonies marking important life
events, such as births, marriages, and deaths. The artistic expressions of the Igorot are
evident in their crafts, which include intricate weaving, wood carving, and metalwork.
These skills are often passed down through generations and are integral to their
cultural identity. The Igorot's craftsmanship is not only functional but also deeply
symbolic, reflecting their values, beliefs, and connection to their heritage. Overall, the
Igorot people exemplify a rich cultural heritage that combines tradition and innovation,
deeply rooted in their history and the natural environment of the Cordillera region.
II. POSSIBLE LIVELIHOODS

Agriculture remains a cornerstone for many, as they cultivate vegetables,

fruits, and herbs using traditional terraced farming techniques, which are well-suited to
the mountainous terrain. This not only provides food for their families but also supplies
local markets and restaurants, fostering a strong sense of community and sustainability.
The use of organic farming methods is common, which not only benefits the health of
the land but also enhances the quality of produce. Additionally, seasonal festivals often
celebrate the harvest, reinforcing community bonds and traditional practices.
 STI WEST NEGROS UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (TOUR 1009)

Handicrafts play a significant role in their economy. Many Igorots create

beautifully woven textiles, intricate baskets, and unique wood carvings, which are often
sold at local markets or to tourists, showcasing their artistic skills and cultural heritage,
while also preserving age-old techniques passed down through generations. These
crafts often reflect the natural surroundings and cultural symbols, making each piece
unique and meaningful. The demand for these items supports local artisans and helps
keep traditional crafts alive.

The tourism sector is another major livelihood. With Baguio being a popular destination
for visitors, many Igorots work in hospitality roles, such as hotel staff, tour guides, or
cultural performers. They share their rich traditions through storytelling, dance, and
music, enhancing the tourist experience while preserving their cultural identity.
Engaging with tourists not only provides income but also fosters mutual understanding
and respect for Igorot culture.

In addition to tourism, some Igorots operate small businesses, including

retail shops, food stalls, and restaurants. These establishments often feature traditional
Igorot cuisine, providing a taste of their heritage to both locals and tourists alike. Many
of these businesses emphasize local ingredients, further supporting the agricultural
sector and promoting sustainability.
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COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (TOUR 1009)

Construction and manual labour also provide employment opportunities. Many Igorots
are skilled in various trades, contributing to the city's development and infrastructure
projects. Their expertise is often sought after, and they take pride in helping to shape
the urban landscape of Baguio while maintaining their cultural roots.

Furthermore, there is a growing emphasis on education and cultural

preservation. Some Igorots are actively involved in initiatives aimed at teaching younger
generations about their history, language, and customs, ensuring that their rich cultural
legacy endures. Workshops, cultural exchanges, and community events play vital roles
in this preservation effort. By instilling a sense of pride in their heritage, the Igorot
people help ensure that their traditions continue to thrive for future generations.

Overall, these diverse livelihoods reflect the resilience and adaptability

of the Igorot people in Baguio, allowing them to thrive while maintaining a connection to
their roots. Their ability to blend tradition with modernity creates a vibrant cultural
tapestry that enriches the community.

III. STATE OF TOURISM

The Igorot community in Baguio City significantly contributes to local

tourism by showcasing a rich cultural heritage. Key attractions include Burnham Park,
which hosts local festivals celebrating Igorot culture, and Tam-awan Village, a
reconstructed traditional village that highlights indigenous arts and crafts. Cultural
festivals like the Panagbenga Festival feature Igorot dances and traditional attire,
drawing many tourists. Additionally, local markets offer indigenous products and food,
promoting sustainable tourism. Efforts to preserve and promote Igorot culture are vital,
making it an integral part of Baguio's identity. Through these initiatives, the Igorot
community not only enhances the tourist experience but also fosters a greater
appreciation for their traditions among visitors and locals alike.

IV. SUGGESTIONS/PROPPOSALS

To further enhance the visibility and appreciation of Igorot culture in

Baguio, a dedicated cultural centre could be established. This centre would serve as a
hub for showcasing traditional crafts, performances, and educational workshops.
Regular exhibitions featuring Igorot history, art, and agricultural practices could attract
both locals and tourists. Collaborating with local schools to create educational programs
would help instill a deeper understanding of Igorot heritage among younger generations.
 STI WEST NEGROS UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (TOUR 1009)

Additionally, offering guided tours led by Igorot community members can

provide authentic insights into their traditions and daily lives. Seasonal festivals could be
organized to celebrate important cultural events, inviting participation from the broader
community. Promoting these initiatives through social media and tourism platforms
would raise awareness and draw visitors. Creating partnerships with local businesses
can also support artisans by selling their crafts in the centre. Such efforts would not only
preserve Igorot culture but also contribute to the sustainable development of Baguio's
tourism sector. Ultimately, this cultural centre would help ensure that the legacy of the
Igorot people continues to thrive in an urban environment. By fostering a deeper
connection between visitors and the Igorot community, the centre could become a vital
space for cultural exchange and understanding.

V. REFERENCES
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://
nomadictribe.com/tribes/the-igorot%23:~:text%3DPeople%2520from%2520the
%2520Mountains%26text%3DIgorot%2520are%2520any%2520of%2520various,pine
%2520forest%2520zones%2520higher
%2520up.&ved=2ahUKEwiagNGCjrGJAxW8klYBHXv7N5QQFnoECBAQBQ&usg=AOv
Vaw1pqF0xsFQu1eLM1ECT5FYThttps://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=http://www.indigenouspeoples-sdg.org/
index.php/english/ttt/398-the-igorots-the-indigenous-peoples-of-the-northern-philippines-
under-the-faces-of-state-terrorism-and-
tyranny&ved=2ahUKEwiGxYXZkLGJAxWGsVYBHUG_NaYQFnoECCcQAQ&usg=AOv
Vaw01VZ__m3S5fCBBeU0-HRZhhttps://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Igorot
%23:~:text%3DCultural%2520elements%2520common%2520to%2520the,complex
%2520rituals%2520to%2520propitiate
%2520them.&ved=2ahUKEwid2uO6pLGJAxVsh1YBHdPyFi0QFnoECA8QBQ&usg=AO
vVaw0PpqsX_nYydjpJqSDoskOAhttps://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://nomadictribe.com/tribes/the-igorot
%23:~:text%3DAgricultural%2520terracing%2520and%2520farming%2520are,the
%2520numerous%2520rituals%2520and
%2520sacrifices.&ved=2ahUKEwiHuafYpbGJAxUSklYBHaL6LWEQFnoECBAQBQ&us
g=AOvVaw1pqF0xsFQu1eLM1ECT5FYT
STI WEST NEGROS UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM (TOUR 1009)