evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb

cÖwkÿY c×wZ I †KŠkj

Methods and Techniques of Training
6

f~wgKv
Kgx©i gvb I mvg_©¨, mgq, c`gh©v`v ev Kv‡Ri aib ev Ae¯’vb‡f‡` Kgx©‡K wewfbœ c×wZ ev †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i
cÖwkÿY w`‡Z nq| we‡kl K‡i mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖwkÿY c×wZ‡ZI cwieZ©b n‡”Q| GRb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi
Rb¨ Dchy³ c×wZ wba©viY Kiv w`b w`b RwUjZi n‡”Q| G Kvi‡Y cÖwkÿ‡Yi c×wZ ev †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges
cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Dchy³ c×wZ wba©viY Kiv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y|© cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ †h c×wZ me w`K †_‡K Dchy³
Ggb c×wZ †e‡Q †bqv nq| GRb¨ GKRb e¨e¯’vcK‡K me ai‡bi cÖwkÿY c×wZ I †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e
aviYv AR©b Kiv Avek¨K| G BDwb‡U cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ ev †KŠkj Ges G‡`i myweav-Amyweavmn wewfbœ welq
wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| Zvn‡j Avgiv GLb G BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n m¤ú‡K© †R‡b wbB|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvV-6.1 : cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ ev †KŠkj
cvV-6.2 : Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv, myweav I Amyweav
cvV-6.3 : Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv, myweav I Amyweav
cvV-6.4 : Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY djcÖm~ Kivi c`‡ÿcmg~n
cvV-6.5 : Kvh© mswkøó I Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ77
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-6.1 cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ ev †KŠkj

(Different Methods of Training or Techniques)

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb

cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ ev cÖKvi‡f` e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖwkÿ‡Yi c×wZ/cÖKvi‡f`
Methods / Types of Training
KvR m¤úv`‡b Kgx©‡`i AvMÖn, `ÿZv I ¸YMZ gvb Dbœqbi Rb¨ mwVK c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP †bIqv `iKvi|
Kv‡Ri cÖwµqvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L wewfbœ mgq wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwkÿY c×wZ wb‡Z nq| wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii Kgx© I wbe©vnx‡`i
cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖwZôvb wewfbœ c×wZ e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx cÖwkÿY c×wZ‡K wb‡¤œv³ `yfv‡e
fvM Kiv hvq:
cÖwkÿY c×wZ

Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY Kv‡Ri evB‡i cÖwkÿY

1. cwiwPwZg~jK c×wZ 1. e³…Zv c×wZ
2. wkÿvbwek c×wZ 2. †mwgbvi c×wZ
3. cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ 3. Awa‡ekb c×wZ
4. †KvwPs c×wZ 4. DccÖ‡Kvô c×wZ
5. ch©‡eÿY/weÁ civgk© c×wZ 5. NUbv ch©v‡jvPbv c×wZ
6. ¯’jvwfwl³ c×wZ 6. f~wgKv Awfbq c×wZ
7. cÖ`k©b c×wZ 7. e¨e¯’vcbv µxov
8. c` cwieZ©b c×wZ 8. ms‡e`bkxjZv cÖwkÿY
9. Rywbqi †evW© 9. gw¯Í®‹ SwUKv
10. cÖKí c×wZ 10. evR †mkb
11. QÙ‡ek aviY cÖwkÿY
wPÎ : cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ
K. Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY (On-the-Job Training)
†h cÖwkÿY c×wZ‡Z GKRb Kgx© wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †_‡K ev KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z D³ Kv‡R `ÿZv AR©b
Ki‡Z _v‡K, Zv‡K Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY e‡j| G cÖwµqvq KvR m¤úv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ _vKvKvjxb cÖwZôv‡bi
Af¨šÍ‡i wewfbœ Dcv‡q Kgx©‡`i cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq, hv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. cwiwPwZg~jK cÖwkÿY (Induction training) : GwU GKvšÍB cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi cÖwkÿY e¨e¯’v| G c×wZ‡Z
bZyb Kg©x‡K cÖwZôv‡bi ev †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ cwiPq Kiv‡bv nq Ges Zv‡`i g‡b Kg© AvMÖn,
Drmvn I DÏxcbv mÂvi Kivi †Póv Kiv nq| G c×wZi gva¨‡g Kg©x‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi PvKwii mvaviY
D‡Ïk¨, wbqg-Kvbyb, kZ©vw`, bxwZ, Kvh©cwi‡ek, cÖPwjZ my‡hvM-myweav m¤ú‡K© Ges Drcv`b cÖwµqv I

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ78
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb

Drcvw`Z cY¨ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv nq| G cÖwkÿ‡Yi Kj¨v‡Y bZyb Kg©x‡`i g‡bi A‡nZzK fqfxwZ ev `ywðšÍv
`~i nq Ges KZ…c
© ‡ÿi Dci GKUv Av¯’vi fve m„wó nq|
2. wkÿvbwek cÖwkÿY (Apprentice training) : `ÿ ZË¡veavqK‡`i Z`viwK‡Z G cÖwkÿY MÖnY Ki‡Z nq|
cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K G c×wZi e¨vcK cÖPjb i‡q‡Q| G cÖwkÿY c×wZ †kªwYK‡ÿ e³…Zv Ges cÖK…Z e¨venvwiK
cÖwkÿ‡Yi Øviv wkÿv cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i| cwiYv‡g Kgx©i ZvwË¡K Ávb Ges e¨venvwiK Ávb DfqB AvqË¡ nq|
†ckvMZ w`K w`‡q G cÖwkÿY LyeB Dc‡hvMx| wkÿvbexk _vKv Ae¯’vq Kg©xMY wb¤œnv‡i †eZb cvq| G
cÖwkÿ‡Yi †gqv` GK ermi n‡Z Qq/mvZ ermi ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| PvKwii wbqwgZ envjKi‡Yi c~e© ch©šÍ
Kg©x‡`i AwbðqZvi g‡a¨ KvUv‡Z nq| G c×wZi GUv GKwU eo Amyweav|
3. cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ (Internship method) : cÖwkÿYv_x©‡K AZ¨šÍ `ÿ I AwfÁ D”P ch©v‡qi wbe©vnx ev we‡kl‡Ái
Aax‡b †i‡L †ckvMZ wel‡q nv‡Z-Kj‡g wkÿv`vb Kiv‡K cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ e‡j| ZvwË¡Kfv‡e AwR©Z Áv‡bi
ev¯Íe cÖ‡qvM †kLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡ekbv c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Wv³vwi †Kvm© (MBBS) mgvßKvix
Wv³vi‡`i eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e `xN© †gqv‡` Giƒc cÖwkÿY wb‡Z nq| ZvQvov BBA I MBA-Gi g‡Zv A‡bK
†ckvMZ †Kvm© †k‡lI G ai‡bi cÖwkÿ‡Yi wbqg Av‡Q| G‡Z mswkøó wkÿv_x© ev cÖwkÿYv_x©i e¨venvwiK Ávb
ev‡o|
4. †KvwPs c×wZ (Coaching method) : cÖwkÿYv_x© GKRb ZË¡veavqK †Kv‡Pi Aax‡b wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨
Kv‡Ri c×wZ I †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© e¨venvwiK Ávb AR©b Ki‡j Zv‡K †KvwPs c×wZ e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwkÿYv_x©‡K
wbweo cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g †i‡L cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| †Ljvayjvi †ÿ‡Î †KvwPs c×wZ †ek RbwcÖq|
cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡ZI Kgx©‡`i gvb Dbœq‡b †KvwPs c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †KvwPs c×wZ‡Z Kgx©‡`i gvb
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ avivevwnK cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡bv nq Ges GKch©v‡q Kgx©iv AwfÁ n‡q I‡V|
5. weÁ civgk©/ch©‡eÿY c×wZ (Mentoring method) : cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©iZ GKRb wmwbqi I AwfÁ Kgx©i
(Mentor) Aax‡b A‡cÿvK…Z Rywbqi I bZzb Kgx© (Mentee) KvR K‡i wkÿv †bIqv‡K weÁ civgk© ev †gbUi
c×wZ e‡j| GKwU bZzb Kg©cwi‡e‡k Kxfv‡e KvR I AvPvi-AvPiY Ki‡Z nq, †m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Kgx© †gbU‡ii
KvQ †_‡K wkÿv †bq| wmwbqi Kgx© bZzb ev Rywbqi Kgx©‡K KvR m¤úv`b m¤úwK©Z wel‡q w`Kwb‡`©kbv, civgk©
I mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib Ges djveZ©b wb‡q _v‡Kb| †hgb: jÕdv‡g© bZzb ev Rywbqi Kgx© wmwbq‡ii Aax‡b KvR
K‡i|
6. ¯’jvwfwl³ c×wZ (Understudy method) : cÖwkÿYv_x©‡K GKRb `ÿ I AwfÁ wbe©vnxi mnKvix wn‡m‡e
Av‡`k-wb‡`©k cvjb I Zvi Ae¯’v‡bi mvgwMÖK KvR m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`Iqvi cÖwµqv‡K ¯’jvwfwl³ c×wZ e‡j|
Gfv‡e D³ Kv‡R ax‡i ax‡i †m AwfÁ n‡q I‡V| GKch©v‡q wbe©vnx D³ mnKvix‡K wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i M‡o
Zzj‡Z cv‡i| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e D”PZi I †ewk `vwqZ¡c~Y© c‡`i Kgx©‡`i Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ G ai‡bi c×wZ Kvh©Ki
e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K|
7. cÖ`k©b c×wZ (Demonstration) : cÖwkÿv_x©‡K GKRb `ÿ I AwfÁ cÖwkÿK mywbw`©ó KvRwU Kxfv‡e Ki‡e,
Zv e¨vLv, we‡kølY I D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ ev¯Íe aviYv w`‡q wkÿv`vb Kiv‡K cÖ`k©b c×wZ e‡j| G aviYv
Kgx©‡`i ev¯Í‡e KvR Ki‡Z I wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q wm×všÍ wb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †Kv‡bv m~² I RwUj wel‡q
¯^í mg‡q cÖwkÿY †`Iqvi †ÿ‡Î G c×wZ †ek Dc‡hvMx I Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i|
8. c` cwieZ©b (Job rotation) : G c×wZ AbymiY K‡i ZË¡veavqK, wbe©vnx ev e¨e¯’vcK‡K GK c` n‡Z
Ab¨ c‡` ¯’vbvšÍi K‡i avivevwnKfv‡e cÖwkÿY †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| GKRb e¨e¯’vcK‡K GKwU wbw`ó©
wefv‡M wb‡qvM`vb Ki‡jI wefv‡Mi Kv‡Ri cÖK…Z I mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv `iKvi| Avi wbe©vnx hw`
mvaviY e¨e¯’vcbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zvi me wefv‡Mi KgK©vÐ, Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ Ges mgm¨v m¤ú‡K©
mvaviY Ávb _vKv `iKvi| G Kvi‡Y cÖ‡Z¨K wbe©vnx ev e¨e¯’vcK‡K Qqgvm n‡Z `yB ermi ch©šÍ mg‡qi Rb¨

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ79
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

N~Y©vqgvb c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿY MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| wkÿvbwek Kg©x Zvi Dci¯’ Kg©KZ©v †_‡K bZzb Kjv‡KŠkj AvqË
K‡i| e„n`vqZb e¨emvq †ÿ‡Î G c×wZi e¨vcK cÖPjb †`Lv hvq| KviY D”P ch©v‡qi c‡`i Rb¨ mvwe©K
e¨e¯’vcbv msµvšÍ wel‡q Ávbm¤úbœ Kg©xi Dcw¯’wZ Acwinvh©| c` cwieZ©b e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi d‡j
e¨e¯’vcK‡`i gvbwmK msKxY©Zv `~i nq|
9. Rywbqi †evW© (Junior board): A‡bK mgq †Kv¤úvwbi mgm¨vewj m¤ú‡K© AbymiY, we‡kølY Ges
civgk©`v‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vqxfv‡e Dc‡`óv KwgwU ev †evW© _v‡K| G †ev‡W©i m`m¨‡`i KvR n‡jv †Kv¤úvbxi
we`¨gvb mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZ I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges Gme mgvav‡bi Rb¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi kxl© ch©v‡q A_©vr
cwiPvjbv †ev‡W©i Kv‡Q Dchy³ mycvwik †ck Kiv| Rywbqi †ev‡W©i mycvwik †gvZv‡eK wm×všÍ MÖnY ev †m
Abyhvqx KvR Kiv bv Kiv kxl© e¨e¯’vcbvi e¨vcvi| cwiPvjbv †evW©, Rywbqi †ev‡W©i mycvwi‡ki meUv ev
wKq`sk MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i ev bvI cv‡i| Pvj©m g¨vK KiwgK bvgK cÖL¨vZ wkícwZ G c×wZi cÖeZ©K
wQ‡jb| G c×wZi g½jRbK w`K n‡jv KwgwUi m`m¨MY †Kv¤úvwbi wewfbœ mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nb
Ges `jMZfv‡e wm×všÍ MÖnY Kivi my‡hvM cvb, GUv GKwU ¯^í-e¨q Ges ¯^í-mgq mv‡cÿ e¨e¯’vcbv
Dbœqb c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z cwiPvjbv †ev‡W©i Rb¨ Af¨šÍixY m`m¨ M‡o †Zvjvi c_ Db¥y³ nq|
10. cÖKí c×wZ (Project method): G c×wZ‡Z wkÿvbwek we‡kl cÖKí m¤^‡Ü cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq|
cY¨ Drcv`b h‡š¿i e¨envi, bZyb c‡Y¨i evRvi m„wó, †Kv¤úvwbi kvLv we¯Ívi, msMVb KvVv‡gv cÖf„wZ GK
GKwU cÖK‡íi D`vniY| cÖwZwU cÖK‡íi `vwqZ¡ c„_K c„_K wkÿv_©xi Dci Ac©b Kiv nq| Zviv wbR cÖK‡íi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨vw` msMÖn I we‡kølY K‡i Ges cÖKíwUi mvd‡j¨i Rb¨ Dchy³ civgk© †`q| cÖ‡qvR‡b
cÖK‡íi mycvwik Abyhvqx Gi Kvh©KvwiZv cixÿvi Rb¨ Kg©‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z ejv nq| Gfv‡e cÖK‡íi mvdj¨
wePvi-we‡ePbv Kiv m¤¢e nq Ges wbe©vnx wn‡m‡e KvR Kivi wfwË cÖ¯‘Z nq| cÖKí¸‡jv Aek¨B AwfÁ wbe©vnxi
ZË¡veav‡b m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| wkÿvbexk‡K †gŠwLK cixÿvi gva¨‡g Zvi cÖK‡íi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z ejv nq| cÖKí
c×wZ D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v Ges e¨e¯’vcK‡`i Dbœqb cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e AvaywbK Kv‡j AZ¨šÍ djcÖm~ c×wZ wn‡m‡e
cÖwZwôZ|

L. Kv‡Ri evB‡i cÖwkÿY (Off-the-Job Training)

†h cÖwµqvq Kgx©‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i Z_v Zv‡`i cÖvwZôvwbK Kv‡Ri ga¨ e¨¯Í bv †i‡L Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b ev
cÖwZôv‡b cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq, Zv‡K Kv‡Ri evB‡i cÖwkÿY e‡j| Giƒc cÖwkÿY cÖvwZôvwbK KvR m¤úv`bKvjxb
†`Iqv nq bv| KvR †_‡K c„_K K‡i Giƒc cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq| A_©vr Kgx©iv Zv‡`i wbw`©ó KvR †_‡K c„_K n‡q
cÖ_‡g †Kv‡bv wel‡q wkÿvjvf K‡i| Gici †m¸‡jv‡K wbR wbR Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î ev¯Íevqb ev cÖ‡qv‡Mi †Póv K‡i|
Giƒc cÖwkÿY c×wZ wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. e³…Zv (Lecture) : cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i GKÎ K‡i †Kv‡bv cÖwkÿK ev we‡klÁ e¨w³‡K w`‡q e³…Zv`v‡bi gva¨‡g
wkÿv †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v‡K e³…Zv c×wZ e‡j| e³…Zv GKwU AvbyôvwbK cÖwkÿY c×wZ| G c×wZi gva¨‡g ev¯Íe
Rxe‡bi A‡bK g~j¨evb Z_¨ Kg©x‡`i mvg‡b Zz‡j aiv nq| wewkó wkÿvwe`, M‡elK, AwfÁ e¨e¯’vcK,
Zv‡`i g~j¨evb Z_¨ I aviYv Kg©x‡`i mvg‡b Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib hv‡Z †kªvZvMY e³…Zvi welqe¯‘
mn‡RB ü`q½g Ki‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ ZLbB MÖn‡hvM¨ nq, hLb bZyb †Kvb welq Kg©x`j‡K AewnZ Kiv
nq| Avevi e„nr Kg©x‡Mvôx‡K wKQz Rvbv‡bv, bZyb †Kv‡bv cÖwkÿY c×wZ cÖewZ©Z nIqv ev †kªwYK‡ÿ mgq
mxwgZ _vK‡j G c×wZ LyeB Kvh©Ki|
2. †mwgbvi c×wZ (Seminar method) : AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cov‡jLv ev wkÿvMZ wel‡q we‡klÁ e¨w³ wbw`©ó
wjwLZ e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb I Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wkÿv`vb Kiv‡K †mwgbvi c×wZ e‡j| G c×wZ mvaviYZ GK
w`‡bi Rb¨ n‡q _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î D³ wel‡q cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i wbR wbR gZvgZmn Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM
†`Iqv nq| G‡Z Zviv gy³wP‡Ë wb‡R‡`i aviYv I Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡K| me †k‡l mevi

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ80
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb

gZvgZ I civg‡k©i wfwˇZ mswkøó wel‡q mswÿß Kvh©cÎ ˆZwi Kiv nq| wbe©vnx ev Kg©KZ©v‡`i aviYvMZ
Dbœq‡b Giƒc c×wZ LyeB Kvh©Ki| GwU GKRb wbqš¿K ev mycvifvBRvi cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb| m„Rbkxj
wkÿv c×wZ, AvDU‡mvwm©s, AbjvBb †Kbv‡ePv cÖf…wZ wel‡q †mwgbvi n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
3. Awa‡ekb c×wZ (Conference method) : GKRb mfvcwZi †bZ…‡Z¡ mfvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wb‡q `jMZ
Av‡jvPbv K‡i gZvgZ w`‡q mgm¨v mgvav‡bi AvbyôvwbK c×wZ‡K Awa‡ekb c×wZ e‡j| G c×wZ mvaviYZ
K‡qK w`be¨vcx Ges wfbœ wfbœ c‡e© ev †mk‡b AbywôZ nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Av‡jvP¨ m~wP (Agenda) _v‡K Ges †m
Abyhvqx cÖwkÿYv_x©iv Av‡M †_‡K wba©vwiZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bq| G‡Z wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi AeZviYv Kiv nq
Ges wb‡RivB G¸‡jvi mgvav‡bi Dcvq Zz‡j a‡i| GKRb D”P ch©v‡qi wbe©vnx Awa‡ek‡bi Kvh©µg‡K wbw`©ó
jÿ¨ AR©‡b cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
4. Dc-cÖ‡Kvô cÖwkÿY (Vestibule training): G c×wZ‡Z wkícÖwZôv‡b e¨eüZ Abyiƒc ÿz`ª hš¿cvwZ ev †gwkb
¯’vcb K‡i GKwU we‡kl ev¯Íeag©x wkÿv‡K›`ª cwÖZôv Kiv nq Ges GKRb `ÿ I AwfÁ ZË¡veavqK ev
†dvig¨v‡bi Øviv Kg©x‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| G‡Z wefvMxq KvRK‡g© cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó nq bv Ges
Kg©cÖevn Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| Z‡e G c×wZ †ek e¨qeûj|
5. NUbv ch©‡eÿY c×wZ (Case study method) : NUbv ch©‡eÿY c×wZ ev NUbv mgxÿv c×wZ
ZË¡veavqK, wbe©vnx Ges D”P¯Í‡ii e¨e¯’vcK cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †ÿ‡Î G c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq| G c×wZ
Abymv‡i e¨e¯’vcK‡`i Kv‡Q cÖwZôv‡bi mgm¨v msewjZ KZ¸‡jv NUbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| e¨e¯’vcK‡`i KZ©e¨
n‡jv G mg¯Í mgm¨vi Pzj‡Piv wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv Ges cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi c_ A‡š^lY Kiv| AskMÖnYKvix e¨e¯’vcK‡`i g‡a¨ hv‡`i wPšÍvaviv ev¯ÍewfwËK Ges hv‡`i cÖ¯vÍ e
cwiw¯’wZ I mg‡qvc‡hvMx Zv‡`i cÖ¯vÍ eB MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq| G c×wZ‡Z e¨e¯’vcK‡`i wPšÍvkw³i D‡b¥l N‡U
Ges MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwµqv DrmvwnZ nq| me©c_Ö g hy³iv‡óªi ÔHarvard Graduate School of
Business’-G G c×wZ cÖeZ©b Kiv nq|

6. f~wgKv Awfbq c×wZ (Role playing method) : G e¨e¯’vq Kvh‡©ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ †h mKj mgm¨v †`Lv
†`q, Zv‡`i DcRxe¨ K‡i Awfb‡qi Kvwnwb iPbv Kiv nq Ges cÖwkÿYv_x©iv bvbv f~wgKvq Awfbq K‡i ev
wewfbœ Pwi‡Î AeZxY© nq| Kgc‡ÿ `y‡Uv RywU wb‡q f~wgKv Awfbq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq, hv‡Z cÖwZcv`¨ welq
DËgiƒ‡c dz‡U I‡V| D`vniY¯^iƒc, weµq e¨e¯’vcbvi mv‡_ µq cÖwZwbwai Av‡jvPbv, e¨e¯’vc‡Ki mv‡_
ZË¡veavq‡Ki Av‡jvPbv cÖf„wZ Giƒc f~wgKvq ¯’vb cvq| AskMÖnYKvixMY huv‡`i Pwi‡Î Awfbq K‡i
Zuv‡`i e¨envi, g‡bvfve, Av‡eM, Abyf~wZ cÖf„wZ aviY Kivi †Póv K‡i| e¨emvq RM‡Z gvbe-m¤úK© I
†bZ…‡Z¡ Dbœqbg~jK cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ G c×wZ e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ nq| Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix
e¨e¯’vcKMY AvZ¥we‡kølY Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³i Dci Gi cÖfve Abyaveb Kivi my‡hvM cvq| G c×wZi
gva¨‡g e¨e¯’vcKMY KvíwbK Kg©KZ©vi f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q mwZ¨Kv‡ii e¨e¯’vc‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi gZ
gvbwmK cÖ¯‘wZ AR©b K‡i|
7. e¨e¯’vcbv µxov (Management games) : G‡ÿ‡Î ev¯Íe Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi NUbvi g‡ZvB GKUv NUbv wbe©vwPZ
Kiv nq| wkÿvbwek e¨e¯’vcK‡`i‡K KwZcq †QvU `‡j fvM Kiv nq Ges †Kv‡bv e¨vcv‡i GK ev
GKvwaK wm×všÍ wb‡Z ejv nq| Gi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv‡bi ev¯Íeagx© Ae¯’v wb‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq|
Gfv‡e e¨e¯’vcbv †Ljv ev Abykxjbx Pj‡Z _v‡K, hZÿY ch©šÍ cÖwZØw›Ø `j¸‡jvi Rq-civRq wba©vwiZ bv
nq| Gme †Ljv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î Pvi †_‡K Qq w`b Pj‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z cÖwkÿYv_x©i mgm¨v we‡køl‡Yi
ÿgZv I AšÍ`©„wó DbœZ nq|
8. ms‡e`bkxjZv cÖwkÿY (Sensitivity training) : gvbe-m¤úK© wel‡q Dcjwäi Rb¨ ms‡e`bkxjZv GKUv

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ81
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

DËg cš’v| G‡K †PZbkxjZv cÖwkÿY, T-Group cÖwkÿY ev Laboratory cÖwkÿY e‡j| G c×wZi
gva¨‡g e¨e¯’vcK‡`i gbbkxjZvq Ges `„wófw½‡Z cwieZ©b Avbv m¤¢e| G cÖwkÿ‡Yi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv,
e¨e¯’vcKMY †hb wb‡R‡K DËgiƒ‡c Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡`i e¨envi Ges AvPiY Ab¨‡`i Dci Kx
cÖfve m„wó K‡i, †m wel‡q wkÿv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| gvbyl mvaviYZ wb‡Ri ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ I ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© AÜ
_v‡K| Aciw`‡K Zv‡`i e¨envi Ab¨‡`i Dci †h GKUv cÖfve ev weiƒc cÖwZwµqv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i, †m wel‡q
Zv‡`i c~ea© viYv _v‡K bv| AZGe G ai‡bi cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©| wkÿvbwek e¨e¯’vcKMY‡K
†QvU †QvU `‡j wef³ K‡i Av‡jvPbvq e‡m Ges cvi¯úwiK fv‡ei Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ
Kiv nq| 1940 mv‡j hy³iv‡ói RvZxq cÖwkÿY M‡elYvMv‡i G c×wZ cixÿvg~jKfv‡e Pvjy Kiv nq|
9. gw¯Í®‹ SwUKv (Brain storming) : AskMÖnYKvix e¨e¯’vK‡`i †Kvb GKwU wel‡qi Dci hvi hvi
AwfgZ, civgk© I gšÍe¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z ejv nq| cÖwkÿY mgš^qKvix G mg¯Í AwfgZ Ges civgk© G‡Ki ci
GK mK‡ji m¤§y‡L wjwce× K‡i| djkÖæwZ‡Z GKwU mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ gyLx Ges wewfbœ `„wófw½ m¤úbœ
gZvgZ cvIqv hvq| hvi gva¨‡g mgm¨vi mwVK mÜvb cvIqv mnR nq| †h RwUj welqwU mvgwMÖK w`K we‡ePbv
K‡i GK e¨w³i c‡ÿ we‡kœlY Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv, †m welqwU mgvav‡bi wb‡`©k AskMÖnYKvix cÖ‡Z¨KwU
e¨e¯’vc‡Ki gw¯Í®‹ Pvjbvi d‡j mn‡R †ei n‡q Av‡m|
10. evR& †mkb (Bazz session): m‡¤§jb ev Kbdv‡iÝ c×wZ‡K AwaKZi Kvh©Kix Kivi Rb¨ G c×wZ cÖPjb
nq| m‡¤§jb PjvKv‡j A‡bK m`m¨B ïay bv‡g AskMÖnY K‡i, wKš‘ mwµqfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡i bv| Zv‡`i
mwµq Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Dcw¯’Z mKj m`m¨‡K KwZcq ÿz`ª ÿz`ª `‡j wef³ Kiv nq Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Av‡jvP¨
wel‡qi G‡KKUv welqe¯‘ Ac©Y Kiv nq| cÖwZwU MÖæ‡ci m`m¨ mswkøó wel‡q wbR wbR cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi
Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| cwibv‡g †Kvb `j Ges †Kvb& m`m¨ wK cwigv‡b Ges KZUv AvšÍwiKZv Ges ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_
cwiw¯’wZ e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q Zv cÖKvk cvq|
11. QÙ‡ekaviY cÖwkÿY (Simulation Training) : †h c×wZ‡Z GKwU cÖK…Z Ae¯’vi AbyÁv weKí Ae¯’v ˆZwi
K‡i cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq Zv‡K wmgy‡jkb cÖwkÿY e‡j| †hgbÑ cixÿvMv‡i †bv‡fvevwi‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v|
GUv MvwYwZK Av`‡k©i wfwˇZ iwPZ Ges eZ©gv‡b G †ÿ‡Î ¯^qswµq hš¿vw` e¨eüZ nq| GUv wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi
c‡ÿ we‡kl Kvh©Ki e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K|

mvims‡ÿc

Kgx© Ávb, `ÿZv I mÿgZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡jøwLZ c×wZmg~n e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e GKwU
cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡`i cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi c×wZ mwVK Dc‡hvMx Zv wbf©i K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi cÖK…wZ, mvg_©¨,
KZ©„c‡ÿi gvbwmKZv, cÖwkÿYv_x© †hvM¨Zv cÖf…wZ wel‡qi Ici|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ82
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb

cvV-6.2 Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv, myweav I Amyweav

Concept, Advantages and Disadvantages of Off-the-Job Training

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb

Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav I Amyweav eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv

Concept of Off-the-Job Training
Kgx©‡`i‡K cÖwZôv‡bi KvR †_‡K c„_K K‡i †h cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq, ZvB Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿY| †h ai‡bi cÖwkÿY
c×wZ Kvh© cwi‡ek †_‡K `~‡i Av‡qvwRZ nq †m¸‡jv‡K Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿY e‡j| GUv Kvh© cwi‡e‡ki Lye Kv‡Q
ev Lye `~‡iI Aew¯’Z n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ †h ai‡bi cÖwZôvb Drcv`‡bi m‡½ mivmwi RwoZ bq Zv‡`i Rb¨ G
RvZxq cÖwkÿY c×wZ m‡e©vËg| e¨e¯’vcKxq cÖwkÿY¸‡jv mvaviYZ Kvh© ewnf©~ZB n‡q _v‡K| e³…Zv, †KvwPs,
Av‡jvPbv, mfv, †mwgbvi, wmgy‡jkb, IqvK©kc, AwWI wfRy¨qvj c×wZ cÖf…wZ †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g Kvh© ewnf©~Z
cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq|

Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav

Advantages of Off-the-Job Traning
Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav¸‡jv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. AwaK Drcv`bkxjZv (High productivity) : Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g GKRb wkÿv_x© Zvi KvR
m¤ú‡K© cwic~Y© aviYv I Ávb AR©b K‡i wbR¯^ Kg©‡ÿ‡Î m¤ú„³ nq| d‡j G cÖwµqvq cÖwkwÿZ Kgx© KZ…K
©
AwaK Drcv`b m¤¢e nq|
2. AwaK cÖwkÿYv_x© m¤ú„³Zv (Engagement of maximum learners) : Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿY c×wZ‡Z GKB
m‡½ ev GKB K‡ÿ eû Kgx©‡K cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq| GUv cÖwZôvb Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ myweavRbK| Kvh© mswkøó
cÖwkÿY cÖwµqvq G ai‡bi myweav cvIqv m¤¢e bq|
3. wbwe©‡Nœ Drcv`b (Uninterrupted production) : G‡ÿ‡Î wkÿvbwewk †KD Drcv`b cÖwµqvq hy³ nq bv|
d‡j wbwe©‡Nœ Drcv`b Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e nq| cÖwkwÿZ Kgx©ivI G‡Z wei³ †eva K‡i bv| Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi
gva¨‡g eo †Kv‡bv fzj ev `yN©UbvI Gov‡bv m¤¢e, hv Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î m¤¢e nq bv|
4. mvkÖqx (Economy) : Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g GK‡Î A‡bK Kgx©‡K cÖwkÿY †`Iqv hvq| GQvovI
GKRb cÖwkÿK KZ©„K A‡bK cÖwkÿYv_x©‡K GK‡Î wb‡q Aí Li‡P Giƒc cÖwkÿY m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5. ¯^í mgq (Less time of training) : G cÖwµqvq cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g AwZ Aí mg‡q eû Z_¨ mKj‡K Rvbv‡bv
m¤¢e nq| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖwkÿYv_x©iv †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqvq hy³ nq bv| d‡j AwZ Aí mg‡q cÖwkÿY
Kvh©µg m¤úv`b Kiv m¤¢e nq|
6. fzj-ÎæwU n«vm (Less production error) : GB cÖwµqvq GKRb wkÿvbwek Zvi Kv‡Ri cwi‡e‡ki evB‡i
cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y Zviv Drcv`b cÖwµqvq mivmwi RwoZ _v‡K bv| d‡j fzj-ÎæwU Kg nq|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ83
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi Amyweav

Disadvantages of off-the-job Traning
Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi Amyweav¸‡jv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. Kvh© cwi‡e‡ki Abycw¯’wZ (Outside of the work station) : Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi me‡P‡q eo Amyweav
n‡jv cÖK…Z ev wbR¯^ Kvh© cwi‡e‡ki Abycw¯’wZ| d‡j GKRb wkÿvbwewk Zvi Kv‡Ri cÖK…Z wPÎ m¤ú‡K©
AbwfÁ _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î †m wbR¯^ Kvh© cwi‡e‡ki hš¿cvwZ, AvmevecÎ ev Kvh© cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© cÖK…Z Ávb jv‡f
e¨_© nq|
2. e¨qeûj (Expensive) : G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Avjv`v Kÿ fvov I cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿv DcKiY †RvMvo Kiv
nq Ges mve©ÿwYK GKRb cÖwkÿK wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g G ai‡bi cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GwU cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨
AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj GKwU cÖwµqv| †ewki fvM cÖwZôvb G RvZxq cÖwkÿY c×wZ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z mg_© nq bv|
3. Abyrcv`bkxjZv (No productivity) : G RvZxq cÖwkÿY c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_x© Drcv`‡bi ¯’vb †_‡K `~‡i
Ae¯’vb K‡i wkÿv MÖnY K‡i| ZvB G‡Z K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`‡b †m f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi d‡j
cÖwZôvb ïay cÖwkÿY LiP enb K‡i| †Kv‡bv `„k¨gvb Drcv`b †m cÖwkÿYv_x©i KvQ †_‡K cvq bv|
4. ev¯ÍegywLZvi Afve (Lack of practical knowledge) : Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿY mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv †kÖwYK‡ÿ
†`Iqv nq, hvi mv‡_ ev¯Íe Kvh© cwi‡e‡ki †Kv‡bv wgj _v‡K bv| d‡j cÖK…Z Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ ev cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K©
A‡bK mgqB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cwic~Y© aviYv ˆZwi Kiv nq bv|
5. djveZ©‡b mgm¨v (Lack of feedback) : GB ai‡bi cÖwkÿY c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_x© I cÖwkÿK ci¯úi `~i‡Z¡
Ae¯’vb K‡ib| GQvovI A‡b‡K GK‡Î wkÿv MÖnY Kivi d‡j mK‡ji gZvgZ MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|
cÖwkÿ‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨ AwR©Z n‡jv wK bv ZvI Rvbv hvq bv| cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i gZvgZ bv cvIqv †M‡j, cÖwkÿY
dj`vqx ev djcÖm~ n‡jv wK bv, †mUv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ K‡i ejv m¤¢e nq bv|

mvims‡ÿc
Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ myweav-Amyweav we`¨gvb| cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ GwU Dc‡hvMx n‡j, G‡Z we`¨gvb
mgm¨v¸‡jv `~i Kivi †Póv Kiv Avek¨K|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ84
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb

cvV-6.3 Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv, myweav I Amyweav

(Concept, Advantages and Disadvantages of On-the-Job Training)

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb

Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav I Amyweav eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi aviYv

Concept of On-the-Job Training
†h cÖwkÿY c×wZ‡Z bewbhy³ Kgx©‡K mswkøó ev wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †i‡L ev Kgx© KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z D³
Kv‡R `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z _v‡K, Zv‡K Kvh© mswkøó ev Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cÖwkÿY e‡j| cÖwZôvb †Q‡o Ab¨ †Kv_vI
wM‡q cÖwkÿY †bIqvi `iKvi nq bv| G‡ÿ‡Î Kgx© ev cÖwkÿYv_x© cÖwZôv‡b †_‡K †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR m¤úv`b
K‡i _v‡K| c‡i Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í †m `ÿ I AwfÁ n‡q I‡V|

Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav

Advantages of On-the-Job Training
Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav¸‡jv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. mnR‡eva¨Zv (Simplicity) : G ai‡bi cÖwkÿY nv‡ZKj‡g KvR Kivi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq, d‡j cÖwkÿY
MÖnYKvixi c‡ÿ GUv AZ¨šÍ mnR‡eva¨ nq| G c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿK‡K †Kv‡bv wel‡qi e¨vL¨v ev we‡kølY Kivi
cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| cÖwkÿYv_x© †`‡L †`‡L mn‡RB Zvi KvR m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡q hvq|
2. mvkÖqx (Cost saving) : Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY AZ¨šÍ mvkÖqx| †Kbbv G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwkÿY miÄv‡gi Rb¨ Avjv`v
†Kv‡bv A_© GLv‡b LiP Ki‡Z nq bv| G RvZxq cÖwkÿ‡Y Avjv`vfv‡e †Kv‡bv cÖwkÿY ¯’vb cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv|
ZvB Giƒc cÖwkÿ‡Y LiP †e‡P hvq|
3. `ªæZ wkLb/wkÿY (Ouick learning) : Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY wbR¯^ Kvh© cwi‡e‡k m¤úvw`Z nq e‡j cÖwkÿYv_x©
`ªæZ †mwU wkL‡Z cv‡i| G cÖwµqvi Kgx© Zvi wbR I Kg©cwi‡e‡ki m‡½ `ªæZ gvwb‡q wb‡q Kvh©m¤úv`b K‡i
_v‡K|
4. ZvrÿwYK Drcv`b (Immediate production) : †h‡nZz cÖwkÿYv_x© Zvi wb‡Ri Kg©cwi‡e‡k †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq
hš¿cvwZ I cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq d‡j †m `ªæZ welqwU wkL‡Z cv‡i Ges Drcv`b cÖwµqvq
ZvrÿwYKfv‡e hy³ n‡q Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5. Kvh© cwi‡e‡k cÖwkÿY (Training in work environment) : G RvZxq cÖwkÿY mvaviYZ cÖwkÿYv_x©i wbR
Kv‡Ri ¯’v‡bB nq| d‡j wb‡Ri Kv‡Ri ¯’v‡bi AwfÁZv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g wKQz wkL‡j †mwU AwaK Kvh©Ki nq|
6. eûgyLx `ÿZv (Multi skilling) : Giƒc cÖwkÿY GKwU ev¯Íeagx© c`‡ÿc| d‡j cÖwkÿYv_x© eûgyLx `ÿZv
AR©b K‡i _v‡K| ZvQvov Gi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_x© Zvi KvR ev Kv‡Ri ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ m¤ú‡K© ZvrÿwYKfv‡e
Rvb‡Z cv‡i|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ85
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi Amyweav

Disadvantages of On-the-Job Training
Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi Amyweavmg~n wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. Kg Drcv`bkxjZv (Less productivity) : hw`I G cÖwµqvi GKRb wkÿvbwek Zvi wbR¯^ Kg©cwi‡e‡ki
g‡a¨ KvR K‡i, Z_vwc †m wkÿv MÖn‡Yi g‡a¨B _v‡K| d‡j Zvi gva¨‡g AwaK cwigvY Drcv`b m¤¢e nq bv|
2. Drcv`‡b fzj (Error in production) : myôz I my›`ifv‡e Drcv`b Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq GKRb `ÿ
Kgx©i| GKRb cÖwkÿYv_x©i c‡ÿ wbf©yjfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv KL‡bvB m¤¢e bq| d‡j cÖwZôv‡bi Drcv`‡b fz‡ji
cwigvY †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i|
3. e¨qeûj (Costly) : wkÿvbwe‡ki cÖ¯Z
‘ K…Z cY¨ wb¤œ gv‡bi nq Ges †ewki fvM †ÿ‡ÎB MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq bv|
d‡j Drcv`b Gi e¨q †e‡o hvq|
4. weiw³i D‡`ªK (Disturbance) : cÖwkÿYv_x©i fz‡j fiv Kg©Kv‡Ð Drcv`b cÖwµqv e¨vnZ nq| cÖwkÿK A‡bK
†ÿ‡Î wei³ n‡q _v‡K| Ab¨vb¨ Kgx©ivI G‡ÿ‡Î Amn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g GKUv wek„•Lj cwi‡ek ˆZwi K‡i
†d‡j|
5. `yN©Ubvi m¤¢vebv (Possibility of accident) : cÖwkÿYv_x© bZzb nIqvq cÖwZôv‡bi hš¿cvwZ, c×wZ cÖf…wZ
m¤ú‡K© AwfÁ _v‡K bv| d‡j `yN©Ubv NUvi m¤¢vebv A‡bK †ewk _v‡K| Gi d‡j Drcv`b cÖwµqv ev Kvh©
cwi‡ek A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk SzuwKc~Y© n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|

mvims‡ÿc
Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ myweav I Amyweav jÿ Kiv hvq| G ai‡bi cÖwkÿY cÖwZôv‡bi Dc‡hvMx n‡j
myweav¸‡jv Kv‡R jvwM‡q Amyweavmg~n `~i Kivi †Póv Kiv Avek¨K|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ86
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb

cvV-6.4 Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY djcÖm~ Kivi c`‡ÿcmg~n

(Steps to make Effective On-the-Job Traning)

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb

Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY Kvh©Ki ev djcÖm~ Kivi c`‡ÿcmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY Kvh©Ki Kivi c`‡ÿcmg~n

Steps to make Effective On-the-Job Training
Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY Kvh©Ki Kivi c`‡ÿcmg~n wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
1. jÿ¨ wPwýZKiY (Identify goals) : Giƒc cÖwkÿ‡Y wb‡qvwRZ Kgx© Kx Kx KvR Ki‡e, Kxfv‡e Ki‡e Zv Av‡M
†_‡KB wVK Ki‡Z nq| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwZôv‡bi j‡ÿ¨i cÖwZ †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq| jÿ¨wenxb †bŠKv †hgb MšÍ‡e¨
†cuŠQ‡Z cv‡i bv, †Zgwb jÿ¨wenxb cÖwkÿY †Kej Kg©m~wP wn‡m‡eB _v‡K| GRb¨ cÖwZôv‡b wb‡qvwRZ Kgx©‡`i
wb‡q cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z nq|
2. cÖwkÿY DcKiY msMÖn (Collection of training materials) : cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb nq|
cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwkÿY DcKi‡Yi Afv‡e †hb cÖwkÿY eÜ bv nq, Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq| DcKi‡Yi Afv‡e jÿ¨
AR©b e¨nZ hv‡Z bv nq †mw`‡KI bRi ivLv Avek¨K|
3. m~wP ev wkwWDj ˆZwi (Prepare a sehedule) : wkwWDj n‡jv mswÿß cwiKíbv| cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgq, w`b,
cÖwkÿK, cÖwkÿY c×wZ wb‡q mvwe©K wel‡qi GKwU wmwWDj ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Zvici wkwWD‡ji Av‡jv‡K
cÖwkÿY ïiæ Ki‡Z nq, hv‡Z Drcv`‡bi avivevwnKZv euvavcÖvß bv n‡q Pjgvb _v‡K|
4. cÖwkÿK wVK Kiv (Find the trainer) : Kvh© mswkøó ev Kg©Kvjxb cÖwkÿ‡Y Kgx©‡K `ÿ wbcyY cÖwkÿ‡Ki
Aax‡b †_‡K KvR Ki‡Z nq| †h ai‡bi cÖwkÿK cÖ‡qvRb Zv cÖwZôvb‡K Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z nq| cÖ‡qvRbxq
msL¨K `ÿ cÖwkÿK wVK Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j wkwWDj e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq|
5. Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM (Effective communication) : cÖwkÿY‡K †K›`ª K‡i mswkøó mKj c‡ÿi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM
iÿv Ki‡Z nq| †hvMv‡hvM Kvh©Ki n‡j cÖwkÿYI Kvh©Ki nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| myôz †hvMv‡hvM e¨wZZ Kvh©
mswkøó cÖwkÿY Kvh©Ki nq bv|
6. wbwg©Z c‡_i DbœwZ (Track progress) : cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿY cÖYvwji DbœwZ weavb Kiv
Avek¨K| Ae¯’vi m‡½ Lvc LvB‡q cÖwkÿY KvR AwePj ivLvi Rb¨ w¯’iK…Z cÖYvwj c‡_i w`‡K hZœevb n‡Z
nq|
7. djveZ©b DrmvnKiY (Encourage feedback) : Kg©Kvjxb cÖwkÿ‡Y Kgx© KZUv Rvbj ev wkLj, Zv Rvb‡Z
PvIqv Riæwi| †Kbbv cÖwkÿY MÖn‡Yi c‡i Kgx© hw` wbw`©ó K‡g© fv‡jv ev BwZevPK cÖwZwµqv †`Lvq, Z‡e Zv
cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ DËg| Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi mvgwMÖK mdjZv djveZ©‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i|

mvims‡ÿc
myZivs Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY‡K djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ Dcwi-D³ c`‡ÿcmg~n h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY Kiv Avek¨K|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ87
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-6.5 Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY I Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

(Difference between On-the-Job Training and Off-the-Job Training)

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb

Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY I Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kvh© mswkøó I Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

Difference Between On-the-Job Training and Off-the-Job Training
†h cÖwkÿY c×wZ‡Z Kgx© wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †_‡K ev KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z D³ Kv‡R `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z
_v‡K, Zv‡K Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K †h cÖwkÿY cÖwµqvq Kgx©‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i Kv‡Ri g‡a¨
e¨¯Í bv †i‡L Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b ev cÖwZôv‡b cÖwkÿY †`Iqv nq, Zv‡K Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿY e‡j| wb‡P Q‡Ki
gva¨‡g Kvh© mswkøó I Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:

cv_©‡K¨i wfwË Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿY

(Base of differences) (On-the-Job Training) (Off-the-Job Training)
D‡Ïk¨ (Objectives) me‡P‡q fv‡jv Kvh©ÿgZv cÖ`k©b Kiv| `ÿZv I AwfÁZv AR©b Kiv|
cÖwkÿK (Trainer) mvaviYZ GKRb AwfÁ Kgx©B G G cÖwkÿ‡Yi cwiPvjbvq _v‡Kb cÖvwZôvwbK
cÖwkÿ‡Y †bZ…Z¡ †`b| †Kv‡bv wkÿK, Aa¨vcK ev cwiPvjK|
cÖwkÿY ¯’vb Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY cÖK…Z Kvh© G RvZxq cÖwkÿY cÖK…Z Kvh© cwi‡ek †_‡K
(Training place) cwi‡e‡kB msMwVZ nq| evB‡i †`Iqv nq|
Drcv`b mswkøóZv G cÖwkÿY PjvKv‡jB cÖwZôv‡b Drcv`b cÖwkÿYv_x© Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤ú„³
(Production relation) cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _v‡K| _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|
msL¨v (Number) Aí Kgx©i Rb¨ G cÖwkÿY DËg| AwaK Kgx© n‡j G cÖwkÿ‡Yi weKí †bB|
LiP (Expences) Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Y LiP Kg nq Ges G cÖwkÿY c×wZ A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk Li‡Pi
Drcv`b ev‡o| Ges Drcv`b mswkøó bq|
c×wZ (Methods) c` cwieZ©b, wkÿvbwek, cwiwPwZ e³…Zv, Av‡jvPbv, †mwgbvi wmgy‡jkb
cÖf…wZ Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY †KŠkj ev cÖf…wZ G cÖwkÿ‡Yi cwiwPZ †KŠkj|
c×wZ|
cÖ‡hvR¨Zv Drcv`b mswkøó cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ G Abyrcv`bkxj Ges e¨e¯’vcKxq c‡`i Rb¨
(Applicability) RvZxq cÖwkÿY DËg| G RvZxq cÖwkÿY AwaK cÖ‡hvR¨|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ88
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwkÿY I Dbœqb

mvims‡ÿc
Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY I Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿY AvcvZ `„wó‡Z GKB iKg g‡b n‡jI Df‡qi g‡a¨ A‡bK cv_©K¨
we`¨gvb| Dfq ai‡bi cÖwkÿY m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ aviYv AR©b K‡i cÖwZôv‡b ev¯Íevqb Kiv `iKvi|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ89
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GgweG †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU DËi g~j¨vqb

1. cÖwkÿ‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ ev †KŠkj Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

2. Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav I Amyweav eY©bv Kiæb|
3. Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿ‡Yi myweav I Amyweav eY©bv Kiæb|
4. Kvh© mswkøó cÖwkÿY djcÖm~ Kivi c`‡ÿcmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
5. Kvh© mswkøó I Kvh© ewnf©~Z cÖwkÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjLyb|

BDwbU 6 c„ôvÑ90