Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.

2 (2021), 677- 685

Research Article

Systematic Literature Review: Implications of Mental Illness on Life and Working

Integrity

Nor Shela Saleha, and Mohd Shafie Rosli b

A
Centre for General Studies and Co-Curricular, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja Batu Pahat, Johor
bSchool of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai Johor Bahru, Johor

Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Accepted: 27 February 2021; Published online: 5 April 2021
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: Mental health problems in society are becoming new and more distressing as explained by the Ministry of Health
Malaysia and the World Health Organization. Mental problems occur amongst working adults, the elderly, adolescents and
children, men and women. Recent research confirms that the causes of mental health problems are due to genetic problems,
personal problems, financial problems, learning pressures and stress at workplace. The effects of mental health problems can
lead to depression, emotional tension, personality disorder and suicide. In order to obtain a wealth of information, researchers
have accompanied critical analysis studies by viewing at several empirically established from previous studies. The first finding
shows that mental illness classified as a brain disorder, an emotional disorder and an abnormal attitude. The second finding
explains that the level of mental health knowledge among students is still low. The third study examines the causes of
schizophrenia, which have four causes of the disease, namely genetic factors, drugs, work stress and poverty. The fourth finding
explains the experience of caring for a mentally ill person who is also having trouble in the life of the patient's family. Generally,
this study explains that mental illness is a problem that has various negative effects on various people. Implications of mental
illness transpire over the long term if treatment not properly performed. Therefore, proactive initiatives prerequisite to be taken
by all parties to ensure the quality of life of the people will perfect and normal devoid of interruption of mental illness.

Keywords: Mental Health, Mental Illness, Depression, Personality Disorders, Work Pressure
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1. Introduction
The development of a country depends on the integrity and maturity of its people. Healthy societies have a
well-balanced mind as well as a holistic ability to produce a variety of things and agendas. Consequently, the
development, progress and development of globalization have been a challenge to all individuals in realizing their
potential for self and quality of life. In realizing and reaching all aspects of the globalization vision, humans have
to become the movers and sources of human capital (Zafir & Fazilah, 2006). These insights, objectives, visions
and missions diligently linked to the organization’s goals in enhancing their company's competencies.
Organizational goals frequently push for human resources, leading superiors to press subordinates to carry out
their agenda planning (Noraini & Noorasmah, 2019). Determinations and responsibilities that categorized as
commitments do indeed contribute to high levels of stress. Particularly subordinate workers will be assigned and
perform such tasks as the superior. Power and mind numbing can have a negative effect if it is not properly
controlled and planned.
The reality of life and stress in the workplace is largely due to the function and role of individual. They
suffer from stress, depression and eventually tension affects their quality of life. Low quality of life can affect
physical pain as well as emotional haste. If this not treated for a long time, it can lead to chronic mental illness.
Therefore, the source of pressure identified. For example, in the context of stress in the workplace, it is associated
with employee anxiety and discomfort in carrying out work. In the study of Nur Izzaty et al. (2015), stress in the
workplace influenced by the quantity and burden of work tolerated by workers. In fact, the ambiguity of the task
and the role strongly stimulates the employee's emotions and stress (Gallie & Russell, 2009). Therefore, the two-
way communication between top management and subordinates is essential to ensure that employees kept safe
while performing tasks effectively and efficiently.
2. Problem Statement
Human well-being evidenced by normal behaviour and constant emotions. Emotional weakness is one of the
first signs that a person is depressed and heading towards mental illness. Therefore, depression is one of the
contributing factors to the risk of stress and mental illness (Ismail et al., 2013). Amongst the several nature of
careers that lead to depression are the fields of teaching, nursing and customer service at risk of contributing to
depression dominantly amongst female workers. The stress-contributing factor is due to the exhaustion of
commuting workers from remote locations. In fact, there are work conflicts between family and career
commitments that are stressful and create emotional tension for workers.
Scientifically, individuals who exposed to stress have many immune disorders (Mojoyinolo, 2008).
Consumption disorders and unhealthy lifestyle early in life can be a contributing factor to persistent pressure. Wan
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Noor Hayati's (2016) report found children's lifestyle correlates with stress in adolescence. This is due to the
parents' weakness in providing their children with the appropriate education and affection. If this problem is not
controlled, it will endanger the lives of children and adolescents. Finally, the statistics on mental illness rates are
increasing. In a statement by a psychologist, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, it explained in Zubir's (2018) report
that the problem of mental illness would become chronic in 10 years. 40% of Malaysians are currently suffering
from depression. The dominance of depression is also among women. Among the contributing factors to mental
illness because of depression are family history of depression.
Government has to take systematic initiatives to ensure that the issue of mental illness remains under
control. However, Malaysia has only 380 psychiatrists, despite the necessity for around 3000-trained doctors.
According to Nursyazlin and Noraini (2017), the need for specialists in the field of psychology and low mental
health can reduce the number of patients in the country. The treatment method should have tailored to the
requirements of the patient. Each patient should have treated in stages until healing. The diagnosis phase is an
important phase for assessing and identifying the level of mental illness of the patient before follow-up treatment
(Masilamani et al., 2013). Unfortunately, a lack of professionalism will hamper the treatment and probability of
the number of patients recovering.
The risks and implications of accelerated treatment of mental patients have a significant negative impact
on the economy of the country. It has reported in a study abroad that several companies suffer from the loss of
their employees (Zafir & Fazilah, 2006). Workplace stress is a burden and requires the company to provide
compensation and treatment to employees in the event of a workplace accident. In 2000, the United Kingdom
recorded a 33 percent increase in claims related to workplace accidents.
In the context of the community, suicidal tendencies are often associated with depression patients.
According to information released by Health Director-General Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah, the World Health
Organization (WHO) found suicide records as the top 10 causes of death in the world. These facts prove that stress
is a dangerous disease and is consistent with the worldwide statistics of chronic illness (Siti Aisyah, 2019). The
impact of suicide will not only affect the individual but it will also affect the image and reputation of the victim's
family. According to Siti Aisyah's report (2019), the Ministry of Health Malaysia provided mental health screening
and treatment services at 60 government hospitals, 1001 health clinics and 25 Mental Health Community Centres
(MENTARI).
3. Research Objectives
3.1 To identify the concept and monitoring of mental illness
3.2 To identify the knowledge level of mental health
3.3 To identify schizophrenia mental disease factors
3.4 To identify family experience care for mental illness person
4. Literature Review
For deep explanation, researcher will have discussed and explain about four elements were mention in this
research. The four elements are the classification of mental illness, an issues about mental health among students,
the developing and factor of schizophrenia mental and family issues about mental illness.
4.1 Classification of Mental Illness
According to the dictionary statement and definition (1984), stress is associated with emotional pressures that
force an individual to bear an unbearable burden. Simple pressure can cause physical and emotional problems that
can lead to psychosomatic and physiological pain (Nur Izzaty et al., 2015). There are numbers of factor contribute
to stress and mental illness. According to Firdaus's (2019) report, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH) in the United States found that nearly one-third of workers are under stress at work. Similarly, in
Europe, records show that around 20 to 30 percent of workers are depressed. Causes of stress are largely due to
individual problems, conflicts between people and unpleasant environmental factors. In the context of occupational
safety and health, this problem is often associated with the structure of the body's working position especially when
using a computer. The position and spot of the body and its members are not conducive to over-fatigue and
tiredness which can suppress emotions and lead to mental pain.
Implementation of uncontrolled tasks contributes to increased levels of human stress (Asri & Hamrila,
2007). Tasks that exceed capacity will reason people to feel overwhelmed and distracted. Indirectly, they initiate
to feel uninterested and unhappy while carrying out their tasks. It could be a mental health problem or even
considered senseless. However, according to (Zuraimi, Azizi & Mohd Nor, 2016), stress will only exist if the
burden and capacity of work exceed one's capacity. The context of this ability encompasses the ability and
competence of a person to manage with a given task. The restrictions and capabilities of an individual depend on
the potential and skill of the individual to accomplish the assigned task.
Uncertainty thrilling pressure problems occur over the long term, it will ruin an employee's potential.
Work commitment disrupted. Therefore, the role of employers is very important in addressing this issue (Noraini
& Noorasmah, 2019). Increased burden will also give rise to internal conflicts in the event of unsystematic
distribution of tasks (Lazarus, 1990). This is due to the attitude of the employer or the manager who sets the rate
of employment different between the workers. This phenomenon often causes workers to quarrel and

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dissatisfaction with each other. Prolonged conflicts in the workplace interfere with work and emotional well-being
and lead to depression, stress and mental illness.
Mental health issues among individuals have gained a lot of coverage and research worldwide.
Preliminary in 1992, World Mental Health Day set for October 10 each year with a variety of theme celebrations.
According to a report in Firdaus (2019), the 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey study found that 29.2
percent of Malaysians suffer from mental stress and anxiety. In talking about this issue, the government is always
optimistic and concerned about mental health matters. Among the projects and actions undertaken are to conduct
mental health screening programs worldwide (Firdaus, 2019). Various approaches and methods implemented to
ensure that mental screening performed to meet the criteria of testing one's mental health.
4.2 Mental Health amongst Students
Salmah (2009) mention that mental health problems are not trivial and easy to control. This be able impact life
threatening and reason the death if not treated promptly. According to Nursyazlin and Noraini (2017) early
childhood problems treated if, parents are conscious and aware of their children's behaviour and emotional
changes. Technological changes, innovations and needs in the world market have made the demands of human life
more challenging. An urgent challenge not only causes fatigue, but also stresses it if it fails to cope positively.
Azlina (2012) explains that the issue of mental illness needs taken into account, as if cannot classified abstractly
if detailed treatment done properly.
Failure to control and balance life will affect an individual's emotions. It has also been proven in the study
of Zafir and Fazilah (2006) that the problem of failure to control emotionally is likely to affect Cumulative Trauma
Disorder. Cumulative Trauma Disorders are more often associated with problems at workplace. The style and
position of the body posture during non-ergonomic work can cause excessive pain and self-harm. Deprived of
body position reassures organs and nerves to become tired, leading to headaches and emotions. This disruption
will also affect the quality of daily sleep (Nursyazlin & Noraini, 2017).
Wan Noor Hayati's (2016) report shows that the stress and problems of mental illness are largely due to
individual and genetic background. Most children experience childhood depression because of environmental
factors, school, family, teachers and friends. Undeniably, genetic factors are also among the contributors to stress
in children. The attitude of some parents biased or overly aggressive cause’s children to feel unsafe and often has
a problem. Families with frequent engagements and conflicts interfere with children's emotional development.
Children will remember the problems they faced in childhood and will develop into traumatic experiences.
In a commentary previously presented by Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Consultants, Dr Ramli Mohd
Ali explained that a hyperactive student referred to a psychiatrist for professional counselling services from the
appropriate person (Wan Noor Hayati, 2016). This problem needs to addressed, as it is not a minor issue as it
delayed to the future. Today, the 2015 National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) found that 600 000 children
between the ages of five and 16 have suffered from mental health problems. Some of the factors that because
depression include health problems, self-management conflicts, financial problems, personal and family issues and
other related issues (Wan Noor Hayati, 2016).
To ensure the quality of mental health, the community constantly urged to adopt a healthy routine and
lifestyle in line with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health Malaysia. Implementing a healthy lifestyle
and balanced nutrition techniques are essential in ensuring the quality of human life. Several individuals have to
tolerate the burden of stress over the years due to their failure to control their emotions (Zubir, 2018). It is even
more distressing when such pressures take over the human body and cause a great deal of destruction to themselves.
Even pressure can cause people to be hallucinating and to have a psychologist in them. In addition to chronic
illnesses, especially cancer and so on, many mental patients suffer from personality disorders including seven
different personalities. Different personalities are one of the mental problems that need to be treated (Alina et al.,
2020).
4.3 Schizophrenia Mental
Schizophrenia is a type of mental illness that involves changes in behaviour. Patients with behavioural changes
repeatedly show emotional distress, failure to interact well, hallucinations and delusions. Failure to control this
disease often results in the patient's tendency to commit suicide as result of depression. In addition, about 30
percent of Malaysians suffer from mental illness especially women. This shows that mental illness is not a minor
scale disease, but that it has begun to dominate the group of other diseases in the country.
Demands in the role of life greatly affect the mental pain of the human being. Emotional backgrounds and
personality tensions have greatly contributed to the deterioration of human mental health. In addition, mental
illness is regularly associated with emotional problems and negative personalities. Characteristically, individuals
with mental health problems will quickly become irritated and mad. They do not think well and are continually
drastic in making decisions (Yozgat, Yurtkoru & Bilginoglu, 2013). More distinguished is that they act like humans
in an out-of-control mentality. One of the most common actions is the destructive attitude of the objects around of
them. It is more terrifying when they harass other people by hurting their friends or individuals around them (Zafir
& Fazilah, 2006).
According to the President of the Association of Public Service Psychologists (PSIPA), Dr Abdul Jalil Hassan,
the problem of stress and mental illness is not new-fangled but it is a growing pain over time. In fact, a study
conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that mental illness would be the leading cause by
2020. These statistics clearly show that mental illness is a very serious issue. Not just the community, mental
illness also experienced by professional occupations including civil servants in Malaysia. In the Malaysian
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phenomenon, Siti Norshahidah's report (2019) found that 400 000 civil servants suffered from anxiety disorders.
This information shows that many mental illnesses occur in adults.
According to Noorhafeza and Ferlis (2010), the problem of insomnia is also a precursor to stress. Symptoms
of insomnia because one gets a respectable night's sleep and are often disturbed. Because of this, the human brain
under stress has a high rate of load and has to work overtime. The most common symptom of insomnia is that
humans will experience extreme fatigue. Although the level of fatigue experienced is high, the patient is still unable
to fade from the brain and his or her active mind from normal hours. Indirectly, it can cause other pain such as
heart problems and headaches from chronic life disorders.
Suicide is a negative step that often occurs in stressful individuals. They have committed suicide as a solution
to their problems. This is occurring among students. Learning pressures and financial problems on campus are the
cause of students' suicide (Wan Noor Hayati, 2016). In fact, many teenagers today are caught up in the symptoms
of suicide among overseas artists. Teenagers who are paranoid and obsessed with artists make suicidal ideation
and initiative. It is evident on social media sites that many cases of suicide occur among overseas artists. The cause
of suicide is the stress of life.
Aguglia et al. (2018) indication that the existence of personality disorder in a person's personality actually
involves the feeling of daydreaming. This dizzying feeling related to the separation of thoughts and memories,
feelings, actions that trigger various identities and personalities. This problem known as Dissociative Identity
Disorder (DID). In dividends with DID are often variable and inconsistent. Sometimes they see a friendly and kind
person. On the divergent, there are times when they act as irritated and very aggressive. In fact, this tendency is
more prevalent in women than in men. The cause of DID is due to the emotional turmoil that has been experienced
since childhood, and it has eventually become a gripping personality throughout adolescence and adulthood.
However, several factors of DID are also identified through genetic, hormonal imbalance in the body and lifestyle
imbalance.
In their report, Bauer et al. (2018) explain that there is also a mental illness associated with significant bipolar
disorder. Bipolar is a two-dimensional disorder associated with depression in which one has a level of sadness and
extreme levels of happiness. Extreme happy feelings category as 'mania phase' and if the symptoms are not
dominant, they are simply known as 'hypomania'. This phase of emotional transition depends on an individual.
There are individuals who are able to control emotions quickly and slowly. Typically, bipolar disorder occurs in
individuals 18 years old (Bipolar I) and 20 years old (Bipolar II). The results of a study abroad have found that the
prevalence of bipolar disorder is prevalent among women, young people and educated people (Gan et al., 2011).
4.4 Family Experience Care for Mental Illness Person
The process to comprehend and identify the implications of pressure, several forms of impact recognised. Signs
of stress divided into several symptoms that involve physical, behavioural and psychological changes. In the
context of the world of work, these vicissitudes can result in workplace accidents if left unchecked at work.
Excessive stress at work can affect human health and well-being (Zafir & Fazilah, 2006). In fact, it can also be life
threatening if left unchecked and given treatment. When one is under severe stress, physiology, psychology and
behaviour change drastically (Peterson & Wilson, 2004). The main effects of stress are depression, negative
emotions, anxiety, sadness, fatigue, muscle tension and so on.
Other ways to identify individuals for stress are through their healthiness. Depressed individuals will usually
experience health problems such as severe cough, stomach or gastric problems, chronic headache or migraine and
chest pain. Donald et al. (2005) also found that the effects and implications of stress are one of the causes of
chronic illness. High levels of pressure can increase cholesterol levels in the bloodstream. Increased cholesterol be
able to cause blood vessels to damage and to fail to function properly. Blood pressure and heart rate will also
change due to extreme pressure.
In terms of emotional change, depressed individuals have an aggressive and impatient personality. They tend
to be annoyed and less considerate of others (Cheng, Gou & Yeh, 2001). This is due to the stress that the emotional,
physical, and mental stress of a person's environment changes as opposed to their potential and self-efficacy. In
fact, severe stress not only affects the short term, it can also lead to long-term problems (Isaac, 2003). However,
the level of pressure depends on one's ability to handle the pressure. There are individuals who can deal with stress
in a short period. On the other hand, there are individuals who have to deal with emotional pain and fatigue in the
face of stress (Khairul Bariah, 2003). Prolonged stress contributes to chronic pain.
Other factors also emphasize the root cause of the problem of stress caused by family. Background studies
show that stress is associated with family background factors, which often occur as a teenager. For example, a
report prepared by Nurul Riduan (2019) shows that on May 14, 2019 there was a 16-year-old girl who committed
suicide by jumping from a three-storey building in Kuching, Sarawak. It is even sadder when the teen commits
suicide because of a poll sent on social media. This is due to the stress and depression that the teen faces and drives
him to do the negative things.
This shows that stress is not only a result of work commitment, but it is due to an individual's background. In
addition to family background or environment, genetic factors and natural mental disorders are also factors in a
person's initial childhood stress. In a report written by Wan Noor Hayati (2015), he identified several types of
diseases that seen as forms and symptoms of stress in children.

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Somebody is supposed to be under stress if have any signs of causing the disease. According to Md.
Safian (2004), individuals who suffer from stress often have trouble forgetting and cannot focus on doing
something. This is because emotions and minds are in an unstable environment. The mind is full of various
questions and problems that cause an individual to suffer from mental and emotional disorders that have a negative
impact on daily life, work performance and quality of assigned tasks.
All parties should emphasize the aspects of tranquillity and harmony in life in order to reduce stress.
Chronic stress problems not only affect the emotional and physical wellbeing but also affect the lives of
individuals. Destruction of family will also occur in the case of suicide among mental patients. Families are
individuals who have to bear shame and their image is also affected in the long time phases. If suicidal mental
patients have children, it can affect them emotionally. Their children have to accept negative perceptions of society
and they may be associated with mental illness.
According to Firdaus who is the Secretary of the Malaysian Psychiatric Association in 2019, he found
that stress had to addressed especially when it came to work. This phenomenon is particularly alarming as it reduces
work motivation among workers. In Firdaus report (2019), the President of the Congress of the Union of Public
Service Employees found that 20 000 civil servants are retiring early due to workplace pressures in 2017. In its
annual statistics, it shows great value as it involves 30 000 to 35 000 people. In this regard, employees are
encouraged to find workarounds for coping with stress in the workplace including planning well. Workers are also
encouraged to adopt a work-life balance system to avoid conflicts with family work (Firdaus, 2019).
Based on several reports and facts related to the problem of mental illness, it is clear that the group of
mental patients is not of the same gender or less educated person. However, mental illness is also prevalent among
the young, adolescents and the educated or rich person. In this look, we need to increase the number of psychiatrists
to help more individuals receive optimal treatment (Nadia, 2017). Since mental illness is not a minor issue, it
requires a variety of methods and approaches. One of the most common forms of approach is to provide advice
and motivation. In addition, specialized treatments performed including the delivery of medicines and some
methods of treatment using machines and technology equipment. For the Muslim community, they can get
treatment through Islamic methods that emphasize spiritual and religious aspects. The concept of happiness and
surrender to the destiny of God applied to the soul of every human being. Wellness is a symbol of emotional and
physical health. The symbol of human strength measured through the face and body of the healthy through the
normal mind.
5. Research Methodology
This study practices the critical analysis and library studies through systematic readings of data and secondary
data findings. Few previous reports and studies identified and analysed as findings. However, the secondary data
used still preserve the authenticity of previous studies and reports. The names of the authors and reporters cited as
sources of reference and citations to the findings of the critical analysis conducted. The process of systematic
literature review has a lot of reading, synthesis and review of research study were selected. The most importance
for this method, we should know and find the gap of research such as the methodology and findings. According of
the previous study, I am interested with four item whereby I discussed in my problem statement and literature
review.
6. Findings and Discussion of Critical Analysis in Systematic Literature Review
6.1 Concept and Monitoring of Mental Illness
Mental illness classified as a problem involving brain disorders. The effects of mental illness involve changes
in thinking processes; problems of temper and abnormal behaviour (see Figure 1). Implications of mental illness
traced through interruptions and changes in one's daily activities (Mohd Nasir, 2012). In 1996, a study showed that
almost 11.1 percent of adults in Malaysia suffer from mental illness. Additional troublingly, the World Health
Organization reports that mental illness will be the second highest cause of disability in 2020.

Figure 1: The Concept of Mental Illness (Source: Mohd Nasir, 2012)

6.2 The Knowledge Level of Mental Health
This second finding taken from a study conducted by Intan Nurhaila et al. (2011). Her research emphasized the
importance of the level of knowledge related to mental health among public university students. Her research
conducted at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) involving 30 respondents between the ages of 20 and 25.
According to her research, the level of knowledge of mental illness among respondents is low as the majority of
them have low mean scores. In fact, correlation studies also showed insignificant findings where demographics

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did not affect knowledge on mental illness. Overall, Nurhaila et al. (2011) conclude that a major factor in the lack
of knowledge about mental illness among students is due to communication and information that is still lacking in
society especially students.
Table 1: Levels and Relationships of Knowledge with Student Demographics
Source: The study of Nurhaila et al. (2011)
Demography Level of Knowledge Correlation Value
High Low
Gender Female 3 14 0.527
Male 2 11
Race Malay 5 20 1.000
Non-Malay 0 5
Table 1 shows the findings of the study conducted by Nurhaila et al. (2011). This finding indicates that the
level of respondent knowledge is low, especially for female students (14). There are 11 male students received low
levels of knowledge related to mental illness. Only five people were highly knowledgeable about mental illness.
In terms of people, the majority ethnic Malays have the low level of knowledge about the mental illness. However,
the research show people who have not wither no high level of knowledge related to mental illness. Therefore, the
results of the correlation studies showed that there was no significant relationship between demographics (gender
and race) and knowledge level of mental illness among students. This is because the values obtained were not
significant (p> 0.05).
6.3 Schizophrenia Mental Disease Factors
The findings conducted by Nur Aidaa, Faudziah and Syazwaan (2019). The findings show that there are four
factors that cause schizophrenia, which are genetic factors, drug abuse factors, work stress factors and poverty
factors. This study used qualitative techniques and used objective sampling techniques. The study population
focused on patients with Mild Schizophrenia only. Out of 120 populations, Nur Aidaa, Faudziah and Syazwaan
(2019) selected only four patients based on the approval of psychiatrists. The location of the study was at the Ipoh
Perak Protection Canter.
Table 2: Factors for Mental Illness Schizophrenia
Sources: Nur Aidaa, Faudziah and Syazwaan (2019)
Patient Age Schizophrenia Factor Race
Patient 1 51 years old Genetic Malay
Patient 2 37 years old Drug Abuse Malay
Patient 3 40 years old Work Stress Malay
Patient 4 65 years old Poverty Indian
Table 2 shows the findings of the study obtained by Nur Aidaa, Faudziah and Syazwaan (2019) while
conducting a study on schizophrenic mental patients. According to Kaplan et al. (2010), Schizophrenia is a type
of mental illness that involves changes in behaviour. Table 2 is four patients who categorized as mild schizophrenia
by psychiatrists. The scale of the age of the patient is within the range of 37 to 65 years, of which three are Malays
and only an Indian. The first patient was a Malay who is a 51-year-old patient caused by genetic factors. Genetic
factors are inherently difficult to overcome because they acquired through family and genetic. Genetic factors also
occur in childhood or adolescence. The second patient was 37 years old and Malay. The second patient diagnosed
with a substance abuse problem. The problem of uncontrolled drug abuse fact be detrimental to a person's mental,
emotional and behavioural health even at a young age. The third patient also Malays and 40 years old. As noted in
the literature review, the major factor in mental illness in society is due to excessive work pressure. Excessive
work stress can reason a person to lose control of his or her well-being and thus experience depression. The fourth
patient was a 65-year-old Indian. The problem that these patients face is the poverty factor. Poverty is a major
issue in human life. Poverty is also strongly associated with socialization because it involves other communities.
The attitude of some people who often insult and marginalize the poor causes the depressed and miserable
individuals to suffer.
6.4 Family Experience Care for Mental Illness Person
Table 3: Experiences of Mental Health Care
Source: Mohd Suhaimi (2015)

Experience Urban Rural

Mean Value
Patients negative behaviour 1.24 1.17

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Negative symptoms of patient 1.86 1.34

Stigma 1.12 1.41
Problems with the service 1.44 1.49
Impact towards family 1.13 1.47
Patients dependency 1.65 1.65
Positive personal experience 2.54 0.69
Good relationship with the patients 2.34 0.87

This study conducted by Mohd Suhaimi et al. (2015) on 154 mental health care workers. Mohd Suhaimi et al.
(2015) conducted a survey using questionnaire form. The questionnaire instrument consisted of 66 items measuring
the level of experience of caring for families with mental illness. A number of experiences mentioned in the study.
Table 3 shows some of the experiences experienced by the caregiver.
Based on Table 4, Mohd Suhaimi et al. (2015) found that some of the experiences of the caregivers of
mental patients consisted of the patient's family. He has also conducted comparative studies between the caregivers
of mental patients in urban and rural areas. Mental caregivers in urban areas indicated that they had a higher
positive personal experience with patients compared to carers of rural mental patients clearly indicating that their
relationship with patients was very low with a mean value (0.69). In fact, the caregiver's relationship with the
patient is also categorized as higher in the urban area than in the rural areas (mean = 2.34 and mean = 0.87).
Generally, a study conducted by Mohd Suhaimi (2015) clearly shows that patient care in urban areas is more
positive than in rural areas about the mentall illness perceptions.
7. Conclusion
Mental illness is a disorder that be existent in society regardless of age, race, educational background, and
status or luxuriant. Therefore, individuals with mental disorders encouraged to get a psychiatrist or referred to as
a therapist. The competencies and abilities possessed by psychiatrists are crucial in guiding patients to optimum
healing (Siti Nur Shahidah, 2019). Based on the discussion in this study, it clearly shows that mental illness related
to brain problems, thoughts, emotional disorders and eventually depression and sadness. If the patient does not
control their disease effectively, it will cause the patient to become more dangerous and eventually contribute to
suicide.
Emotional tension and negative behavioural transformation influenced by psychological elements. According
to Nur Aidaa, Faudziah and Syazwaan (2019), these psychological elements include psychological distress,
emotional turmoil, and extreme personality disorder. In the long term, it can contribute to the risk of diseases
including heart disease, hypertension and other diseases. In terms of quality of life, several mental patients suffer
from job dissatisfaction, conflicts with their employer or co-workers. The quality of life with the family is also
affected. In fact, there are patients who have to break up with their partner due to the stress of being large and
affecting their family (Gallie, 2009).
The role of the Ministry of Health (MOH) is very important in addressing and reducing the risk of mental
illness. These include positive and motivational programs that can change a patient's awareness toward healthy
sophisticated. Many psychologists assert that the main source of mental illness is emotional sickness. A healthy is
constantly in a smiling, organized environment and does not feel pressured by any person or individual.
Considering the high risk of mental illness associated with the suicide phenomenon, this proves that the pain is not
a comedy on the mind or the concentration. Mental illness is not just an illusion or conceptual delusion, but it is a
fact that functionally confirmed. Therefore, all gatherings prerequisite to act holistically to ensure that humanity
is healthy and able to develop a generation with constant sentiments and a customary excellence of lifetime.
Acknowledgement
Appreciations to all authors and researchers who contributed their philosophies to this paper. Thanks also to
the University of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for the sponsorship provided for this publication.
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